Cardiovascular System: Disease, Causes and Effects Report

This report provides an overview of the cardiovascular system, encompassing the components of blood, their functions, and the role of the circulatory system. It details the process of blood clotting and the causes of heart disease, including smoking, diabetes, and obesity. The report further examines the effects of heart disease on the heart and circulatory system, followed by an analysis of the causes and effects of strokes. It references key literature on cardiovascular psychophysiology and disease epidemiology, offering a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. This report is designed to provide students with a clear and concise understanding of the key aspects of the cardiovascular system, its associated diseases, and their impacts.

Cardiovascular
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Table of Contents
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5
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Q-5 Components of blood and its functions
There are different components of blood which is mentioned below:-
Plasma – it contains protein and glucose which helps in blood clotting. It transport waste to
kidney, liver, etc.
RBC- their function is to carry oxygen from lungs to different parts of body and put away CO2
as waste.
WBC- they protect body from infectious disease.
Platelets – it helps in maintaining hemostasis and form plugs to release lipoprotein material.
Q-6 Role of circulatory system
There are many components of circulatory system such as heart, blood and blood vessels.
The gases and metabolitics waste are transported through oxygen. In body human body, oxygen
carry 98.5 % of blood to protein in RBC (Berntson and et.al., 2017) In similar way, hormones
are transported via blood cells. Usually, tissues and blood fluids are used to transport hormones.
Q-7 Process of blood clotting
The two reason are as follows :-
During an injury blood clotting helps in healing wound.
It helps in healing of wounds which prevent in stopping excess of blood loss.
The blood clotting starts when tiny cells known as platelets stick together to protect a
leak. The process starts when blood proteins along with platelets join together to form a fibrin
clot. Thus, this clot is a mesh that that stop bleeding. It cases a biological effect. So, when body
detect a wound clotting factors are switched one after other in specific order. Therefore, in this
each factor is activated until a clot is formed. this process is known as coagulation cascade.
Q-8 Main causes of heart disease
Heart disease involve class of cardiovascular disease. It is related to heart and blood
vessels. CAD like angina and mycocardial infarction.
There are different factors that can cause heart disease. They are as follows :-
Smoking- it is main cause of heart disease. In this excessive smoking leads to heart disease or
stroke (Townsend and et.al., 2016)
Diabetes- this is cause of heart disease. Low or high diabetes often results in heart disease.
Obesity – it is also a cause of heart disease.
Q-9 Effects of heart disease on function of heart and circulatory system
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The heart pump and supply blood to body through vessels. There are 3 blood vessels
arteries, capillaries and veins. Each of them performs specific function.
Q-10 Causes and effects of strokes
Stroke is death of cells due to lack of oxygen. It is causes due to block is flow of blood or
break of artery in brain. There are similar factors of stroke. They are:-
Heart disease- any type of heart disease is also a factor of stroke.
Smoking- it is main cause of heart disease. In this excessive smoking leads to heart disease or
stroke.
Diabetes- this is cause of heart disease. Low or high diabetes often results in heart disease.
Stroke highly impact on normal body functions. The blood is not supplied to various
body parts. It can lead to difficulty in breathing, visual problems, etc.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Berntson, G.G., and et.al., 2017. Cardiovascular psychophysiology.
Townsend, N. and et.al., 2016. Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update
2016. European heart journal, 37(42), pp.3232-3245.
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