Case Study: Analyzing Individual Determinants of Anna's Health

This case study explores the individual determinants of health affecting Anna, a four-and-a-half-year-old child significantly impacted by her father's accident. Anna's behavior is influenced by social learning, classical and operant conditioning, placing her in the preoperational and childhood stages of cognitive and psychological development. Her past experiences, particularly her father's accident, have led to aggressive and mistrustful behaviors, creating challenges for her mother, intake workers, and peers at the child care center. The analysis delves into the impact of learning principles, stages of cognitive and psychological development, memory issues, and the individual influences contributing to Anna's behavioral changes, highlighting the significant impact on her mother, Katrina. The case concludes that Chris’s accident has had a profound impact on Anna's behavior, leading to increased rudeness, aggression, and emotional distress, underscoring the importance of addressing these determinants for her well-being.

Individual
Determinants Of
Health

Introduction
• Anna is a four and half years child which is greatly affected by
her father’s accident.
• Her behavior is influenced by social learning, classical and
operating condition.
• She is in the preoperational and childhood stage of her
cognitive and psychological development respectively.
• Her past experiences such as her father’s accident made her
aggressive and mistrustful towards other, which creates
problem, especially to her mother.

Impact Of Learning Principle
• Anna learning behaviour is influenced by three type of
learning principle:
1. Classical conditioning- learning influenced when
biologically potent stimulus is paired with neutral
stimulus (Zhang, 2019).
2. Operating conditioning- learning attained through
punishments and reward (Watson, Maurer, &
Hundziak, 2017).
3. Social learning- learning attained through observation
(Juffer, 2017).

Stage Of Cognitive Development
• Anna is in the preoperational stage of cognitive
development according to her age.
Development is influenced by:
1. Pretend playing- Her opinions were influenced by
definite manner of rational (Bjorklund & Causey, 2017).
2. Egocentrism- she is not able to apprehend other person’s
perception (Barrouillet, 2015).
3. Centration- She is addicted or shows fixation with
specific characteristics (Scaffidi, 2016).

Stage Of Psychological Development
• Anna is in the stage of childhood of psychological
development.
Her behavior is impacted by:
1. Eagerness- Which influences her to explore the
surroundings such as workers rooms and playing
outside the center (Bornstein & Kessen, 2017).
2. Guilt – When her needs are not fulfilled and leads to
distress and anxiety such as crying and sulking
(Knight, 2017).

Issues With Memory Impacting
• Memory is the capability of brain to store, decode the
information and retrieve when needed (Eichenbaum, 2017).
• It changes the behavior and knowledge of the patient
based on their past experiences and information.
• For example, in case of Anna, her episodic memory is
making her more aggressive towards health care workers
and also toward child care center worker (Moscovitch,
2016).

Anna’s Behavior
• Anna’s is aggressive and mistrustful, which creates
problem to:
1. Intake workers- her behavior creates miscommunication
and become difficult to build rapport.
2. Mother- she is unable to handle her.
3. Children at child care center- children get physically
injured while playing.
4. Workers of child care center- she refuses to listen to them.

Individual Influences On Anna
• Her father Chris is having the strongest impact on
Anna's behavior.
• Chris’s accident posed a greatest impact on Anna's
behavior.
• Her impact is mostly observed in child care center and
at home according to her mother’s notes.
• Her behavior is also observed , whenever she is around
intake workers.

Anna’s behavioural change
• Anna’s changed behavior shows how much she is
affected with her father’s accident.
• She has become more rude and violent with the
children of childcare center.
• At home she has been observed crying.
• She remain disinterested during communication with
the intake workers.

Impact Of Anna’s Behavior
• The greatest impact of Anna's behavior is on her
mother, Katrina.
• Anna is extremely close to her parents as she is only
child. Hence after Chris's accident, her behavior has
impacted mostly to her mother.
• Impact of Anna's behavior on her mother is mostly
observed at meetings with intake workers and at home.

Behavioural impact
• Katrina is the mostly impacted person by Anna's behavior,
which is mostly observed at home and in meetings.
• Katrina often get depressed whenever Anna does not talk
with her.
• She gets disappointed when Anna dislikes the food
prepared by her.
• She gets disturbed by Anna's behavior during meetings
and has to give chocolates to silence her violent and
aggressive nature.

Conclusion
• Chris’s accident have a greatest impact on Anna's
behavior.
• She become more rude with others.
• She fights with the children of child care center.
• She does not listen to the intake workers.
• Her mother gets mostly depressed because of her
behavior.

References
Barrouillet, P. (2015). Theories of cognitive development: From Piaget
to today. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2015.07.004.
Bjorklund, D. F., & Causey, K. B. (2017). Children's thinking:
Cognitive development and individual differences. Sage
Publications.
Bornstein, M. H., & Kessen, W. (2017). Psychological development
from infancy: Image to intention. Routledge.
Eichenbaum, H. (2017). Prefrontal–hippocampal interactions in
episodic memory. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 18(9), 547.

References
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2017). Pairing
attachment theory and social learning theory in video-feedback
intervention to promote positive parenting. Current Opinion in
Psychology, 15, 189-194. doi;
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copysyc.2017.03.012.
Knight, Z. G. (2017). A proposed model of psychodynamic psychotherapy linked
to Erik Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development. Clinical
psychology & psychotherapy, 24(5), 1047-1058. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2066.
Moscovitch, M., Cabeza, R., Winocur, G., & Nadel, L. (2016). Episodic memory
and beyond: the hippocampus and neocortex in transformation. Annual
review of psychology, 67, 105-134.

References
Scaffidi Abbate, C., Boca, S., & Gendolla, G. H. (2016). Self-awareness,
perspective-taking, and egocentrism. Self and Identity, 15(4), 371-380.
Watson, L. S., Maurer, R. A., & Hundziak, M. (2017). Operant Conditioning in
Toilet Training of Severely Retarded Boys. In Behavior Therapy with
Children (pp. 96-101). Routledge. Retrieved from:
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351314435/chapters/10.4
324/9781351314442-8.
Zhang, L., Lu, X., Bi, Y., & Hu, L. (2019). Pavlov’s Pain: The Effect of
Classical Conditioning on Pain Perception and its Clinical
Implications. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 23(3), 19. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-019-0766-0.