Cerebrovascular Accident Analysis: Mr. Kwon's Case - University Report

This report presents an analysis of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) case study involving Mr. Kwon, a 74-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and a smoking habit. The report examines the patient's symptoms, including right-sided hemiparalysis, aphasia, and facial drooping, along with his observations and diagnostic results, such as a CT scan indicating a probable left CVA. The analysis delves into the risk factors contributing to Mr. Kwon's condition, particularly hypertension and smoking, and their impact on cerebrovascular health. The report also explores the pathological results, including blood count, coagulation, and biochemical profiles, highlighting key parameters like aPTT and electrolyte levels. It emphasizes the importance of these tests in determining the prognosis and guiding treatment decisions, with references to relevant research on CVA, its causes, and related pathological mechanisms. The report underscores the lifestyle factors associated with the cerebrovascular disorders, providing a detailed overview of the case study.

Running Head: CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Response to question1
According to Mr. Kwon’s history it can be estimated that he suffered from
hypertension, congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among this hypertension
can be a major determinant or factor for the cerebrovascular accidents. From the case study it
is also seen that he was a chain smoker at one time that also contributed to his
cerebrovascular accident. High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the most important
factor that can develop cerebrovascular diseases. Hypertension exerts more pressure on the
blood vessels more than the normal pressure. When this situation persists for a long time it
weakens the blood vessels and then damages them that can eventually result in stroke and in
more particular cerebral hemorrhage (Santos et al., 2017). This is because the acceleration in
the blood pressure damages the walls of the arteries in the brain, which makes the formation
of blood clot inside the blood vessel. It can also cause the splitting or rupturing of the arteries.
All these factors contribute highly to cerebrovascular diseases. Another reason that can
increase the chances of cerebrovascular diseases in Mr. Kwon is excessive smoking. This is
because there are certain toxins in tobacco that can damage the blood vessels as well as it can
cause narrowing of the blood vessels in the brain. In atherosclerosis which results in the
accumulation of fats and cholesterol on the walls of artery it can restrict the flow of blood and
can result in the clotting of blood vessels leading to cerebrovascular disorders. Thus, the risk
factors for the cerebrovascular disorders are related to the lifestyle changes that is prominent
in his case (Arvanitakis et al., 2018).
Response to question 2
The pathological results of Mr. Kwon reflect the blood count profile, coagulation
profile as well as the biochemical profile. The blood count profile shows that the patient have
normal values that are either within the range or just below the maximum level. The
coagulation profile shows the level of activated partial thromboplastin time that measures the

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part of clotting pathway. The profile also shows the values of prothrombin time that gives the
value of the number of platelets in the bloodstream (Drouin et al., 2015). Leukocytosis is thus
an important parameter for determining the prognosis of the cerebrovascular disorders. The
normal range of the aPTT value should be between 30-40 seconds and the patient has a value
of 38 seconds. These tests help to know the right dose of medicine that can prevent the
dangerous clots. Although the values that has been mentioned in the profile are within the
range but they are more inclined towards the maximum range and that signifies that the
patient recently had a cerebrovascular accident. The biochemical profile highlights the range
of various electrolytes in the body of the patient. It highlights that the electrolytes have a
value which is more towards the lower value. There are a number of other biochemical and
histological changes that includes the various biochemical metabolites such as pyruvate,
lactate, glutamate and glycerol. These metabolites act as a marker for the cerebrovascular
injuries. Mr. Kwon should also perform the serum bilirubin, serum cholesterol, and aspartate
aminotransferase (SGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) levels. These tests are very
important within the early hours after the stroke as that is the most effective time for
designing the intervention (Raz, Knoefel & Bhaskar, 2016).
References
Arvanitakis, Z., Capuano, A. W., Lamar, M., Shah, R. C., Barnes, L. L., Bennett, D. A., &
Schneider, J. A. (2018). Late-life blood pressure association with cerebrovascular and Alzheimer
disease pathology. Neurology, 91(6), e517-e525.
Santos, C. Y., Snyder, P. J., Wu, W. C., Zhang, M., Echeverria, A., & Alber, J. (2017).
Pathophysiologic relationship between Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, and
cardiovascular risk: a review and synthesis. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment &
Disease Monitoring, 7, 69-87.

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Drouin‐Ouellet, J., Sawiak, S. J., Cisbani, G., Lagacé, M., Kuan, W. L., Saint‐Pierre, M., ... &
Calon, F. (2015). Cerebrovascular and blood–brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease:
potential implications for its pathophysiology. Annals of neurology, 78(2), 160-177.
Raz, L., Knoefel, J., & Bhaskar, K. (2016). The neuropathology and cerebrovascular
mechanisms of dementia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 36(1), 172-186.