A Comprehensive Essay on Obesity: Causes, Interventions, and Success

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of obesity, encompassing its causes, various intervention strategies, and the degree of success achieved through these interventions. The essay begins by defining obesity and highlighting its associated health risks, such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It then delves into the multifaceted causes of obesity, including genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of physical activity, and medical conditions. The main body of the essay explores different interventions, including dietary programs, behavioral modifications, and medical treatments, while also assessing the effectiveness of each approach. The essay emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to obesity management, considering both physical and psychological aspects. It also discusses the role of medications, such as appetite suppressants and hormonal therapies, in managing obesity. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and underscores the importance of adopting healthy habits and seeking professional guidance for effective obesity management. The essay draws on research and provides a valuable resource for understanding and addressing the complex issue of obesity.

ESSAY
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
The Main causes of obesity....................................................................................................3
Examples of Interventions......................................................................................................4
Degree of success...................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
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INTRODUCTION
The obesity can be considered as medically known term for state of human body which
has surplus accumulation of bulk and cellulite. It include deposition of fat molecules in tissues of
body which results into extra weight in body which generate risk of occurring other serious
health problem like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Pearl and
Lebowitz, 2014). Moreover, it is essential to adopt healthy eating habits and physical work out
which helps to maintain body weight and reduce risk of suffering from obesity. The present
essay will focus on health problem of obesity and related causer of the same. It will also include
interventions of obesity and their degree of success in order to make an individual disease free.
MAIN BODY
The Main causes of obesity
People are often categorised an OBESE when their BMI is over 30kg/m2 and being obese
hinders an individual from performing day to day task with ease & comfort. However, the
problem of obesity increase risk of developing more serious health problems such as high blood
pressure, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is necessary for an individual to follow
healthy habits regarding their diet and physical work on daily basis to maintain their body
weight. There are various kinds of habits which create problem of obesity such as eating junk
daily and lack of physical work out. However, obesity can take place after a long period of time
so that people should take care of their body size and maintain their balanced diet with work out
in order to reduce extra weight gain for remaining well-being (Dhaliwal and et. al., 2014).
Moreover, there are different causes which influence the creation of health problem i.e. obesity.
Initially, genetics refers to gene consisting character of obesity in ancestors may
responsible for occurring the same in next generation as the disease get genetically transferred to
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one generation to next. Secondly, the family lifestyle can be considered as cause of the given
issue by preferring same habits including extra eating and lack of physical activity in daily life.
Thirdly, inactivity results into not burning desired amount of calories on regular basis by
metabolism which create deposition of fat molecules in tissue of body and after a long time it
will become obese situation of an individual. However, unhealthy diet with high calories food
and lack of fruits & vegetables, full of fast food and laden with high calorie beverages which
facilitate extra weight gain in body. In addition to this, there are several medical situations which
contribute to addition fat gain in body such as Cushing's syndrome, Prader- Willi Syndrome,
arthritis and many other conditions.
At the other hand, certain medications remain side effect on body regarding extra weight
gain while not compensate with diet or activity. These mediation can consist diabetic medicines,
antidepressants, anti- seizure medications, antipsychotic medicines, beta- blockers and steroids.
Meanwhile, social & economic issues influence in an individual to become obese if in case their
friends or relatives have the same condition (Williams and et. al., 2015). However, factor of age
may also responsible for deposition of additional fat gain due to hormonal changes in body
which is required to be monitored and put efforts to maintain the size of human body.
Additionally, quitting smoking can be considered to be often connected with weight gain and
long term ignorance towards the same may results into an obese condition of a person.
Furthermore, lack of sleep is responsible for increasing appetite due to which an individual
prefer to intake food high in calories and carbohydrates that contribute to extra weight gain in
body.
Examples of Interventions
It has been recommended by doctor to choose responsible diet programme that include to
educate an individual about related issues like portion size, making changes to long term
behaviour and healthy eating. It include to focus on attaining gradual sustainable weight loss
besides of short term rapid weight loss accordingly. Initially, it is required to determine actual
cause of obesity i.e. organic or non- organic to make correct intervention for welfare of patient.
