Case Study on Type 2 Diabetes: Holistic Client Care and Challenges

This case study explores the challenges and complexities faced by a 60-year-old male, John, with type 2 diabetes. It uses a holistic approach, incorporating his past medical history, family history, drug history, and a review of systems to identify the root causes of his health issues. The study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care in managing type 2 diabetes and preventing complications. John's case reveals issues such as high glucose levels, a foot injury, family stress, and being overweight, all contributing to his condition. The analysis emphasizes the need for proper medication, stress management, and family support to improve John's overall health and prevent further complications. Desklib offers additional resources, including past papers and solved assignments, for students studying similar healthcare scenarios.

Component A
This study will discuss some challenges and complexity that client may face with type 2 d
issues (Jirakulsomchok, 2020). This component A comprises with both objectives and sub
For discussing holistic approach and past medical history, evidence-based approach will
from secondary research and data that type 2 diabetes led to complexity around d
different diagnosis process. Number of things have been discussed in this study that can h
health of John, 60 years old man who is suffering from type 2 diabetes. Some other
discussed in component A and part A include family history of client, drug history, review
examinations, demographics, and others. Aim of discussing all these things is to iden
reasons of the problem that client is suffering from. It can help care providers in ta
regarding providing healthcare services to service user or John. Managing type 2 diabete
as if it is not treated in a timely manner then it can lead complexion.Based on family h
history, drug history and social and personal history, service provider can improve over
user. By discussing causing factors of this situation and current medical treatment, health
be improved.
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Part A
Findings Literature support
SUBJECTI
VE
Identifying
informatio
n
John (Male),
Born in 1961
John was
diagnosed
with type 2
diabetes
with
mobility
issues
He was
diagnosed
at the age of
40
Regarding diabetes, it can be said that it is a group of non-commu
body finds difficulties in producing enough insulin. When human’s bo
produced glucose in an effective and appropriate manner then th
diabetes (Cheng, 2021). Type 2 diabetes is the one in which human’s
sugar in the bloodstream. High blood sugar level or this condition
nervous system.
Some common causes of this condition include lack of exercise, overw
with these, some other social and environmental factors may also
2021).
Some common symptoms by which it becomes easier to ident
excessive hunger, thirst, dry, itchy skin, blurry vision, frequent u
wounds. (Halim, 2019)
Some other problems that this condition cause to John and people
dark patches in the fold of skin, injuries, blisters. It takes longer to
feel symptoms at the time of diagnose such as pain and numbness. (C
Type 2 diabetes often occur in the people over the age of 45 and p
be diagnosed because of sedentary lifestyle and overweight. Regardi
is overweight, and it can be one of the main reasons of this condition
From secondary data, it is found that around 30.3 million people
among which 90-95% have type 2 diabetes. retinopathy, skin proble
damage and amputations are serious condition that people face
increases to the great extent and when they are not being treated
Wang and Zhang, 2021).
Presenting
Complaint
John is 60-
year-old
Specialized multidisciplinary community care providers play a vital ro
per the Canadian diabetes association guidelines, it is found that
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Findings Literature support
male
patient.
He has
presented
with high
glucose
level of
435mg/dl
and foot
injury or
wound in his
right leg for
25 days. The
wound was
due to
heavy object
fell on the
leg. There
was no
discharge or
redness, but
swelling was
present. He
cited the
pain as dull
and was
lasting for
past 2
weeks. Pain
aggravates
while
walking and
relieved in
resting.
should be inter and multidisciplinary as they find easier in providing
care as per the current requirements of clients (Taylor, 2020).
Allied healthcare professionals also play a vital role in diabetes
collaboration with healthcare providers and physicians also makes
situation in a cost-effective manner. people who make multidisc
management include primary care, specialist, registered dietitian, an
on this, it can be said that John can take effective treatment and care
him out from infectious foot injuries, gangrene and other critical pr
sugar level. By developing multidisciplinary care programs and inten
care providers can improve overall health of people with type 2 diab
2021).
It makes multidisciplinary community care providers able in educat
awareness regarding different types of diabetes and ways by
themselves.
But along with this, it can be said that John should take proper m
treatment to protect against complex challenges and problems, le
2020).
