Care Planning: A Report on Models, Legislation, and Challenges

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CARE PLANNING

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Discussion........................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13
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Introduction
Care planning is highly essential for successfully applying nursing diagnosis with the help of
nursing assessment. Different models of assessment are analysed in this study as well as different
theoretical perspectives related to the care planning process are included here to improve care
planning and assessment. Regulatory and legislative framework for supporting diversity and
equality in care planning is evaluated. Benefits and risks of care planning as well as the
importance of leadership and teamwork for care planning are included in this study.
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Discussion
Compare and contrast at least two different models of assessment
There are different medical and social models of assessment that help nurses to improve care
planning and reduce issues in assessment.
The Nursing Process (APIE- assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation)
The Nursing Process or APIE framework identifies different types of nursing process that
includes essential core of practice to deliver patient-focused and holistic care. The process of this
framework includes,
Assessment
A dynamic and systematic way is used by the nurses to collect and analyse data related to
diagnosis of patient at the time of giving the nursing care. Assessment involves physiological
data along with economic, spiritual, socio-cultural, life-style and psychological factors (Hill,
2015).
Planning
The nurse set achievable and measurable long term and short-term goals to assess the health
condition of the patients. Maintaining adequate nutrition, assessing of data and providing more
frequent meals are involved in the planning process of nursing assessment.
Implementation
Nursing care is implemented as per the care plan and preparation of the discharge needs is
ensured in implementation process and it is recorded.
Evaluation
Status of patients and effectiveness of nursing care are analysed in the evaluation process
Assessment, Systematic nursing diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Recheck and
Evaluation (ASPIRE)
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There are different weaknesses in the original nursing process because two elements of problem
solving approach are missing in this model. Therefore, systematic nursing diagnosis, as well as
recheck and evaluation, are included in the Nursing Process. It is a systematic process through
which nursing diagnosis is made. It makes the implementation process more successful as nurse
can gather data and documents information to implement care (Peate, 2019). The nurse uses the
baselines that clarify and personalise patient situation and offer more understandable and
transparent care.
Discuss the application of theoretical perspectives in the care planning process
Two different theories related to the care planning process are Social care theory and
Behavioural theory. Social care theory improves care for people with long-term conditions. It
helps the healthcare organizations to take a systematic and structured approach to improve career
opportunities. Behavioural theory holds a belief that behaviour can be learned from external
stimulus (Bee et al., 2015). Classical and operant conditioning of behaviour are included in it and
through this process, the behaviour of persons and care planning can be changed through reward
and punishment.
Besides, as per psychodynamic approach, function of human is based on the interaction of
different unconscious forces within the person and it structures the personality. Systems
approach states that behaviour is influenced by a variety of factors like personal experience and
home environment of the patients and it changes their actions and thinking (Thornicroft et al.,
2016).
Explore how the legislative and regulatory frameworks that support equality and diversity
inform assessment and care planning
The regulatory and legislative frameworks are included in the care planning and assessment to
provide more effective services to the people and enhance diversity or equality in healthcare.
Care Act (2014) helps the nurses to provide individualised care. Health and Social Care Act
(2012) includes commissioning of care to promote comprehensive health service and ensure
improvement of mental and physical health of people (Legislation.gov.uk, 2019).
Mental Health Act (2007) and Mental Capacity Act (2005) help the people to ensure the care and
protection of individuals with considerations of mental health. Equality Act (2010) promotes
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diversity and equality in healthcare workplace as well as effective communication and cultural
implications for care is possible (Gov.uk, 2015). Data Protection Act (1998) helps the caregiver
to maintain transparency in recording and protecting patient information.
Evaluate the influence of different theoretical perspectives on models of care planning and
assessment in the workplace
Theoretical perspectives influence nurses care planning and assessment in the workplace as they
can successfully determine the processes by which the behaviour of the people can be
understood. Social care theory helps the organisations to create appropriate structure for care
planning that can improve quality of care. Behavioural and psychodynamic theories also help the
nurses to unconscious forces as well as external stimulus to encourage health condition of people
(Shen, 2015). Systems approach helps the nurses to evaluate the importance of home
environment and examine environment and experience of the people to build emotional support
and relationship with patients.
