Research Paper: Chemicals in Cosmetics and Health Risks (NIT6041)

This research paper, titled "Effect of Chemicals Present in Cosmetic Products on Health of a Customer," investigates the impact of chemicals found in cosmetics on human health, with a specific focus on the potential risks of cancer. The study employs a quantitative research method, primarily relying on secondary data collected from sources such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and peer-reviewed journals. The research design is explanatory, using an experimental approach to test the hypotheses. The methodology includes a deductive research approach and a positivism research philosophy. The data analysis incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods, including literature reviews and statistical techniques such as regression analysis. The paper examines the effects of chemicals such as Titanium Dioxide and their correlation with increased cancer risk, aiming to identify the side effects of cosmetic products and raise awareness among users. The research considers various factors, including the types of chemicals used, the number of people affected, and the types of side effects. The paper's conclusion is drawn from the statistical analysis of the data and the literature review of the subject.

Running head: THESIS 2
What Type Of Cosmetic Causes the Type of Cancer And Range Of Risk Caused By The
Cosmetics
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1THESIS 2
Introduction:
The methodology of a research describes the execution procedure of the research method and
the chosen tools. The methodology has five major part in it namely research philosophy,
research design, research approach, data collection method, sampling strategy and data
analysis method. By following these points, the research can come to the conclusion.
Therefore, the purpose of this research method is to examine the current scops and finding the
research strategies to explore the direct impact of using chemicals in cosmetics on a health of
the users, while finding the impact of Titanium Dioxide and the risk of cancer.
In order to conduct the research the research questions are presented below:
R Q 1: What is the direct impact of use of chemicals in cosmetics on the health of person?
R Q2: what is the impact of Titanium dioxide chemical present in cosmetic on high risk of
cancer?
This research also has two hypotheses to test, those are :
Hypothesis 1: The use of chemicals in cosmetics has the direct impact on the health of
person.
Hypothesis 2: Titanium dioxide chemical present in cosmetic has the significant high risk of
cancer.
Hence, the research design, data collection method and data analysis method have been
chosen according to the research scope and availability of research tools. The justification of
the selection procedure of research method will also be incorporated in the following section.
Research Design:

2THESIS 2
The research design is the major part of the research that allows the research to develop the
research structure based on either field-based research or secondary research. The
formulation of appropriate research design is dependent on the research philosophy and
research approach. Research philosophy can be either positivism, interpretivism or realism.
Considering the purpose, which refers to exploring the direct impact of using chemicals in
cosmetics on a health of the users, the research philosophy is positivism [1]. Through the
positivism research philosophy this research has been conducted collecting the data from
field based study. The field of selection is large, therefore the numerical data was needed,
which can be possible by choosing the positivist philosophy. On the other hand, this research
is based on the pre-determined hypothesis. Hence, among the inductive, deductive and
abductive research approach, the deductive research approach has been chosen. Through the
deductive research approach, the hypotheses can be testified by using various tools.
Considering the positivism research philosophy and the deductive research approach, this
research needed a design that can allow the researcher to explain the chosen variables and
determined hypotheses. The research design can be either exploratory, explanatory and
descriptive. Hence, for this research the explanatory research design has been used. On the
other hand, in health and social care study the study design can also implemented through
cross-sectional study, longitudinal study, observational study, experimental study and non
experimental study. For this research, the experimental research design has been used.
Data collection:
The data collection is a procedure through which a research can collect data through using
appropriate tools to collect data either from real-time field or from anther research. The data
collection procedure determines the viability and reliability of data analysis process as well as
the formulation of conclusion. The data collection process is either primary or secondary data

