Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 Part B: Cardiac Conduction & Vitamin B12

This document presents the solution for Bioscience 1 Assessment 2 Part B, focusing on two main areas: the cardiac conduction system and vitamin B12. The first part reviews the importance of referencing and paraphrasing, analyzing the student's understanding of these concepts based on their previous submission. The second part contains short answer questions. The questions delve into the components and conduction pathway of the cardiac conduction system, the corresponding sequence of heart chamber contractions, food sources of vitamin B12, the functions of vitamin B12 in the body, the consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant and non-pregnant individuals, and groups at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Each answer is supported by in-text references. The document highlights the importance of referencing and provides detailed answers to key biological concepts.

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
Do NOT delete any part of the template
Due Monday 6th May 2019, midnight
Student Name: Nanditaben Patel
Student ID: 19518073
Task 1- Feedback review on Part A
This activity is to be completed and submitted as part of Assessment 2 (Part B).
This activity should bring to your attention the importance of referencing and
paraphrasing and help to improve your marks awarded for Academic Style and
Referencing.
Use your submitted Assessment 2(Part A) when considering the following
questions. Please highlight or underline your chosen answer.
a) Did you include in-text references in your answer and a reference list at the end?
a) Yes
b) No
b) What is the purpose of including in-text references and a reference list in an
assessment?
a) Provide evidence for the source of the information
b) Allows information to be included without paraphrasing
c) Permits information to be directly copied without rewriting
c) What is the purpose of submitting your assessment through Turnitin?
a) Allows you to identify material that needs to be referenced
b) Allows you to identify material that needs to be paraphrased
c) Allows you to identify incorrect information that should be removed
d) Which of the following Turnitin similarity percentages best represents an
assessment that has been well paraphrased?

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
a) 80-95%
b) 50-60%
c) 10-30%
Make sure you include in-text references in every answer and check your Turnitin
similarity % at least three days before the due date so you have time to paraphrase
your answers.

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
Task 2- Short answer questions.
Note: Answers must be in complete sentences and include in-text references
Answer the following questions:
Question2-
Describe the components and conduction pathway of the cardiac conduction
system of the heart. (200 words, 5 marks)
Answer: The conduction system of the cardiac comprises of unique cardiac muscles
that are located human heart wall, which releases signals to the heart causing
contraction.
The chief modules of cardiac conduction system include
 Atrioventicular bundle or bundle of HIS: It is located in the lower end of the
interatrial septum in both the human heart ventricles.
 Sinoatrial node or SA node: It is known as anatomical pacemaker. It is present in
the inferior to the superior vena cava thereby generating electric signals.
 Purkinje fibres: It is present in the innermost ventricular walls of the heart (Marieb,
2019).
 Atrioventricular node or AV nodes: It is located in the inferior section of the
interatrial septum which is just above the tricuspid valve as AV node is present.
 Right as well as left bundle branches: They are present laterally to the ventricles
septum.
The procedure begins from Sinoatrial node by producing tightening of Atrial muscle,
causing the signal to travel besides reaching the AV node, by the Atrioventicular bundle
then move down to the branches bundle over the Purkinje fibre, causing in tightening of
the Ventricles. The electric signals, which are formed by heart muscle contraction that

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
can be observed on the graph acknowledged as an electrocardiogram (ECG). ECG
displays the electrical procedure of the medical as well as heart professionals that uses
the data to display the cardiac transmission system’s production (Marieb, 2019).
Relate the conduction system to the corresponding sequence of heart chamber
contractions. (200 words, 5 marks)
Answer: The cardiac conduction system has accurate sequences of numerous processes
to receive best effect of heart conduction (Laizzo, 2015). The cardiac conduction system
begins with the Sinoatrial node, SA node that is called as normal anatomical pacemaker
present in the heart. The SA node generates the electrical signal at a steady rate that is
required for the body. Every signal generated goes by the Atria which have myocardial
cells. Hence, it generates the waves of the shrinkage in addition to the outcomes due to
Atria contraction. The stimulus coming from SA node extents to the AV node, whereas
the ventricle receives blood due to the pumping of blood by Atria. The blood from Atria
then reaches the Ventricles thereby the Atria becomes unfilled, therefore the valves amid
Atria in addition to Ventricles closes. When both the Atrium start filling up then the
electrical signal reaching the AV node gets transferal through Atrioventricular bundle
(Bundle of His). Av node then pass through bundle of branches to the Purkinje fibre.
Purkinje fibre spreads all through the ventricles, causing the receiving of electrical signals
by the cells present in the ventricles. Hence, it causes the contraction in the ventricles of
the heart (Laizzo, 2019).
Question 3-Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is important for normal
development and health. Please answer the following:
a) Name two food sources high in vitamin B12(20 words; 0.5 mark)

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
Answer: Food sources high in vitamin B12 are poultry, eggs, Red meat and fish
are considered as natural as well as supreme source for getting vitamin B12 in the
human body (Medline Plus, 2019).
b) Describe the functions of vitamin B12 in the body (60 words; 1.5 marks)
Answer: Vitamin B12 is highly necessary segment for proper functioning of brain
and nervous system. Every single cell present in the body needs vitamin B12 for
metabolism. Vitamin B12 is required in the development of the red blood cells
present in the body as well as it is essential for generating and regulation of DNA.
It benefits in production of the fatty acids as well as energy production to have
normal body functioning (Medline Plus, 2019).
c) Describe the possible consequences to the body if there is a deficiency in
vitamin B12 in pregnant and non-pregnant individuals(80 words; 2 marks)
Answer: Vitamin B12 deficiency has been linked with several problems faced by
an individual. According to Kancherla (2017) it leads to reduction in the
neurological growth that causes numerous critical difficulties in functioning of
brain. In the time of pregnancy, vitamin B12 deficiency is caused, which is
associated with pregnancy problem risk such as abortion, reduction in birth weight
and defect in neural tube of the child (National Institutes of Health, 2011). These
health defects leads to anaemia, improper health of child during birth and health
defects in the new born child. All these health defects occur due to deficiency in
vitamin B12 (Hooper, 2015).

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
d) Name one group of people that is more likely to be at risk of becoming
deficient in vitamin B12 and why. (40 words; 1 mark)
Answer: Vegans are observed to be the highest risk individuals for Vitamin B12
deficiency. People who do not eat non-vegetarian food such as meat or fish are
defiient in vitamin B12 as vitamin B12 is only available in meat and fishes (Combs,
2016).

Bioscience 1 Assessment2 (Part B)
References
Combs, J., & McClung, James P. (2016). The Vitamins : Fundamental Aspects in
Nutrition and Health. (5th ed.).
Hooper, M., & Steele, Chris. (2015). What You Need to Know About Pernicious Anaemia
and Vitamin B12 Deficiency.
Iaizzo, P., & SpringerLink. (2015). Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and
Devices.
Kancherla, V., Elliott, J., Patel, B., Holland, N., Johnson, T., Khakharia, A., Vaughan, C.
(2017). Long‐term Metformin Therapy and Monitoring for Vitamin B12 Deficiency
among Older Veterans. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 65(5), 1061-
1066.
Marieb, E., & Hoehn, Katja, author. (2019). Human anatomy & physiology (Eleventh
edition, Global ed.).
Medline Plus. (2019). Vitamin B12. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002403.htm
National Institutes of Health - The Office of Dietary Supplements. (2011). Vitamin B12
fact sheet for consumers. Retrieved from
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-Consumer/