Analysis of person-centred care planning in practice
Contribution to the development and implementation of care plans
I firmly believe that person centred care planning contributes significantly to the continuous
process of development of care plans and structures with regards to future implementations.
Moreover, it allows healthcare institutions and agencies to determine the key areas of strengths
and weaknesses of existing plans and modify their structural systems to cater to the specific
needs and demands of the patients in a targeted manner.
Effective communication to promote individual’s holistic well-being
I always maintain proper communication with the patient to determine their individual needs and
perceptions about personal dignity as it is extremely important to maintain that and develop a
sense of trust with the patients to efficiently approach the concept of a patient’s holistic well
being. Engaging in efficient communication channels also helps establish a continued system of
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healthcare services where the patients develop a reliable relationship with the institution and
engage in recurring provision of services.
Management of risks in a person-centred way
The healthcare sector is relatively risky and bears a lot of reliance on individualised needs and
preferences that the professionals and medical associates must mitigate in a careful manner. A
person centric approach to the provision of services allows institutions to reduce the degree of
risk to a large degree and enables a highly optimised manner of provision of services.
Benefits of care planning
There are several benefits of care planning which includes the advancement of effective practices
regarding patient’s satisfaction. Care planning primarily deals with patients care in a steady
process which ensures improving the quality and health of patients. Care plan implements a
specific direction, for individual care. The planning is unique in each case with varies according
to the patient’s needs (Ali et al., 2015). Several other benefits regarding care planning are, it
helps to communicate and organise the actions of the changing nurses. If a patient is under care
he/she will be attended by nurses all day and night in different shifts. Care planning also ensures
to teach documentation regarding the action of the nurses that need to be carried out as per the
requirement of patients. If no documentation is planned, the required care provided will remain
questionable. Nurses with specified skills will assist their patients or clients in an effective
manner. Care planning also assures proper diagnosis of patients from skilled nurses, also
provides quality care, safety to the clients. Other benefits of care planning include frequent
check-up and diagnosis of patients, routine health tests and many others to provide patients with
an organised and comfort experience.
Challenges of developing care plans that meet the needs of the individual and achieve the
required outcomes
Healthcare professionals face various challenges during the development of care plan in order to
need the meet of the patients as well as achieve the required outcome. The challenges are
clinical, psychological, social, service and resource balance. Proper availability of doctors and
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nurses but no proper technology or instrument to conduct the particular diagnosis is a major
challenge which the healthcare professionals face while developing care plans. Several diseases
remain asymptomatic in nature which means a lack of explicit symptoms patients suffering from
those kinds of diseases suffers due to lack of proper details regarding the disease (Knapp et al.,
2018). This is a major clinical issue which the healthcare professionals face. Apart from that,
other challenges which include, ineffective communication among the doctors, nurses as well as
the patients. Arising issues regard the conflict of roles and responsibilities of among the
healthcare professionals which leads to huge negligence regarding the care of patients. To
develop a proper care plan and not taking account a range of every individual requirement leads
to inefficient practice by the healthcare professionals. Not being able to obtain proper consent,
unable to safeguard the confidentiality of patients, feeling unsafe to raise concerns are other
challenges of developing care plans.
Barriers to implementing care plans
The most common barriers which the healthcare professionals face are the lack of proper
communication. Several patients interact using the languages that they are comfortable with the
doctors and nurses these created a huge misunderstanding to identify and analyse the proper
disease of the patients (Farrelly et al., 2016). Other barriers faced by the healthcare unit in
developing care plans are lack of proper fund. Many patients cannot afford the expenses of the
diagnostic tests and other similar health check-up fees which lead to the inefficient preparation of
care plan. Further, cultural differences among several kinds of patients create a barrier in
preparing proper care plan by the unit which includes different dissimilarities in different
cultures and unalike way of response to the treatments (Pinkse and Groot, 2015). The healthcare
unit faces several complexities in taking account of the diverse requirements and needs of the
individuals. Unavailability of skilled and proficient healthcare units is also a barrier to plan
proper health care for their patients.
Strategies can be used to overcome these barriers
The Healthcare units must clear the communication channels in order to avoid any sort of
emerging misunderstandings among the patients and the care team. The units must recruit new
nurses and staffs knowing several languages to interact with the patients. The Healthcare team
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must provide insurance and other health care compensation for the betterment of the patients so
that the clients do not face any kind of issues regarding personal expenses (Dubb et al., 2016).
