Report on Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factors and Interventions

This report examines cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of global deaths, focusing on its risk factors, symptoms, and potential interventions. Behavioral risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption are highlighted as major contributors. Common symptoms, including chest pain, discomfort in the arms, and breathing difficulties, are discussed in relation to heart attacks and strokes. The report emphasizes the importance of interventions, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches like drugs, self-management techniques, therapies, and healthy diets, to minimize cardiovascular disease risks and improve patient outcomes. It also highlights the cost-effectiveness of implementing hypertension programs to reduce coronary heart disease and stroke.

HEALTH
PROMOTION
INTERVENTION

TABLE OF CONTENT
 Introduction
 Risk factor
 Symptoms
 Intervention
 Conclusion
 References

INTRODUCTION
 Cardiovascular disease is defined as a group of disorder which is associated
with the heart and blood vessels.
 In this report, the prevalent public health topic is selected as a heart disease or
cardiovascular disease.
 It usually has a group of disease which include coronary heart disease,
peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, and deep vein thrombosis
and pulmonary embolism.
 As per this, the heart attack and strokes are usually acute event which is
mainly caused by blockage that prevent the flow of blood from the heart or to
brain.
 Moreover, the strokes are usually caused by bleeding which is associated with
the blood vessels that is situated on the brain or from the occurrence of the
blood clot.

RISK FACTOR
 The most important behavioral risk factor of the disease which
is associated with cardiovascular and strokes are affected due to
a healthy diet, physical inactivity, regular tobacco use, and
excessive use of alcohol on the regular basis.
 Moreover, the effect of the behavioral risk factor which may
create the individual in order to raise the blood pressure, blood
glucose, blood lipid, and obesity.

SYMPTOMS
 There are some of the common symptoms which are associated with
cardiovascular disease that there are no proper symptoms which is
underline in the disease of the blood vessels.
 A heart attack or stroke is usually the first sign which is an underline
disease usually in the symptoms of the heart attack include pain or
discomfort in the center of the chest. However, the evaluation of the pain
or the discomfort is also analyzed in the arms shoulder’s elbows and back.
 In addition to this, the individual may also experience various difficulties
in the breeding are also associated with shortness of breath, nausea or
vomiting is common symptoms which is associated with cardiovascular
disease.

INTERVENTIONS
 The intervention is associated with cardiovascular disease to minimize the
risk. The inclusion of cardiovascular disease management intervention.
While taking the contrast of universal health coverage packages.
 Therefore, there are a high number of countries that are associated with the
health system which require a significant cost and investment in order to
maintain the effectiveness towards the managing of cardiovascular disease.
 This is also analyzed that 18 countries have shown that the hypertension
program can be implemented effectively by reducing the patient who is
suffering from the higher rate of hypertension. The cost-effective level of
the primary care which will ultimately result in reduced coronary heart
disease and stroke.

CONCLUSION
 As per above discussion, it is well analyzed that the prevalent public
health issue is selected for the report is cardiovascular disease or heart
disease which is leading cause of death in the global level.
 It is also estimated that the 18 million people are usually died from the
cardiovascular disease in 2019 that representing 32% of the global
death.
 Moreover, the intervention is used to take in based on pharmacological
and non-pharmacological intervention that include drugs, self-
management techniques, therapies, healthy diet, and so on which is
effective for the individual to reduce the rising cases of cardiovascular
disease.

REFERENCES
 Lippi, G., Henry, B.M. and Sanchis-Gomar, F., 2020. Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the
time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). European journal of preventive cardiology, 27(9), pp.906-
908.
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A.P., Kazakiewicz, D., May, H.T. and De Smedt, D., 2020. European Society of Cardiology:
cardiovascular disease statistics 2019. European heart journal, 41(1), pp.12-85.
 Schmidt, A.M., 2019. Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: emerging therapeutic
approaches. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 39(4), pp.558-568.
 Aragam, K.G. and Natarajan, P., 2020. Polygenic scores to assess atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
risk: clinical perspectives and basic implications. Circulation research, 126(9), pp.1159-1177.