Leadership and Change Management: Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tours Report

This report delves into the critical aspects of change management within organizations, using Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tours as case studies to illustrate key concepts. It explores how changes impact organizational strategies and operations, examining the influence of both internal and external dri...Read More

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparison between two organisation with impact of change on an organisation strategy
and operations.............................................................................................................................1
P2 Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change affect
leadership, team and individual behaviour..................................................................................3
P3 Measure that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organizational
behaviour ....................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Different barriers of change and their influence on decision making....................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P5 Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change.............................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
...................................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Changes are important for a business organization to improve their performance. By this,
company easily attains their desirable targets in set time period. Mainly nature of business is
dynamic in nature and changes are essential for company to gain competitive advantage in the
market place. It is important for the firm to effectively adopt all changes and implement which
leads in attaining end goals and objectives in adequate manner (Anderson and Anderson, 2010).
With the help of this, company enhances their productivity in market place. Along with this,
understanding of changes is included as an important factor which helps in making a business
successful. Present report is based on two organizations where changes directly affect the
strategies and operational activities. Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tours; both companies consider
in this project which successfully operate their business in UK. The main objectives of both
organisations are to offer quality services and also promoting Great Britain. Along with this,
several leadership approaches are also mentioned which are related with entire changes in
business.
TASK 1
P1 Comparison between two organisation with impact of change on an organisation strategy and
operations
Changes define modification in policies, structure, procedures and other operational
activities of a business. In this, changes can be positive and negative so that it is important duty
of management to understand it effectively in order to get positive outcomes. In this context,
various small businesses adopt effective modification within their strategies which helps them in
increasing overall growth of the company. Further, various changes are considered in the
business which relate with firm’s policy, strategy, structure and so on (Aslan and Reigeluth,
2013). For attaining better results, manager has to make effective plans in order to implement the
same effectively.
Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tours are two tour organizations in the UK. Both are popular
and famous tour operators with their effective deal in this field. Thomas Cook is the biggest
business organization which operates their activities in various countries. On the other side,
Cosmos Tours is a small business organization in the UK. Along with this,larger business having
more risk and small business are relatively less in market place. In this context, there are valid
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comparison between both organization which define impact of changes on strategies and
operation are as follows:
Basis Thomas Cook Cosmos Tour
Changes in external factors If government policies,
customer’s view and economic
condition of country changed
then all these put negative
impact on business strategies
in which company needs to
modify their activities to make
their reputation in market
effectively (Bingham and
Main, 2010).
As small business, Cosmos
Tours operate their activities
micro level then it put less
interest on business strategies.
Structural change If any kind of structural
changes it impact on business
but it is not more risk because
some company already follow
hierarchy process within their
business.
This type of changes arise
when Cosmos operate their
business at larger level. In this
it negatively impact on
business activities.
Emerging technologies Thomas Cook is a larger
business so that they use
emergent technologies in their
operation. With the help of this
they improve their
performance. But some time
sudden change in technologies
needs more funds to buy new
technologies.
As per small business, Cosmos
needs to use effective
technologies for improving
their performance. Emerging
technologies required more
funds which increase their
finance burden.
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Along with this, it is an importance duty of manager as well as leader to make effective
strategies to effectively deal with entire changes (Branson, 2010). With the help of this, they
reduce negative impact on business organizations. In this, management frames a plan and sudden
changes strategies. Strategy: Changes impact on business in a positive and negative way so that, it is
important responsibility of leader to deal with effectively and motivate their staff
members (How to Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization, 2018). In this
small and larger business needs to modify their entire strategies effectively to reduce
negative aspect and convert in positive way. Along with this, external factors directly
impact on business in which company has to make an effective action plan as well as
conduct PRST to deal with it effectively. Operations: It is an important duty of manager to improve their operational activities in
which they use new as well as advanced technologies in order to gain positive outcomes
in an appropriate way.
Hence, by effectively formulating strategies, leader as well as manager improve the
operational activities of business in an appropriate way.
P2 Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership,
team and individual behaviour
Change management defines the implementation of all tools and techniques in business
activities in order to deal with effectively and attain profitability. With the help of change
management, company easily achieves desirable outcomes. Along with this, modification
directly impacts on team, individuals and leadership which is managed by the leader to improve
their performance level. Furthermore, internal and external change drivers also impact on
business which analysis by leader to manage all the negative impact effectively. In this, there are
some external changes which impact upon team, individuals and leadership of the company: Customer led drivers: It is an important thing which hugely impact on business
organization due to change in customers taste and preferences. In this, Thomas Cook and
Cosmos leader have to considered effectively by frame all the suitable strategy
appropriately (Carrington, Deppeler and Moss, 2010).
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 Technology led drivers: For attaining competitive advantage business use new
technologies. In this technology drivers included as beneficial so that leader as well as
individual considered it effectively to attain positive outcomes in more effective manner. Investors led drivers: If number of investor increase in business that it also improve
performance level of the company. It is also a change which take place in company and
its activities (Doppelt, 2017). Competitors led drivers: Rapid change in market, competitors number are also increased
as many small business operate their business at larger level. In this Thomas Cook make
effective place in market place.
