This report provides an analysis of contemporary management issues, focusing on the contrasting approaches of causation and effectuation in entrepreneurial decision-making. Causation involves setting specific targets and identifying the necessary means to achieve them, while effectuation emphasizes leveraging available resources and adapting to the dynamic business environment. The report discusses the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, highlighting how causation is often linked to strategic planning and target setting, exemplified by the STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) framework. However, it also points out the limitations of causation in rapidly changing markets. Effectuation, on the other hand, prioritizes flexibility and resourcefulness, enabling entrepreneurs to navigate uncertainty and create opportunities. The report concludes that while causation focuses on predefined targets, effectuation encourages innovation and adaptability, suggesting that a balanced approach considering both principles may be most effective in contemporary management.