Biochemistry Major Project: Cellular Processes Literature Review

This biochemistry major project presents a literature review focused on cellular processes and their significance within the field of biochemistry. The paper begins by defining cellular processes as complex biochemical reactions that manage cell functions. It then explores the relationship between these processes and biochemistry, emphasizing their complexity and the need for multiple factors to ensure effectiveness. The literature review examines various studies, including recent publications, to analyze different researchers' perspectives. Key topics covered include the role of cellular processes in cell metabolism, genetic code, cell membranes, and protein synthesis, with specific examples like transcription and DNA repair. The review also delves into the impact of cellular processes on disease, such as cancer, and the involvement of proteins and posttranslational modifications. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of cellular processes in controlling and monitoring cell functions and suggests future research directions to improve the study's effectiveness.

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Cellular processes in biochemistry
Introduction
The argument of this study is the cellular process effectively changes the process of
biochemistry. The term “cellular processes’’ is defined as a system complicated cascades
of biochemical reactions. Such kind of process plays a major role in controlling and
managing the functions of cells in an effective manner. The aim of this report is to
analyse the concept of cellular processes along with their importance in the field of
biochemistry. In this paper, the relationship between cellular process and biochemistry
will be discussed. Mainly, cellular processes are more complex which needs multiple
key factors for delivering desired outcomes and to prevent ineffectiveness. A literature
review will be conducted in order to analyse the viewpoints of other researchers along
with their key findings on this particular topic.
Literature review
The cellular process is a part of biochemistry that deals with the cells’ physiological
properties, the organelles, structure and life cycle. In the last five years, there are
numbers of journal papers which were published on cellular processes and many
researchers had provided their opinions on this particular topic. According to a recent
study conducted by Bagriantsev, Gracheva, and Gallagher (31673), the concept of
cellular processes is completely based on the theory of cell biology that stated that all
organisms are composed of one or many cells. This theory also identified that all cells
are developed by the division of pre-existing cells.

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In this modern era numbers of biochemistry deals with the functions and structures of
the cellular process, for example, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and many more. A
recent study discussed how biological molecules provide cellular processes which occur
in the living cells. Moreover, the biochemistry involves a cellular process in various
fields such as cell metabolism, genetic code, cell membrane and protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis is one of the best examples that include cellular processes and it is a
part of biochemistry. (Lott et al. 210) conducted a study and identified that cellular
process like transcription; DNA repair and DNA replication are regulated by intimate
and self-reinforcing crosstalk. It is true that modification in the cellular process is
directly linked to the individual pathologies and biochemistry. Cellular metabolism is
the set of chemical reactions which occur in the living organism where cellular process
helps organisms for controlling and maintaining life of human (Nielsen and Keasling
1185-1197). Recent molecular and biochemistry studies have directly implicated
histone modification and cellular process. Cellular processes are mainly governed by
dynamic protein and posttranslational modification which lead to an alteration in target
functions. However, the cellular proteome involves various kinds of proteins which can
undergo cytokine thiol oxidation and cell process is linked with dysfunction and disease.
It has found that oxidants in biochemistry can be produced by using various cellular
processes, for example, catalysis and the electron transport chain.
It is discussed that cellular processes are extremely complex which need various key
elements to deliver desired results and prevent inefficiency. After critically evaluating
this paper, it has been analysed that the cellular process involves various chemical
reactions to control and monitor the functions of cells in the human body system.
Müller, Schumann, and Kraegeloh (1986) identified that cellular processes are

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completely based on biochemistry and biological functions. It has been found that the
cellular processes are directly relevant to the movement in the population level along
with metabolisms. Moreover, cellular biological systems have the potential to clarify the
molecular evidence and cellular assets of the individual body system. However, cellular
metabolism has two major parts such as anabolism and catabolism where each
metabolism uses cellular process for controlling the structure of organisms (Jiang,
Overholtzer and Thompson 47-54).
The process of crowding plays a significant role in the field of cellular processes
Maguire et al., (99). High levels of crowding increase protein aggregation in the body
due to which the problem of cell death occurs. It is analysed that reliable protein is very
important for controlling and managing the overall performance of cells. This journal
paper reviewed the cellular process for generating IL-16 and analysed the regulation of
cellular processes. A recent study identified that interleukin 16 is defined as the
regulator of various cellular processes involving cell recruitment and activation
(Richmond et al. 139). The research paper had identified the key factors associated with
interleukins 16 and critically evaluated the cellular processes.
Cellular processes include cooperation between different proteins and maintain
metabolism in the human body system (Loftus and Finlay 1-10). There are some well-
reported instances of this in microbial frameworks, including the co-restriction of
proteins related with consecutive strides inside an enzymatic pathway, once in a while
found as a hetero-oligomeric complex From previous study conducted by Alwine (100),
observed that mitochondria and the OXPHOS are not only responsible for the
production of large energy phosphates but they are also in included number of a cellular
process, for example, calcium homeostasis, cAMP signalling and apoptosis. The term

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cellular process also helps in human disease and provides a way to analyse the impact
of OXPHOS on schizophrenia.
It is suggested that in this modern era number of biochemistry deals with the structures
and functions of cellular processes including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolism
and other elements (Wang, et al. 1051-1055).
There are majorly three kinds of cellular processes involved in the field of biochemistry
such as polyamine synthesis, redox potential and methylation (Wallings, Manzoni and
Bandopadhyay 2806), Copper is a heavy metal that in the recent investigation has been
attributed an improving character in the field of cell processes (Ly, Linh, Yoshida and
Yamaguchi, 339). Kinase 1 family is a part of cellular processes used in the area of
biochemistry. It is analysed that cell biology is the study of the formation,
communication, death of a cell and structure of the cells. The cellular process involves
various biochemical reactions for controlling and monitoring the functions of cells in
the human body system (Bachrach, 19). In the field of metabolism cellular processes
includes complex sequences of monitored biochemical reactions. Such kind of cellular
processes allow organisms and metabolisms for growing, reproducing and managing
their fundamental structure.
A recent study conducted by Allenby et al. (9543) analysed that the threonine and
tyrosine process plays an affective role in the regulation of numerous kinds of cellular
processes that include in the field of metabolism and biochemistry. Mainly, cell biology
involves various kinds of cellular processes for controlling and managing the overall
function of cells. According to Błaszczyszyn, Karray and Keeler, the cellular processes
are the best way for understanding and analysing the health related disease. It is
observed that the cellular processes like transcription, DNA repair, and DNA replication