 Government led drivers: Changes in legislation as well as policies directly impact upon
the overall business activities. For this, Thomas Cook and Cosmos have to conduct PEST
analysis which help in dealing with this effectively. In this, they make suitable strategies
to reduce its negative impact upon leadership, team and individuals within company.
Along with this there are some anther tools which helps in managing external drivers of change
is PEST analysis: Political: It is important for both Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tours to determine their
political factors in order to manager all the negative impact effectively. Change in
policies and legislation impact on company due to provide rights to employees. Economical: This factors influence the individual behaviour in which management have
to provide sufficient remuneration to employees which helps in improving the economy
condition. Fluctuation in economy condition directly impact in individuals and its
working behaviour.. Social: Change in lifestyle, attributes and many more directly impact on working process
of the company. In this leaders have to identify current market trend in order to serve
quality services to their customers. In this context, Thomas Cook have to determine
customers perspectives in order to use effective media to communicate with customers
effectively and provide them same.
 Technological: Rapid change in technologies affect the overall business activities so that
it is important for business to use new technologies to improve their performance by
compile it with individuals interest (Finnigan and Stewart, 2010).
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Along with this, internal factors also considered as a drivers which impact on leadership,
team and individuals of the company. So that management of the company have to set their
strategies effectively to attain positive outcomes in most effective manner. Strength: Thomas Cook is famous company in which they easily deal with all kind of
changes effectively by using sufficient resources (Fullan, 2014). In this chance of
negative influences is very low. On the other side, Cosmos Tours does not have enough
resources to deal with changes because they operate their activities at small level. Weakness: Thomas Cook largely impacted by political as well as technological changes.
It define negative impact in which leader as well as individuals have to formulate their
strategies to make better improvement. Hence overall working of the team get affected by
this ion which they reduce their concentrated towards their target and goals.
 Opportunities: Thomas Cook wants to deal with their various customers at larger level.
In this individual become more effective which leads in taking strong place in marker
place. On the other side, Cosmos start also have opportunity to operate at vast level in
which they provide facilities to individuals in improve their activities and also attain
better results theory their leaders.
P3 Measure that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organizational behaviour
Changes are define their positive and negative impact on business so that it is important
for manager to use effective measures to reduce the negative impact of all the changes in entire
organizational behaviour. With the help of this company gain positive results in appropriate
manner. Several employees in firm never want to accept changes due to there are distinctive
thoughts which will provide an adverse affect to success and growth of the company. So that it
is important for management to use effective stage which reduce the adverse impact on
organizational behaviour. Creation of pathway: It is one of the important step in which manager of the company
create an effective path which helps in communicating with every employees. By this
they easily provide them information about new initiatives. Explain about plans: It is also an important and effective way to deal with changes and
its alteration in which manager of the company define effective strategies to manager
negative impact of changes and also make employees able to perform effectively (Fyke
and Buzzanell, 2013).
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 Participation in meetings and seminars groups: It is also an effective way to deal with
all changes which aid in reducing the negative impact by taking team meeting to deliver
appropriate frame in effective way. Thus participation in meetings as well as seminar
groups aid in managing all the changes in significant manner. Manage planning and its implementation: It is important for management to needs to
identify individual for each and every group which helps in dealing with changes in
effective manner. So that it is major work for manager to make as well as manage plan
and implement it effectively (Hintz and Bahia, 2013).
 Implementation of plan with suitable goals and targets: It is last step which helps in
implementing the strategy to effectively adopt all the changes. Thus, business have to
make an effective process to manage changes effectively which leads in reducing the
negative impact within the organization.
For attaining positive outcomes, it is important for Thomas Cook to implement this
strategy to manage all the changes in more effective manner. With the help of this, company
easily get positive outcomes. In this Thomas Cook use Burke Litwan model which helps in
evaluating relationship among 12 organizational dimensions. In this all these factors related with
external surroundings in order to manage it effectively.
TASK 2
P4 Different barriers of change and their influence on decision making
This theory evaluated by Edgar Schien professor of management Emeritus. It define
organisation culture and leadership effect. The main reason of arising barriers is culture
difference which is used by workers in business organization. Along with this, if manager take
decision towards improvement of products, supply chain, adoption of advance technology. The
main barriers arise relate with external adoption and internal process. Other barriers is relate with
time and culture structure which impact on business opportunities in adverse way.
Self efficiency perceptions and resistance to change:
When changes are adopt in business culture then employees working in organization
make their self perception according to change. In this some employees did not accept new
culture and considered as a negative aspect within their career growth (Inozu and et. al., 2011).
So that its crate barriers for leader because they does not change their thinking and thoughts.
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Loss of time and energy is also as a negative perception in which leader take ideas to convert
into positive way.
Force field analysis:
This hypothesis given by Kurt Lewin which help culture change but at same time it create
unfavourable judgement against this model (van, Kuipers and Groeneveld, 2015). In this leader
struggle to take best decision. In this barriers create due to loss of staff overtime, staff fear
towards the new technologies and impact of external surroundings.