3THESIS 2
collection [2]. The primary data collection is based on collecting the data from real-time field
using the tools like survey, interview, laboratory experiment, observation and others. On the
other hand, the secondary data collection is based on collecting the secondary data from
various article, journals, literatures, case studies, published report and other secondary
resources.
In this research, only the secondary data collection has been used considering the numerical
data collection from various authorised health and social care publications and
epidemiological reports. For secondary data collection, the statistical report published by the
World Health Organisation (WHO), experimental data from peered review journals has been
considered. These statistical data sets includes the percentage and types of chemicals used in
cosmetics products, number of effected persons, the types of side effects and other factors has
been considered. The data collection process has been done by aiming at the research
questions. For both of the research question of this research the secondary data collection has
been done.
Sampling:
The sampling is the strategy of determining the selection of the resources from a vast group
of selectable options. For the primary data analysis the sampling determines the unique
objects on which the record keeping process can be executed. For example in survey based
data collection the samples refers to the participants of the survey procedures [3]. The
sampling process needs to considered two factors namely the sampling strategy and the
sampling size. The sampling size refers to the number of samples collected or uses to develop
the database of collected data. In this research the 20 articles, published reports and other
types of secondary data resources have been used. Therefore, the sample size of this research
is 20. The selection of this sample can be done trough sampling strategy.

4THESIS 2
Two types of sampling strategies have been used namely the probability sampling and the
non-probability sampling. The probability sampling refers to the selection process where the
samples are selected randomly without considering and selection criteria [4]. On the contrary,
the non-probability sampling is a systematic sample selection process using a group of
selection criteria. In this research the chosen secondary data has been selected by using
exclusion and inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria of selecting the secondary resource are
the secondary sources had to consist of numerical analysis, large sample size, statistical data
sets on cancer, data set regarding cosmetic uses, component of cosmetics product. The
exclusion criteria are non-peered review resources, unauthorised data sources and qualitative
analysis.
Data analysis:
The data analysis process is the major part of any research that determines the authenticity
and the reliability of the findings and conclusion. The data analysis process can be done
through qualitative or quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis is used to analyse the
non-numeric relationship of various variables or factors through which the research has to
explore or examine the topic. On the other hand, the quantitative data analysis is a process of
numerical data analysis where the statistical and mathematical analysis process are used to
find out the results. In this research both qualitative and quantities data analysis has been
used. For qualitative data analysis the literature review has been used while focusing on
various crucial themes under this topic namely chemical components of cosmetics, impacts of
chemicals on skin, reports of WHO regarding skin cancer and others [5]. On the other hand or
quantitative research the statistical method has been used considering the descriptive
statistics, statistical regression, ANOVA test, graphical presentation, graphical trend-line
analysis and others.

5THESIS 2
The regression analysis has been used for statistically check the viability of the assumed
hypothesis. Hence, the p-value has been identified as a significant value. The adjusted R
value has been compared to determine where the statistical report is feasible for most of the
samples or not. For significant testing the 0.05 has been used as probability value. For the p-
value greater than 0.05 the null value has been accepted and the alternative hypothesis has
been rejected. On the other hand, for the value lower than 0.05 the null hypothesis has been
rejected and alternative hypothesis accepted [6]. For example the following data has been
presented to find out the relationship between two variables.
Presents of harmful chemicals in percentage Rate of Cancer patient for cosmetics usage
12 1260
26 2490
19 1500
20 1550
17 1460
22 1760
27 2645
From the above table the following descriptive analysis can be done:
Presents of harmful
chemicals in
percentage
Rate of
Cancer
patient for
cosmetics
usage
Mean 20.42857143 Mean 1809.285714
Standard Error 1.96222836
Standard
Error 204.1720463
Median 20 Median 1550
Standard Deviation 5.191568256
Standard
Deviation 540.1884592
Sample Variance 26.95238095 Sample 291803.5714