Early identification of diseases and issues by implementing new tools and devices will help to
overcome different barriers. Apart from that, active participation of all the healthcare unit
members, allowing effective supervisions, looking after the welfare of the patients, trying to
provide a proper care plan to the customers by offering planned services will allow the health
care unit to overcome all the barriers regarding the planning of care plan.
Individuals and their families contribute to the evaluation of care
Patients, individuals their families and relatives effectively contribute to the evaluation care as by
valuing the families and relative the communication improves which helps the healthcare units to
gain knowledge regarding the overall medical history of the patients. This enables the healthcare
members to prepare the care plan by giving proper priorities to the patient's families as well as
friends (Buck et al., 2015). Recognition of the right family member will assure the unit members
in preparing a proper care plan required for the patients. The idea of gaining knowledge from the
family members will help to understand the importance of the case. This will help the members
of the healthcare to address issues with effective plans. Thus engaging family, friends and
professionals play an important role regarding the contribution of evaluation care.
Impact can care planning have on individuals, their families and their carers
There are several impacts that care planning can create on the individual patients, their families
and the respective caregivers. The strategies provided in care planning helps in gaining a certain
direction of providing care to the clients. The individuals can get help in communication with the
nurses and their carers (Goff et al., 2015). Documentation is another aspect that care planning
can achieve. This further ensures that the caregivers have proper clarity about the roles they play
for providing the optimum support the care seekers need.
The families get also affected the care planning processes, as the psychology of the patient is
closely associated with the sympathy of the families. During crucial times, the patients always
need their family members beside them. The carers are an important part of the community as
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the taking control of the health of the patient is in their hands. Actions like feeding, dressing,
bathing and supervising the medications are all taken under consideration by the carers. Thus,
care planning plays a critical part in the independence and well being of carers.
Discuss the importance of teamwork and leadership in supporting individuals and families
in the planning of care
In care planning, teamwork is an effective aspect for the collaboration of the patients and care
giver. Besides that, communication also helps carers to make effective decisions for the
fulfillment of both the carers and the patients (Ocloo and Matthews, 2016). Both the units should
target towards a common goal so as to bring about positive results in the end. The teams
associated with healthcare plays multidisciplinary roles and distribution of the roles also
increases the productivity of healthcare. Teamwork also ensures that the patients are under safety
and nothing can cause them any harm.
The nurses and other health care professionals undertake a transforming leadership style to
improvements in the health care mechanisms. Therefore, strong leadership in care planning
requires effective knowledge and other leadership skills. This kind of leadership enables the care
providers to be empathetic towards the patients and their families (Dehlendorf et al., 2016). For
making the patients do their regular exercise and follow a proper diet, the leadership styles
enable them to complete these tasks in a time-bound manner. Moreover, in times of distress and
when the families of the patients lose hope, it is the care giver whose leadership roles play the
key role in consoling them and showing them a ray of hope.
Critically evaluation of own contribution to care planning
As a caregiver, I contributed extensively to care planning, and helped numerous families in times
of need. I managed all the relevant information of the patients such that they are maintained in a
confidential manner. The families also developed trust on me and they too felt the importance of
care planning for bringing effective changes in care planning for improving the conditions of the
patients.
However, there were certain drawbacks in my contribution as the patients sometimes felt
deprived of privacy. As I attended the patient all the time, they felt as commodities, whose well
being is only in my hands. I had to follow several rules and regulations and could not show any
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emotions during my practice as it could have lowered the morale of the patients and their
families.
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Conclusion
The above study mainly highlighted the idea of care planning which is a very effective process in
order to provide a direction regarding the type of care which an individual need to and the ways
of meeting the required needs. Further, the study shed light on the understanding of different
assessments of care planning, different models showing the process of care planning. Analyzing
the challenges faced by the healthcare team members as well as the strategies that are been
implemented to overcome those issues. The study also dealt with the barriers, which are been
faced by the unit members. Besides, exploring the importance of leadership and teamwork in
care planning along with the skills and values in relation to care planning had been discussed in
the above context.
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