Article Review: Challenges and Solutions for Indian Universities

This report presents an in-depth article review focusing on the challenges confronting the Indian higher education system. The review analyzes three scholarly articles, examining the factors hindering Indian universities from achieving top global rankings. The first article evaluates educational performance across Indian states, highlighting disparities and suggesting improvements. The second article explores the violation of children's educational rights, identifying social issues that impede progress. The third article investigates the role of open educational resources (OER) in overcoming barriers to higher education. The synthesis of these articles reveals common themes, including the need for government support, quality assurance, and addressing social inequalities to enhance the Indian education system. The report concludes by formulating a research question on how top Indian universities can achieve superior quality standards and attract international recognition, emphasizing the need for effective measures and policy changes to improve the overall educational landscape.

Running Head: ARTICLE REVIEW
Article Review
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Introduction
There is no doubt that the higher education has huge importance in the society. It has
been realized by almost everyone that higher education lead to a number of benefits such as
the financial security along with a prosperous career. The role of education in this 21st century
consists of improvement quality of life, the health and better opportunities in the society. This
paper will elaborate and provide an insightful analysis of the causes behind the lacks in the
educational upliftment of the country. It will be focused on finding out the weakness of the
Indian educational system at the international level. The challenges that the Indian
Universities are facing and not being able to compete at the global level will also be the
concerns of the paper. The failings at the implementation of appropriate measures in order to
improve higher education system at the Universities will be focused at. Moreover, in the
Indian education system, the Universities of India and others will be the key terms in the
entire paper.
The Research Question- The emerging research question of the study is that how top 10
Indian Universities can achieve the highest ranking at the global level?
Discussion of the Research Question- Education is the foundation of the society and lack of
education has always posed problem in the society and at the global level too. I believe that
research is always a premium way to satisfy the quest to find out the solution of the problem.
The aim of the research is to inform the action, prove a particular theory and contribute to the
development of knowledge in a particular field of study. There are in total 8-10 step for the
conduction of a successful research. The steps are such as identification of the topic, focusing
on the developed research question, particular theoretical framework, development of a
research methodology, delineation of the main variables, definition and measurement,
selection of a sample and collection of data, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing up

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and communication of the findings. I have also followed some of the peer –reviewed articles
in order to come up to the structure that has resulted in the effective research. Furthermore,
the articles have been chosen to present a literature review of the research. A literature review
is important as it gives a comprehensive overview of the topics related to the research
question. It provides the reader with an insight on which direction to go with in the research.
The gaps also have been identified in the research which needs to be bridged.
The world has so far realized the economic success of the states which are
determined directly by the education system of a country. It has the third largest educational
system in the world after United States and China. There are almost 1000 universities in the
entire country such as the central, state and the private universities. There are many top level
universities in India such as BHU and JNU (Banaras Hindu University and Jawaharlal Nehru
University) but survey has found that there is no such University of India which has ranked
under the top 200 global universities. This is the gap in which needs to be fulfilled in order
improvise the education system in India. This is the area that has attracted my attention to
research. My research paper focuses on the challenges the Universities are facing due to
which they are not being able to reach to the top level internationally.
The first article is titled as “Evaluation of educational performance of Indian states
using PROMETHEE-GIS approach” and written by Shankar Chakraborty, Puneet Kumar
Agarwal and Debapriyo Paul (2017). The authors have presented that Quality education is the
key to the success of a country. Taken for example, India aims at establishing a sustained
growth. The current scenario of the Indian education system is considerably weak and thus
efforts should be made for improving the present situation. The paper mainly compares the
educational performance quality across 28 Indian states for identifying which institutions
need more attention. In order to fulfil this objective, the authors have utilized a multi-criteria
decision-making framework. This framework has been used to enrich the evaluations along

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with the geometrical analysis for adopting the interactive aid methods. The article is actually
aimed at identifying the causes behind the poor enrolment ratio in some states while other
states have high student-teacher ratio. The findings of the study say that Goa’s educational
performance is the best among the other 17 Indian states and Bihar is lagging behind the
most. The results further imply that those states which are lagging behind can easily be
identified based on their quality of teaching, standards of equipment, the subjects the students
are taught, the period of time actual classes are given in teaching.
Taking the findings as a basis of the remedial actions, the authors have also suggested
ways of improving the performance of the ailing states. This method has helped in
determining the influence of the criterions on the overall rank of the state. Therefore, an
integration of the GIS and MCDM has been represented in order to evaluate the educational
performance. The study of this article implies that the Indian government should survey the
backward states and recheck the educational system of those states and invest on the
improvement. Hence, this article can be considered as providing a vital information
regarding the reasons why the educationally forwards states are forward and why the
backward ones are still backward. Few serious issues have been taken to the fore which will
be useful for understanding the disparity among the states in terms of educational
performance.
The second article is titled as “Educational Rights of Children: Issues, Challenges and
Solution: Journey of Independent India” and authored by Dinesh Chalal and Raj Kumar
(2017). This particular paper reflects on the pitfalls remaining in India’s educational system
which would be the causes behind the violation of the Children’s educational rights. The
researchers of this article have tried to find out the methods through which there will be equal
educational rights for all the children in India. They also discuss about the post-
independence educational system of India. According to the discussion, after India received