History of
Presenting
Complaint
He was not
able to
articulate
continuous
clinical
history
which was
obtained
from his
family.
The challenge regarding managing Type 2 Diabetes among the pat
amount of stress are more likely to have such kind of disease in easy
certain family issues with their kids as both his sons live far away fro
with his wife thus suffering from mental trauma and high amount
which is the major reason for Type 2 Diabetes. It has been identified
high level of stress hormones might stop insulin producing cells in t
properly and reduce the amount of insulin they prepare. Hence, th
development of Type 2 Diabetes among individual as thus in John as
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Findings Literature support
He is
currently
presented
with 2-3
main issues
such as:
 He
does
not
have
impro
ved
relatio
ns
with
his
family
as his
2 son
lives
far
away
from
him.
He
lives
with
his
wife
and
sufferi
ng
from
menta
l
traum
a and
tensio
n.
 Other
main
Although, studies have been evaluated that Type 2 Diabetes develop
that slows down the flow of blood among the body parts of the patie
well. This is the major reason that he is suffering from foot injury fro
Type 2 Diabetes makes it difficult for his body to deliver nutrients
injury heals slowly or may not heal at all from long time frame. Hig
John tend to stiff his arteries and cause narrowing of the blood vessel
healing (Sharp, 2021).
From various previous studies, it has been evaluated that Type 2 Dia
older adults, but it also increased even in younger ones because of
also suffering from obesity or overweight issues. Apart from this, it
that almost 90% of patients with Type 2 Diabetes are overweight and
John as well. He is also facing overweight issues due to which
inflammation enhances that lead to insulin resistant which in turn le
2020).
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Findings Literature support
proble
m is
painful
foot
injury
and
blister
s. He
said
that
he is
unable
to
walk,
and he
is now
depen
dent
on his
wife,
and it
makes
him
more
depres
sive.
His
wife
stated
that
painful
blister
s and
foot
injury
is
affecti
ng
him
physic
ally to
the
great
extent
.
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Findings Literature support
 As
John is
overw
eight
so, it
becom
es
difficul
t for
his
wife to
handle
him
and
make
him
walk.
Manag
ing
high
sugar
level
is
becom
ing
difficul
t for
his
wife
and
John
as
well.
Past
Medical
History
The detailed
history
about the
John was
gained by
speaking to
John with
the
assistance
of his wife
as she is the
one who
assists him
at every
Various studies evaluated that early symptom are the major things th
at utmost priority basis as this should be treated at very initial level.
diseases as well if not treated at the right moment such as heart and
blood pressure, Low HDL cholesterol, being overweight, depressio
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Findings Literature support
point of
situation.
However,
certain gaps
are evident
within the
history. The
discussion
includes
certain
aspects that
are
discussed
with the
John
involves:
 He
was
diagno
sed
with
classic
sympt
oms of
blurre
d
vision,
lower
extre
mity,
overw
eight,
by
checki
ng
blood
glucos
e
record
s and
hyper
glyce
mia.
 1996-
Vitami
n D
deficie
ncy.
emerging picture become one of the major issues for the patient a
period, the patient losses lots of his abilities and functionality of th
Sometimes it leads towards serious conditions of the patient a
medication or insulin injections on urgent basis to keep their sugar
Hence, if it has been diagnosed at the appropriate point of time
prevented and treated at an early stage. (Hunt, 2021).
Diabetes management is a lifelong procedure and hence act as
glucose control. It directly affects the glucose level which releases a
blood stream and this respiratory rate enhanced. Constant stress
release the hormones that affects the body in complete manner a
insulin. reference
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Findings Literature support
 1999-
Hearin
g
impair
ment
and
mobilit
y
issues.
 2002-
Blurre
d
vision
and
enhan
ced
hunge
r
issues
that
create
s
obesit
y.
 2003-
Stress
issues
Drug
History /
Allergies
Allergy
John
diagnosed
with skin
allergy
previous
year when
he was
diagnosed
for Type 2
diabetes.
Current
medication
 Sulfon
ylurea
s
It has been specified from various studies that diabetes can cause c
vessels, and these can cause skin issues and problems called diabeti
context of dark colored patches PR scaly patches (Haynes, 2021).