Secondly, need to conduct food diary on daily basis in terms of caloric intake, type & amount of
food, eating habits which help identify improper pattern of eating to make desired changes
(Beauchamp and et. al., 2014). Thirdly, discuss about emotions & events linked with eating for
determining emotional need to person of eat besides of physiological hunger. Meanwhile,
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formulate eating plan as per height, age and energy or nutrient requirements in body which helps
to reduce extra fat along with satisfying hunger of patient appropriately. In addition to this,
required to emphasize for avoiding fat diets because removal of necessary components facilitate
metabolic imbalance and reduce effectiveness of weight reducing program.
At the other hand, it is required to discuss about need self permission to include desired
food items as the denying self through excluding favourite food may send of deprivation, guilt
and failure. It will results into succumbs of temptation and facilitate sabotage weight loss which
is necessary to be avoided. However, determine realistic increment goals of regarding weight
loss in weekly basis as the excess weight loss create problem of fatigue, irritation or lead to
failure of objectives. It is required to take measurements regularly after specific duration of time
in order to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic regimen (Laine and et. al., 2014).
Meanwhile, need to analyse present activity levels and plan exercise program which helps to
decrease appetite, improve energy level, toning muscles, increase cardiac fitness and sense of
well-being. In addition to this, it is necessary to emphasize significance of avoiding tension at
mealtimes and not eating too quickly because tension free eating is needed for appestat
mechanism to evaluate that stomach is full. Moreover, it is needed to encourage patient to eat
only at designated place of table to avoid standing while eating as it which is effective to avoid
diet failure.
Degree of success
The above interventions are effective to solve problem of obesity and their degree of
success is described here. The discussion about restriction of salt intake and diuretic drugs is
required if use the same because retaining of water may be an issue due to increased fat
metabolism and fluid intake. However, conduct reassessments of calories requirements in order
to provide additional support due to occurrence of plateaus which can create distrust or cheating
regarding caloric intake that are not favourable for patient. Considering overall interventions
with their effectiveness, it is necessary to provide medications as per desired indications
provided by physician. Initially, appetitie suppressants drugs including diethylpropion (Tenuate),
mazindol (Sanorex), Sibutramine (Meridia) support patient during stress of lifestyle and
behavioural changes. Secondly, it is required to prefer hormonal therapy like thyroid
(Euthyroid), slevothyroxine (Synthroid) to solve problem of hypothyroidism. Thirdly, Orlistat
(Xenical) facilitate weight loss due to absorption of around 30% dietary fat and reduce risk of
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further regaining fat. Moreover, it is necessary to provide vitamin and mineral supplements to
fulfil deficiency of the same in obese individuals (Gurnani, Birken and Hamilton, 2015). People
that have worked towards losing weight by following given simple guidelines have improved
their health on large scale.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that obesity is caused due to several number
of reasons including lack of activity, eating unhealthy food or hormonal problem. However,
these situations can be recovered through following good and healthy diet with workout which is
suitable for body of a person. Moreover, it include guidelines of diet programme to treat obesity
by determining effectiveness of every intervention to make patient well-being.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Beauchamp, A. and et. al., 2014. The effect of obesity prevention interventions according to
socioeconomic position: a systematic review. Obesity reviews. 15(7). pp.541-554.
Dhaliwal, J. and et. al., 2014. Attrition and the management of pediatric obesity: an integrative
review. Childhood Obesity. 10(6). pp.461-473.
Gurnani, M., Birken, C. and Hamilton, J., 2015. Childhood obesity: causes, consequences, and
management. Pediatric Clinics. 62(4). pp.821-840.
Laine, J. and et. al., 2014. Cost-effectiveness of population-level physical activity interventions:
a systematic review. American journal of health promotion. 29(2). pp.71-80.
Pearl, R. L. and Lebowitz, M. S., 2014. Beyond personal responsibility: effects of causal
attributions for overweight and obesity on weight-related beliefs, stigma, and policy
support. Psychology & health. 29(10). pp.1176-1191.
Williams, E. P. and et. al., 2015. Overweight and obesity: prevalence, consequences, and causes
of a growing public health problem. Current obesity reports. 4(3). pp.363-370.
Online
Obesity. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-
20375742>
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