Fumaric Acid Synthesis: Experiment, Analysis, and Results Discussion

This assignment details the synthesis of fumaric acid from maleic acid using a catalytic reaction with hydrochloric acid. The experiment focuses on understanding the differences in chemical and physical properties of the isomers, particularly the melting points and hydrogen bonding. The assignment includes the calculation of the percentage yield and a discussion on the impact of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the melting points. It also covers the different properties of the geometric isomers and how they relate to their bonding characteristics. The assignment highlights the differences in properties, such as melting points and solubility, and provides a detailed analysis of the experimental results and observations.

1. Theoretical yield of the isomer

2. percentage yield
Percent yield = (1.08+1.57)/2.70*100
= 98.15%
Conclusion
1. Conclusion
The goals of this experiment was achieved. The synthesis of fumeric acid from maleic acid was
achieved through catalytic reaction with hydrochloric acid. The difference in the chemical and p-
physical properties were noticed through the different reactions. The acid was used as a catalyst
to convert the maleic acid to the fumeric acid through heating catalysation.
2. structural drawing of fumaric acid displaying intramolecular H-bonding
3 structural drawing of fumaric acid displaying intermolecular H-bonding

4
The difference in the melting points of the maleic acid and fumaric acid is brought about by the
differences in the H bonding between the two isomers. The stronger the H bonding the higher the
heat needed to melt the material. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the fumaric acid is
known to be stronger than the intramolecular hydrogen bonding available in maleic acid. These
bonding are able to bring about the differences in the melting points.
5.
The different geometric isomers have different properties. The bonding characteristics are able to
offer different properties. Connectivity between the geometric isomers are different and this
helps to offer the different properties of the isomers. The different in characteristic when exposed
to heat is a clear of the presence of different characteristics. The melting points of isomers are
able to differ due to the difference in the properties of the materials. In addition, the solubility
results also are a clear indicator of difference in the characteristic between the two isomers. The
formation of different masses of crystals of the isomers also is a clear indicator of the difference
in the properties.