Humoral Immunity to Tetanus, Diphtheria, Polio Post-Chemotherapy Study

This report investigates the effects of chemotherapy on humoral immunity against tetanus, diphtheria, and polio in adults. Chemotherapy, while effective in treating fast-growing cancer cells, can also damage healthy cells, including bone marrow cells responsible for antibody production. The study highlights that chemotherapy can lead to a decline in antibody levels, necessitating revaccination. The discussion covers the severity of diphtheria, tetanus, and polio, emphasizing the importance of maintaining immunity. Results indicate that a significant percentage of post-treatment samples show immunity to tetanus and diphtheria, but antibody levels may decrease over time. Future studies should focus on minimizing the impact of chemotherapy drugs and radiation on antibody production to preserve immunity while effectively targeting haematological malignancies. The study references several works exploring combination therapies and mechanisms related to cancer treatment and immune response, this report is available on Desklib, a platform that provides a wealth of study resources including past papers and solved assignments.

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Table of content
 Highlights
 Introduction
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 Future study
 References

Highlights
 The study explores about the humoral immunity to
tetanus, diphtheria and polio in the adults after the
treatment for the haematological malignancies.
 There is a research which focus on the children
immunity which is decrease after the chemotherapy.
 In major of the cases due to the chemotherapy, the re
vaccination are schedule for the tetanus and
diphtheria.

Introduction
 The chemotherapy is the drug treatment which is useful for the powerful chemical
that is show their static property to kill the fast growing cell within the body. The
chemotherapy is usually most often drug treatment which is used in order to treat
the cancer since the cancer cell usually grow and multiply much more quickly in
the instant way which is associated with the body.
 There is various drug which is used within the chemotherapy. In is also analysed
that after the successful completion of chemotherapy for the acute lymphatic
leukaemia, in such cases the children may lose their protective immunity which is
against the some of the named factor that is tetanus and diphtheria.

Results
 The main reason behind decline of antibodies and requirement of re vaccination is usually associated with the white
blood cell. In addition, due to the chemotherapy they usually kill the fast growing cell which is majorly include the
healthy cell along with the cancer cell.
 Therefore, bone marrow cell which is responsible for the formation of antibodies and also they play role in the term
of transportation is usually damage and they are not unable to produce the level of white blood cells.
 This is happening due to the chemotherapy and low down the immune system that also impact in the antibodies. In
addition, the chemotherapy conducted with the aspect of radiation that damage the genetic material of cell.

Discussion
 Diphtheria, tetanus and the polio is defined as the serious and
chronic disease with the high mortality rate.
 In addition, with the study with diphtheria that is still endemic for
the several countries and the study also show there are perceived
outbreak in unvaccinated population within the Europe.
 Therefore, the tetanus is referring as the non-communicable disease
which is contracted through the rationale exposure towards the
spores of the bacterium residing towards the worldwide in the
context with the soil and animal’s intestinal tracts.

Continue
 In the context with the study concerning with post treatment
sample, 92 percent and 95 percent are immune with the
respect to age in the both the aspect which is linked with
tetanus and diphtheria antibody level.
 In this, the study is usually compared with the last studies,
the chemotherapy and the blood sampling is usually show
the vision of that is not longer, the median 18 which is 4 to
77 month.

Conclusion
 As per the above discussion, it is analysed that the chemotherapy indicates some aspect
that is related with retardation of antibody which is produced with the intake of
vaccination in proper ways. The polio, diphtheria and tetanus antibody level generally
decrease and low after the treatment of chemotherapy due to the drug that is used during
the treatment and radiation may affect the production of while blood cell that usually
carry the antibody are dead. Due to the intrinsic mechanism the eradication of antibody
level is shown within body and after that the revaccination are required.

Future study
 The future study must focus on the drug which is used within the chemotherapy for
haematological malignancies. The exposure of organ within the radiation are fixed as
some quantified level that perceived the quantum level where the antibody level does not
demise. Moreover, the mechanism is used to place in such a way which provide structure
to preserve the immunity as antibody by maintain the equivalency of bombarding of
radiation that have specific and target the malignancies based on haematological.

References
 Aumeeruddy, M.Z. and Mahomoodally, M.F., 2019. Combating breast cancer using combination therapy with 3
phytochemicals: Piperine, sulforaphane, and thymoquinone. Cancer, 125(10), pp.1600-1611.
 Franchino, F., Rudà, R. and Soffietti, R., 2018. Mechanisms and therapy for cancer metastasis to the brain. Frontiers in
oncology, 8, p.161.
 Luo and et. al., 2019. Interleukin-17 regulates neuron-glial communications, synaptic transmission, and neuropathic
pain after chemotherapy. Cell reports, 29(8), pp.2384-2397.
 Muñoz and et. al., 2019. Targetable mechanisms driving immunoevasion of persistent senescent cells link
chemotherapy-resistant cancer to aging. JCI insight, 4(14).

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 Heinhuis and et. al., 2019. Enhancing antitumor response by combining immune
checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy in solid tumors. Annals of Oncology, 30(2),
pp.219-235.
 Samanta and et. al., 2018. Chemotherapy induces enrichment of CD47+/CD73+/PDL1+
immune evasive triple-negative breast cancer cells. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 115(6), pp.E1239-E1248.
 Liu and et. al., 2018. Dual pH-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted
treatment of breast cancer by combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Acta
Biomaterialia, 66, pp.310-324.