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are regulated with the help of an intimate and self-reinforcing crosstalk process.
However, the modifications of cellular processes are directly linked to the consumers’
pathologies. Cellular process basic hormone discharges from the nerve centre are
moderately hard to contemplate in the entire creature. Then again, learning of the idea
of instruments that manage hypothalamic capacity is imperative for total
comprehension of endocrine homeostasis. Subsequently, in the course of recent years, a
few agents have started to utilize separated hypothalamic arrangements to clarify the
physiological, pharmacological, and biochemical qualities of the hypophysiotropic
neurons. In the appendix, several figures and diagrams are highlighted by which the
cellular processes can be analysed and the first figure provided cellular steps for cancer.
The second figure shows the feedback between plasma membrane tension and cellular
processes. Synaptosomes are cellular compartments that include mitochondria,
synaptic vesicles and soluble constituents, bounded by a plasma membrane and it also
help metabolism and organisms for producing chemical reactions in body (Lott et al.
210). Summarizing a cell procedure outside the cell significantly encourages the
advancement of a robotic comprehension of that procedure. The method of in vitro
reconstitution empowers one to control the segments for a cell procedure, with nothing
pointless, to figure out what is totally required for an offered marvel to happen.
Conclusion
It is concluded that the cellular process change the fields of biochemistry in an effective
manner and it also helps for understanding health disease like cancer. This paper shows
the significance of cellular processes in biochemistry and reviewed the opinions of
other authors. From the above discussion, it has been found that the cellular processes
have the potential to control and manage the functions of cells. This report explained

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and evaluated the role of cellular process in cell biology and biochemistry. After
reviewing the literature section it is demonstrated that Cellular processes can be
governed by dynamic protein and posttranslational modification. In future research, the
authors will improve the effectiveness of the research by conducting a survey and
reducing the limitations of the current literature review.

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Works cited
Allenby, Nicholas EE, et al. "Diverse cofntrol of metabolism and other cellular processes
in Streptomyces coelicolor by the PhoP transcription factor: genome-wide
identification of in vivo targets." Nucleic acids research 40.19 (2012): 9543-9556.
Alwine, James C. "The human cytomegalovirus assembly compartment: a masterpiece of
viral manipulation of cellular processes that facilitates assembly and
egress." PLoS pathogens 8.9 (2012): e1002878.
Bachrach, Uriel. "Copper amine oxidases and amines as regulators of cellular
processes." Structure and functions of amine oxidases. CRC Press, (2018): 19-34.
Bagriantsev, Sviatoslav N., Elena O. Gracheva, and Patrick G. Gallagher. "Piezo proteins:
regulators of mechanosensation and other cellular processes." Journal of
biological Chemistry289.46 (2014): 31673-31681.
Błaszczyszyn, Bartłomiej, Mohamed Kadhem Karray, and Holger Paul Keeler. "Using
Poisson processes to model lattice cellular networks." 2013 Proceedings IEEE
INFOCOM. IEEE, 2013.
Jiang, Xuejun, Michael Overholtzer, and Craig B. Thompson. "Autophagy in cellular
metabolism and cancer." The Journal of clinical investigation 125.1 (2015): 47-54.
Loftus, Róisín M., and David K. Finlay. "Immunometabolism: cellular metabolism turns
immune regulator." Journal of Biological Chemistry 291.1 (2016): 1-10.

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Lott, Kaylen, et al. "Global proteomic analysis in trypanosomes reveals unique proteins
and conserved cellular processes impacted by arginine methylation." Journal of
proteomics 91 (2013): 210-225.
Ly, Luong Linh, Hideki Yoshida, and Masamitsu Yamaguchi. "Nuclear transcription
factor Y and its roles in cellular processes related to human disease." American
journal of cancer research 3.4 (2013): 339.
Maguire, Casey A., et al. "Triple bioluminescence imaging for in vivo monitoring of
cellular processes." Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids 2 (2013): e99.
Müller, Tobias, Christian Schumann, and Annette Kraegeloh. "STED microscopy and its
applications: new insights into cellular processes on the
nanoscale." ChemPhysChem 13.8 (2012): 1986-2000.
Nielsen, Jens, and Jay D. Keasling. "Engineering cellular metabolism." Cell 164.6 (2016):
1185-1197.
Richmond, Jillian, et al. "Regulation of cellular processes by interleukin‐16 in
homeostasis and cancer." Journal of Cellular Physiology 229.2 (2014): 139-147.
Wallings, Rebecca, Claudia Manzoni, and Rina Bandopadhyay. "Cellular processes
associated with LRRK2 function and dysfunction." The FEBS journal 282.15
(2015): 2806-2826.
Wang, Pin, et al. "An interferon-independent lncRNA promotes viral replication by
modulating cellular metabolism." Science358.6366 (2017): 1051-1055.

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Appendix
Figure: cellular processes for cancer
(Source: Bachrach, 19)
Figure: Feedback between plasma membrane (PM) tension and cellular processes
(Source: Wallings, Manzoni and Bandopadhyay 2806)