Review of Chicago Convention, Air Service Agreements & Open Skies

This report provides an overview of aviation, focusing on the Chicago Convention and its impact on international civil aviation, including the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and its role in regulating airspace, aircraft registration, and safety standards. It examines the development of Air Service Agreements (ASAs) post-Chicago, which facilitate international commercial air transportation, and discusses the airline deregulation act in the USA and the EU, emphasizing its effects on air service quality, pricing, and market competition. Furthermore, the report explores Open Skies agreements, which promote unrestricted international flights and reduce government intervention in airline operations, ultimately benefiting customers through cheaper air services. The analysis concludes that aviation involves the design, development, and handling of aircraft, with the Chicago Convention and ASAs playing critical roles in shaping the global air transport industry.

Aviation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Overview of Chicago Convention and Its main outcome...........................................................3
The development of ASAs (Air service agreement) post Chicago.............................................3
The arrival of airline deregulations(in both the USA and the EU ) ...........................................4
Open skies(Air services agreement)............................................................................................4
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Aviation is the activity encompasses the industries of aircraft and the mechanical flights.
It involves handling of various aircraft, performing the operations, repairing and flying aircraft.
The air transport industry hold every feature related to air travel and the facilities. It manages the
entire air industry, research companies and discipline aviation(military). British airway is an
airline industry that operates globally(Balli, and Caliskan, 2021). It is the largest international
airline in the whole world formed in 1919 having headquarter situated in London, England
United Kingdom. Sean Doyle is known as the Chairman and CEO of this airline. Almost 95
million passengers travel through this airline every year and it established 441 airports in more
than 86 countries.
MAIN BODY
Overview of Chicago Convention and Its main outcome
The Chicago convection is also know as the convention on international civil aviation. it
is a root of planetary air legal document also it is a source to constitution international
organization given in article(Article 43-96) ICAO. It establish the international civil Aviation
organization. And rules related to tairspace, registration of aircraft, and 3S( Safety, Security and
Sustainability).
On 7 December 1944 in Chicago, the document was signed by the 52 different signatory
states. From 1 November to 7 December, 54 nations met at6 Chicago to make an agreement on
the grouping for the rapid development of provisional world air routes and service sand to set up
an interim council for the collection ,recording and studding of data conceptual to international
aviation and up-gradation of it. Its main outcome is the position statement that established the
core rule license world shipping by air and led to the conception of specialized office which has
overseen it even since- ICAO. Nineteen annexes supports the convection by ICAO. Some of are
following as personnel licensing, air rules, meteorological services for navigation, charts,
registration marks, communication system and many more.(Bendak, and Rashid, 2020)

The development of ASAs (Air service agreement) post Chicago
It is also called as the air shipping statement is an understanding that allows the
international commercialized air transportation work between signatories. The symmetric system
has its basis below the Chicago Convention and related to internationals treaties(.Gerstle,
2018.Weber, 2021). it come in existence and was signed in December 1944 and has citizenry
global air work since then, having a range of annexes material issues such as collecting official
document, status omission, soundness, navigation, environmental protection and assistance.
These are the formalities used by the airline companies to exchange there goods and services
from one place to another by air cargo. The organization have to keep memoranda of
understanding in there mind before signing any agreement or contract with the second party. For
flying between the two countries, air service agreement covering the fact to which airlines are
acknowledged on economic level. The MoUs covered the the ratio, the selected airlines of the
two linguistic communication countries, origin and intermediate points, commerce rights, and
types of aircraft and tax issues.(Cao,Tan. and Wu, 2018)
The arrival of airline deregulations(in both the USA and the EU )
An act was passed in 19858 , known as the airline deregulation act is law of united state that acts
a an encourager, developer and to attain an air transportation system that helps in determining the
quality as well as variety and air services prices that relies on competitive market. A
1996 Government Answer ability Office report recovered that the common fare per passenger
mile was about 9% lesser in 1994 than in 1979. there was a decrese by 30% in paid charge
inflation adjusted terms between 1976 and 1990.the passanger load has increased due to
transfering of airlines of larger aircraft to longer. busier routes and replacing them with small
ones on little, lower-traffic routes. the smaller industry did not suffer the wearing of service that
had been expected by some opponents of deregulation(.Fedotova, M., Tikhonov, and Novikov,
2018) Hence, until the advent of low-cost carriers, point-to-point air transport declination in
disposition of a more noticeable-and-spoke system. A traveller opening from a non-hub airport (a
spoke) would fly into the hub, then reach the final destination by moving from the hub to another
airport, the spoke. While more economic for portion smaller activity, this system has change
some airline business to drive out rivalry from their "fortress hubs." The development of low-
cost displace such as South-west Airway brought more point-to-point company rear into the

United States air conveyance method, and bring to the advance of a broad scope of craft kind that
are improved elastic to marketplace of variable sizes.
Open skies(Air services agreement)
A global agreement that undertakes between two or more countries which has the right
to allow unrestricted landing flights and over flights to another is called the open
skies. It is a policy between two countries for a flight contract of passengers as
well as cargo planes. It allow both the countries to have unlimited flights for both
the countries on range of 5000 KM.
By this policy the restriction of airlines get reduced. There is less interference of
government in commercial and cargo airlines. An individual airlines can take decisions
about pricing capacity and time zones of flying. It has an advantage that it does not
follow the traditional practices. The contract protect airlines from restrictions of air
services.. Due to less interference of US government in different air transport policies
which allow cheap airlines services due to the policies and flights customers get
benefits under these circumstances.
CONCLUSION
From the above provided information, it has been conclude that aviation is the activity of
designing and developing different types of aircraft, handling them and performing specific
operations and repairing of aircraft of British airways company. The report contain the details of
the Chicago convection which is also know as the pattern on global polite air power and its
outcome related through success are thoroughly explained. It is also been conclude that air
service airline that provide air cargo transportation and related services. The airline deregulation
is also mentioned with the narrow explanation of open skies that it is a form of air transport
understanding that U.S. Government passable with foreign government partners to provide rights
for airline to message planetary traveller and loading work.

REFERENCES
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Bendak, S. and Rashid, H.S., 2020. Fatigue in aviation: A systematic review of the literature. International
Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 76, p.102928.
Cao, Y., Tan, W. and Wu, Z., 2018. Aircraft icing: An ongoing threat to aviation safety. Aerospace Science
and Technology, 75, pp.353-385.
Dožić, S., 2019. Multi-criteria decision making methods: Application in the aviation industry. Journal of Air
Transport Management, 79, p.101683.
Fedotova, M.A., Tikhonov, A.I. and Novikov, S.V., 2018. Estimating the effectiveness of personnel
management at aviation enterprises. Russian engineering research, 38(6), pp.466-468.
Gerstle, C.R., 2018. Parallels in safety between aviation and healthcare. Journal of pediatric
surgery, 53(5), pp.875-878.
Weber, L., 2021. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Kluwer Law International BV.