Case study:
In this leader undertake market research and then set a team meeting. In this they give
different case studies to employees is to get their their point of view. But it create barriers due to
vast discussion with employees. Along with it is difficult for leader to find out relevant as well as
logical views and opinion. Hence this case study is also also considered in decision making
process.
Situational resistance to change:
In this style all the organizational changes are complete as per task and company
objectives. The main reason of this is to set specific time limit of work. In some case leader of
company evaluate their employees performance and provide them work accordingly.
TASK 3
P5 Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change
Situational leadership approach is one of the effective which depend on leaders
behaviour. In this leader cannot believe on single management style but at the same time they
tries to make flexible style to get positive outcomes in more effective manner. Basically it is
more effective to determining that how much individual perform their task and objectives. In
context of Thomas Cook, it is fastest growing company which needs to follow situational
leadership style in order to set their task in appropriate manner.
Kotter's 8- step Change model:
This model is more effective which helps in implementing all the changes within the
organization which helps in improving the performance level of the company. In this first three
steps define suitable environment for change and another two aid in effectively linking the
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changes within surroundings (Thomas and et. al., 2013). And last steps are relate with final
implementation of the changes. Increase urgency: In this, company have to aware about urgency by adopting changes
which aid in improving employees performance level. Basically it is an important to
communicate with all the people about entire threats and opportunities which aid in
implementing all the changes in effective manner. Build guiding team: Under this model leader put efforts to establish an effective team
which helps in changing condition accordingly. Basically the main objective of this is to
create better coordination among all the team members. With the help of this company
improve their performance level by delegating all the task according to workers
capability. Develop the vision: This model define company vision so that each and every person
effectively understand organization needs to attaining better results. With the help of this
company achieve appropriate goals in effective manner. Communicating for buy in: Under this step leader understand employees opinion and
view while setting company vision which helps in implementing effective activities by
using appropriate communication. Empower Action: Company has to eliminate all issues so that they will take an adequate
action relating to empowering. Create short term wins: In this company required short term goals which helps in
providing continuous process to get positive results. Don't let up: In this step company focus of multiple goals alternatively of single goals
which helps in attaining positive results.
 Make change stick: Under this last step all king of changes are implement within the
company to attain better as well as positive results (Nahavandi, 2016).
Hence, Thomas Cook is one of the biggest your operator company and have knowledge
about customers perspectives in order to attain profitability level in appropriate manner. So that
company required better implementation and manage all the activities to set its objectives
effectively. This model helps in managing all the changes which leads in attaining long term
benefits in most effective manner.
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CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that understanding changes is must
for business organization to improve their performance level. In this leadership play vital role for
managing all the changes effectively. In this various strategies and action plan prepare by leader
to reduce negative impact of changes upon on business and its activities. Along with this,
internal and external change driver also helps in determining the impact of changes on company
policies. Furthermore, various barriers are also affect the decision making process in which
manager and leader prepare appropriate strategies to manage all the changes effectively.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anderson, D. and Anderson, L. A., 2010. Beyond change management: How to achieve
breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley & Sons.
Aslan, S. and Reigeluth, C. M., 2013. Educational technologists: Leading change for a new
paradigm of education. TechTrends. 57(5). pp.18-24.
Bingham, D. and Main, E. K., 2010. Effective implementation strategies and tactics for leading
change on maternity units. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing. 24(1). pp.32-
42.
Branson, C. M., 2010. Leading educational change wisely. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Carrington, S., Deppeler, J. and Moss, J., 2010. Cultivating teachers' knowledge and skills for
leading change in schools. Australian journal of teacher education. 35(1). pp.1-13.
Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for
business, government and civil society. Routledge.
Finnigan, K. and Stewart, T., 2010. Leading change under pressure: An examination of principal
leadership in low-performing schools. Journal of School Leadership. 19(5). pp.586-618.
Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John
Wiley & Sons.
Fyke, J. P. and Buzzanell, P. M., 2013. The ethics of conscious capitalism: Wicked problems in
leading change and changing leaders. Human Relations. 66(12). pp.1619-1643.
Hintz, C. and Bahia, H., 2013. Understanding mechanisms leading to asphalt binder fatigue in
the dynamic shear rheometer. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 14(sup2). pp.231-
251.
Inozu, B. and et. al., 2011. Performance improvement for healthcare: Leading change with lean,
six sigma, and constraints management. McGraw Hill Professional.
Nahavandi, A., 2016. The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson.
Thomas, T. and et. al., 2013. Leading change and innovation in teacher preparation: A blueprint
for developing TPACK ready teacher candidates. TechTrends. 57(5). pp.55-63.
van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B. and Groeneveld, S., 2015. Held back and pushed forward: leading
change in a complex public sector environment. Journal of Organizational Change
Management. 28(2). pp.290-300.
Online
How to Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization. 2018. [Online]. Available
through :<http://smallbusiness.chron.com/overcome-resistance-change-organization-
154.html>.
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