This report provides a comprehensive investigation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology within the context of the United States energy system. It begins with an introduction to CCS, its components (capture, transport, injection, and monitoring), and its role in mitigating climate change by capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The report then delves into the current state of CCS technology, discussing various capture techniques, transportation methods (pipelines), and storage options, highlighting both the maturity of certain components and the challenges of fully integrated commercial-scale projects. The impact of CCS on the energy system and other fuels is analyzed, including discussions on air pollution trade-offs and the energy penalty associated with CCS implementation. Technical developments, barriers and opportunities, and the policy context are also explored, culminating in a personal perspective on the technology based on the evidence presented. The report references various sources to support its findings, including academic papers and industry reports.
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