Chemistry Project: Detailed Analysis of the Carbon Element

This project provides a detailed exploration of the carbon element, beginning with its historical discovery and the origin of its name from the Latin word "Carbo" and French word "Charbon". It details the element's abundance in the Earth's crust and the universe, and provides general information including its chemical symbol (C), atomic number (6), atomic mass, and atomic structure. The project covers the physical properties of carbon, such as its melting and boiling points under various pressure conditions, its state at room temperature, and its density in amorphous, graphite, and diamond forms. It also outlines the element's non-metallic nature and its electrical conductivity, as well as the existence of allotropes like diamond and graphite. The project further lists various compounds with carbon, including ethane, cyclopropane, benzene, phenol, and glucose, and concludes with a discussion of the practical uses of carbon in pencils, fuel, jewelry, and industrial applications like fishing rods and water filtration. References from O'Connell (2018) and Peebles (2018) are included.

Chemical Element
Carbon

History and Discovery
 The term ‘Carbon’ has come from a Latin
word “Carbo” that means coal. On the other
hand, the French word “ Charbon” also stands
for charcoal.
 This chemical element was discovered in the
form of charcoal and soot. In 1722,
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur had
reported that, the iron was transformed into
steel after absorbing an element named carbon.
 In the same year, the Antoine Lavoisier
showed that diamond is a form of carbon.

Abundance
 Carbon is the 15th most
abundant element in earth’s
crust and in case of universe,
it is the fourth most
abundant element by mass.

General Information
 Name of the element- Carbon
 Chemical symbol of the element- C
 Atomic number of the element- 6
 Atomic mass of the element- 12.0107
amu ( Peebles, 2018)

Continued…
 Number of electrons-6
 Number of Protons-6
 Number of neutrons-6 ( Peebles,
2018).

Melting and Boiling Point
Melting point of the element
 Carbon is generally solid in room
temperature and when it is heated, the
carbon generally has direct phase change
from solid to gas. However, Carbon can
melt only in a jigh pressure and high
temperature condition. However, if the
pressure is enhanced to 10 atmospheric
pressure, then Carbon can be melted at
3550 °C.
 Boiling point of the element-
4827.0°C ( O’connell, 2018)

State of the Element
 State of the element at room temperature-
In room temperature, this element is solid
in nature.
 Density of the element- The amorphous
state of the carbon has the density of
1.8–2.1 g/cm3. On the other hand
graphaite and diamond has the density of
almost 2.267 g/cm3 and 3.515 g/cm3
respectively.
 Type of the element- Carbon is non-
metal in nature ( O’Connell, 2018).

Properties
Properties of the element
 Carbon is an electrical conductor. For example
it can be said that, graphite is a good conductor
 Carbon has different allotropes such as
diamond and graphite and properties are
different in case of different allotropic form of
the carbon,
 Carbon does not reacts with water or acids.
 Carbon molecule has the property to form
long chains of atoms to form a different
carbon compound ( O’Connell, 2018)

Compounds with Carbon
 Ethane- C2H6
 Cyclopropane- C3H6
 Benzene- C6H6
 Phenol- C6H5OH
 Glucose- C6H12O6
(Peebles. 2018)

Uses of Carbon
 Graphite, form of carbon is used as pencil
tips.
 One form of carbon, coal, is used as fuel.
 Diamonds are used as jewellery and also
used for drilling, cutting glass.
 Carbon can be used in the manufacturing
process of fishing rods, tennis rackets.
 In the filtration process of water, activated
charcoal can be used ( O’Connell, 2018).

References
O’connell, M. J. (2018). Carbon nanotubes: properties and applications.
CRC press.
Peebles, L. H. (2018). Carbon fibers: formation, structure, and properties.
CRC Press.

Thank You