6THESIS 2
Variance
Kurtosis -0.245531846 Kurtosis -0.894459264
Skewness -0.302610822 Skewness 0.952738118
Range 15 Range 1385
Minimum 12 Minimum 1260
Maximum 27 Maximum 2645
Sum 143 Sum 12665
Count 7 Count 7
In regression analysis
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.92634
2
R Square 0.85811
Adjusted R
Square
0.82973
2
Standard Error
222.901
2
Observations 7
ANOVA
df SS MS F
Significanc
e F
Regressio
n 1
150239
7
150239
7
30.2384
8 0.002717
Residual 5
248424.
6
49684.9
3
Total 6
175082
1
Coefficient
s
Standard
Error t Stat P-value
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
Lower
95.0%
Upper
95.0%
Intercept -159.76 367.85 -0.434 0.682 -1105.36 785.83
-
1105.36 785.83
Presents of
harmful
chemicals
in
percentage 96.38 17.528 5.4989 0.0027 51.329 141.44 51.329 141.44

7THESIS 2
After analysing the statistically the significance F value will be considered to test the
hypothesis. For a significance F value, which is smaller than the probability value P (0.05),
the hypothesis will be considered accepted and justified. However, for a significance F value,
which is greater than the probability value P (0.05), the hypothesis will be rejected. By testing
the hypotheses, it can be conclude where the impact of chemical used in the cosmetics
product on health is true or false.
To measure that direct impact of use of chemicals in cosmetics on the health of person, the
mean value distribution and information of literature review will be considered. Similarly, to
measure the impact of Titanium dioxide chemical present in cosmetic on high risk of cancer
the research will focus on the secondary data which has been found from literature review.
Summary:
Considering the purpose, which refers to exploring the direct impact of using chemicals in
cosmetics on a health of the users, the research philosophy is positivism. For this research,
the experimental research design has been used. Hence, for this research the explanatory
research design has been used. In this research, only the secondary data collection has been
used considering the numerical data collection from various authorised health and social care
publications and epidemiological reports. In this research 20 articles, published reports and
other types of secondary data resources have been used. In this research, the chosen
secondary data has been selected by using exclusion and inclusion criteria. The inclusion
criteria of selecting the secondary resource are the secondary sources had to consist of
numerical analysis, large sample size, statistical data sets on cancer, data set regarding
cosmetic uses, component of cosmetics product. The exclusion criteria are non-peered
review resources, unauthorised data sources and qualitative analysis. The regression analysis
has been used for statistically check the viability of the assumed hypothesis. For qualitative

8THESIS 2
data analysis the literature review has been used. On the other hand for quantitative research
the statistical method has been used considering the descriptive statistics, statistical
regression, ANOVA test, graphical presentation, graphical trend-line analysis and others.

9THESIS 2
References:
[1]A., Chisvert, J. Benedé, and A. Salvador, (2018). Tanning and Whitening Agents in
Cosmetics. Analysis of Cosmetic Products, pp.107-121.
[2]A, Chisvert, B, Juan L. and S. Amparo "Tanning and Whitening Agents in Cosmetics:
Regulatory Aspects and Analytical Methods." In Analysis of Cosmetic Products, pp. 107-121.
Elsevier, 2018.
[3]A, Chisvert, M, Pablo., and S., Amparo "Hair Dyes in Cosmetics: Regulatory Aspects and
Analytical Methods." Analysis of Cosmetic Products. Elsevier, 2018. 159-173.
Dreyfuss L. "Cosmetic Products." Methods in Consumer Research, Volume 2. Woodhead
Publishing, 2018. 397-410.
[4]F, da Silva, J., Parisotto-Peterle, V., R. N., Weiss-Angeli, Brandalise, L. B., Gomes, C. P.,
Bergmann, and V., dos Santos, "Physical and chemical characterization and method for the
decontamination of clays for application in cosmetics." Applied Clay Science 124 (2016):
252-259.
[5]Bowling, Ann. Research methods in health: investigating health and health services.
McGraw-hill education (UK), 2014.
[6]K.. McCusker, and G. Sau, "Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and
choice based on the research." Perfusion 30.7 (2015): 537-542.