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independence, it became facilitated with the opportunity to provide equal education for
people from every part of the nation. They also received opportunity to modify their
educational policies, Acts and programmes.
However, the country is still many steps away from fulfilling the rights of children.
Hence, the authors have chosen to consider all the educational rights of the Indian children in
the context of free India. The paper has utilized the secondary education being collected
from different journal articles, books and the reports from various government organizations,
newspapers and others. The harassments are in the form of Child Trafficking, Child
marriage, Domestic violence and the violation of the rights due to the sexual abuses (Chahal.
& Kumar, 2017). The children of India are also suffering from the corporal punishments too
which affects even their basic education. Most of the students receive ill-treatment from their
parents or the teachers. They are being subject to consistent violence and long-term
psychological and physical damage which impairs all of their capacity to socialize and learn.
Hence, this article is a gem that highlights all the aspects which are relate to the hurdles
Indian children face from the beginning and stay backward in certain cases. It brings out the
dark facets of the society that pulls back an individual from proceeding ahead. The Indian
people have to become aware of certain factors and upbring their children accordingly or treat
another child supportively.
The third article is titled as “meeting the challenges of higher education in India
through Open Educational Resources: Policies, Practices and Implications” authored by
Archana Thakran and Ramesh C. Sharma (2018). The study examines the role of the open
educational resources in overcoming the barriers which come in front of higher education in
India. It also explores certain geographical disparities in education and the shortages of
qualified and trained faculties. The authors have also focused on identifying various OER
initiatives recently advancing the efforts of India to create solid institutional mechanisms.

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These initiatives are well-explored and designed to enhance the educational access by the
OER and also those which are designed to develop the skills. The authors have gathered the
first-hand information from the authors who are directly related to relevant projects. The
research findings further suggest that open educational resources have given various firms to
provide superior quality education to the people of India (Thakran & Sharma, 2018). There
are multiple approaches such as different institutional partnerships, professional networks.
These approaches have been highly supportive in making the policy makers and the educators
to realize the need for equity, expansion and excellence. The article is a string document
which reveals that still there are so many policy makers who are unaware of the OER and its
potential to improve the learning and teaching too. Lastly, the authors have recommended
that the awareness need to be increased among people and institutions should be agreeing for
the implementation of OER in India to distribute quality education in all parts of the nation.
Synthesis of the research findings
The above reviewed three articles have focused on the Indian Universities and
although there are certain common factors present, each one has been explained in three
different ways. Taken for instance, the articles have analysed the condition of the Indian
educational system and some way or the other directed the government to focus on that and
improve. The research also has provided insight into why the policies and the advancement
are not resulting properly. It has identified that the states of India are lagging behind because
children of India are deprived from many facilities and resources. They are being the victims
of the violence in the society, home, school or in other places. The harassments are in the
form of Child Trafficking, Child marriage, Domestic violence and the violation of the rights
due to the sexual abuses. The identified reasons which should be focused at are their quality
of teaching, standards of equipment, the subjects the students are taught, the period of time
actual classes are given in teaching. The three articles have pointed out that there are some

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places of the country which are ignored and put less focus on by the people, the society the
educators, the policy makers and the government. The articles have also pointed out that there
are some of the quality assurance related issues with the educational system of India and the
top universities. These three articles have formed a document where each of the aspects has
been discussed and each one support the research question.
Development of the Research Question
After going through the research works of the scholars, it has been found that there
are lots of changes which need to be done in the Universities of India. It is found from the
surveys that most of the Indian students are migrating to abroad for studies. The articles have
discussed the areas which the government and the educators in India should be prioritising
and improvise accordingly. This particular essay has found out the key factors responsible for
the unsuccessful nature of the Universities and other educational institutes of India. Thus, I
have developed the research question:
How the top Universities of India can achieve superior quality standards in the higher
education system of the country.
Conclusion
As a whole, it is apparent that the India Universities need effective measures for
attracting the focus of the international competitors. Hence, it has become highly important
to serve people with standard quality education to improve the situation of India. The
government needs to be equally supportive and monitor each and every part of the nation. As
per my views, the Indian system of education can be inspired from the top listed Universities
and develop innovative strategies. It will help to reach the goal quickly.

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Reference
Chahal, D. & Kumar, R., 2017. Educational Rights of Children: Issues, Challenges and
Solution: Journey of Independent India. Educational Quest: An International Journal
of Education and Applied Social Sciences, 8(Special issue), p.257.
Chakraborty, S., Paul, D. & Agarwal, P.K., 2017. Evaluation of educational performance of
Indian states using PROMETHEE-GIS approach. Benchmarking: An International
Journal, 24(6), pp.1709-1728.
Thakran, A & Sharma, R.C., 2018. Meeting the challenges of higher education in India
through Open Educational Resources: Policies, practices, and implications. Thakran,
A., & Sharma.