University Care Plan: Dementia Management for Mr. Singh - PSW 161

This report presents a comprehensive care plan for a patient with Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson's disease, based on the case of Mr. Singh. It begins with a general overview of dementia, its causes, and risk factors, including vascular dementia. The report then explores diagnostic methods, such as cognitive tests and imaging techniques, alongside pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including occupational therapy and environmental modifications. Experimental therapies like vitamin E and dietary management are discussed, alongside encouraging physical activity. The core of the report is the detailed care plan, which addresses six key aspects: personal care (safe bathroom, encouraging self-care), care in movement (wheelchairs, mobility scooters), dietary care (low-calorie meals), home support (bed adjustments, social involvement), behavioral support, and care for personal activities (bathing). The plan emphasizes patient dignity, promoting independence, and adapting to the patient's preferences, with references to relevant research and guidelines.

Running head: CARE PLAN
Care Plan- Dementia
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1CARE PLAN
PART 1.
Dementia is a condition of many diseases such as heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease
and many chronic medical conditions. It is caused due to unusual changes in the brain. The
older persons are much prone to this condition and that is why it is regarded as senility. The
disease is characterised by decline in memory, defective language and reduce problem
solving and decision making abilities (Cunningham et al., 2015). Vascular dementia is
caused by toughening of the arteries due to stiffening of the artery lining due to deposition of
fat. The condition lead to a drastic degeneration of the cortical-subcortical regions of the
brain and increasing the cholinergic neurons and also the cells of cerebral cortex like
pyramidal cells. The risk factors of this condition are development of plasma homocysteine,
brain stroke, diabetes and atherosclerosis (Doung, Patel & Chang, 2017).
PART 2.
Dementia is a psychological disorder that results in cognitive impairment of the
patient. The cognitive and neuropsychological test can help in diagnoses of the condition (Lin
& Lewis, 2015). The imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and Pet scan
can identify the tumour or bleeding in the area of hydrocephalus and also identifying the
patterns of brain activity along with recognition of the amyloid protein in the brain area. The
drugs such as cholinesterase inhibitors increases the chemical messenger function of the brain
for building up the judgemental and memory capacity. The memantine drug helps in reducing
the condition by modifying the activity of glutamate in brain to enhance the memory capacity
(Stella et al., 2015). The non-pharmacological interventions includes occupational therapy
which helps the patient in adapting safe behaviour and coping up with the condition. The
environment around the patient must be cool and calm in order to maintain peace. Effective

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communication, encouraging the patient to perform daily activates gives an effective outcome
(Berg-Weger & Stewart, 2017).
PART 3.
The patient can be management by experimental therapies such as vitamin E-therapy,
radical scavenger therapy, tau phosphorylation. Dietary management such as giving the
patient ketone and glucose reach food helps in boosting up the memory capacity. The patient
must be encouraged to perform physical activity such as slow regular exercise which will
reduce the stress and will be helpful in keeping the brain healthy (Rakesh et al., 2017).
PART 4.
The plan has 6 aspects such as personal care, care in movement, Diet care, home
support, behaviour and care for personal activity. The personal care includes safe bathroom
to prevent falls for this patient, allowing the patient to be flexible, provide respect and
dignity. The nurse must encourage the patient to practice mouth care by hand-over-hand
technique. The nurse must allow the patient to choose his dress and also guide to wear which
will make the patient comfortable (Bourgeois, 2019). The mobility care that can be given for
this patient is wheelchairs, mobility scooters as the patient needs support to perform
activities. The meal planning for the patient must include low calorie diet such as fruits,
vegetables, limited amount of cholesterol, and protein (Morris, 2016). The home care can
include change of bed according to the patient preference, which will make him comfortable
with the atmosphere. The patient needs support such as occupational therapy and affective
communication and social involvement, which will help him to reduce stress. The patient has
immense interest in bathing which must be included in the plan as this will make the patient
relax.

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References
Berg-Weger, M., & Stewart, D. B. (2017). Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Persons with
Dementia. Missouri medicine, 114(2), 116–119.
Bourgeois M. S. (2019). Caregiving for Persons with Dementia: Evidence-based resources
for SLPs. Topics in language disorders, 39(1), 89–103.
https://doi.org/10.1097/TLD.0000000000000166
Cunningham, E. L., McGuinness, B., Herron, B., & Passmore, A. P. (2015). Dementia. The
Ulster medical journal, 84(2), 79–87.
Duong, S., Patel, T., & Chang, F. (2017). Dementia: What pharmacists need to
know. Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada :
RPC, 150(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1715163517690745
Lin, S. Y., & Lewis, F. M. (2015). Dementia friendly, dementia capable, and dementia
positive: concepts to prepare for the future. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 237–244.
https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu122
Morris M. C. (2016). Nutrition and risk of dementia: overview and methodological
issues. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1367(1), 31–37.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13047
Rakesh, G., Szabo, S. T., Alexopoulos, G. S., & Zannas, A. S. (2017). Strategies for dementia
prevention: latest evidence and implications. Therapeutic advances in chronic
disease, 8(8-9), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/2040622317712442
Stella, F., Radanovic, M., Canineu, P. R., de Paula, V. J., & Forlenza, O. V. (2015). Anti-
dementia medications: current prescriptions in clinical practice and new agents in

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progress. Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 6(4), 151–165.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098615592116