This group of medicine used to treat Type 2 diabetes as with this, the
properly and leading to elevated levels of blood sugar. This includes
glyburide (Kattupalli, Vesta et.al., 2019).
It is type of oral diabetic medications approved by the food and drug
disease mellitus in adults. This blocks the action of DPP-4 an en
hormone incretion. Incretions helps the body to produce more insul
and reduce the amount of glucose being produced by the liver whe
2019).
This specific drug improves glycemic parameters and helps to re
agents work by activating GLP 1 receptors in the pancreas which
release and reduce glucagon release (Febriani, 2021).
This drug is approved for use with diet and exercise to lower down
type 2 diabetes. It improves cardiovascular outcomes in high car
(Fegan‐Bohm, 2020).
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Findings Literature support
 DPP-4
inhibit
ors
 GLP-1
recept
or
agonis
ts
 SGLT2
inhibit
ors
 Insulin
Drug history
 Metfor
min-
(Com
mence
d
initiall
y in
Augus
t 2001
when
John
was
diagno
sed
from
Type 2
With this medication, pancreas responds which allows the glucose
provide energy. When insulin levels are high, excess glucose is st
2018).
This specific type of medication is utilized at very initial stage to lowe
by improving the ways the body handles' insulin. This is the primar
diabetes when diet and exercise alone have not been enough to
(Moroianu, 2020).
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Findings Literature support
Diabet
es).
Family
History
 The
family
history
of the
patien
t has
shown
that
john is
not
living
with
his
son.
 The
patien
t has
two
sons,
and
both
do not
care
about
john.
 John
has no
one to
take
care
of him
during
his
tough
times.
 It has
been
found
out
that,
there
was
no one
with
the
patien
As it has been found out, that the patient has no family support. T
emotional aspect of the patient. As the john is going through the ha
humans have a desire in relation of having morale support from their
and Nwabuo, 2021). But he has no support from his sons. It has
research that when the patients have no morale support. Then, it aff
the patient (Nissen-Lie, 2020). Same has happened with the john.
affected the physical ability of the john. And no support from his fam
has highly affected the mental health of the patient as well.
From various research it has been evaluated that, the mental heal
aspects is getting the physical recovery. No medicine can affect i
patients are mentally not stable. The mental health determines
patients. In john's case, the patient is highly affected in term of hav
mental health. No morale support from the family of patient is c
getting recover in the service user. It is important to understand the
patients while they are on a treatment (Harder, Lemoine and Harw
the big change in getting recovered.
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Findings Literature support
t,
when
he
came
for
check-
up.
 John
must
maint
ain all
his
respon
sibiliti
es by
own
withou
t
gettin
g
depen
dent
on
family
memb
ers.
Social and
Personal
History
John is
suffering
from issues
such as
stress
because
they live
alone with
his wife and
their both
sons stay
away from
him. Hence,
he is socially
not very
much
engaged
kind of
personality.
 Hobbi
es
were
From various research, it has been identified that high amount of
communicating with others within the society and to build relationsh
Juraschek, 2020). It also affects persons personal relationships as wel
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Findings Literature support
watchi
ng
Televi
sion
and
readin
g.
 Non -
smoke
r
 Doesn
’t
drink
alcoho
l
 No
history
of
drug
abuse
 Unem
ployed
 Reduc
ed
mobilit
y
Review of
Systems
Cardiovascul
ar System
John is
suffering
from high
blood
pressure as
well.
No chest
pains
No
shortness of
breath
 Inspec
tion
It has been identified from certain research that high blood sugar dam
as the nerves that controls the heart of the individual (Seferović, 20
are also more likely to have other conditions that raise the risk
increases the risk of high blood pressure with the enhancement
through arteries and can damage artery wall. This increases th
sometimes stroke. (Ma, Chen, Meng, Yang, and et.al., 2018).
Type 2 Diabetes affects many major organs which includes hea
kidney, and eyes. From varied studies, it has been evaluated that
likely to have asthma, 25% candidates are more likely to have chro
disease, 55% are more likely to have pulmonary fibrosis, a disease in
lungs interferes with the ability of the individual to breathe (Kaur, Kau
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