A Comprehensive Essay on Child Sexual Abuse and Health Promotion

This essay examines child sexual abuse, its impact on young people, and strategies for health promotion. It delves into the definition of sexual abuse, its symptoms, and the importance of sexual health promotion, referencing WHO statistics on HIV/AIDS. The essay explores theoretical perspectives on sexual behavior, including the theory of planned behavior, the theory of reasoned action, and the health belief model, while considering factors like age, normative beliefs, and psychological processes. Health promotion strategies, such as the health belief model and the use of condoms, are discussed. The influence of culture and religion on sexual decisions, ethical considerations for healthcare professionals, and the importance of confidentiality and data protection are also addressed, offering a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

Child Sexual Abuse
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ESSAY
INTRODUCTION
Sexual abuse can be defined as unwanted sexual activity in which person use forces
regarding the subject. These kinds of activities are considered as threat making activity to the
victim. There are number of symptoms of sexual abuse which can be classified as shock, fear,
stress and mental disorder (Bahr, 2014). In this report the learning will focus on study of diverse
issues regarding health promotion and young people in HIV prevention. It will also focus on
factors which can influence the culture and religion of nation. Furthermore, it will also provide
information about various legislation and professional accountability which relates to the sexual
abuse or health promotion.
BACKGROUND
Sexual health promotion is all about creating awareness among people regarding sexual
and reproductive health. It can also be refereed as activity to promote the healthy life style and
reduce the issues in context of reproductive health. In the respect of study it can be said that
sexual health promotion is one of significant subject in current situations. As per the report of
WHO, 40 million people of world is affected by AIDS (DiClemente, 2009). Moreover, it has also
been spotted in the report that every day 14000 new persons are spotted as HIV infected person.
The ratio is increasing day by day which is impacting the health conditions of people so in order
to understand the key factors and identify the ways to reduce the sexual health issues the current
study is essential (Hemingway, 2014).
MAIN BODY
Theoretical view
Number of young age HIV infected person is high in current scenario and it has been
spotted that the theories which have focus on the psychological process can impact the sexual
behaviour of young age person. These kinds of theories focuses on the attitudes, belief and other
social factors. Social relationships have great influence on the behaviour of person. In the
support of this, it can be said that the theory of planned behaviour also have great impact on the
activities if young age group (Meeks, 2014). It is considered as a interrelated approach which
focuses on cognitive factors in order to explain the individual behaviour which clearly indicates
the attitude and beliefs. Other than this, the theory of reason action is also one of significant
aspect and it also influences the sexual behaviour of individual.
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Other than this, intention is also considered as one of most critical factor in sexual
behaviour of individual. In other aspect, intention is an result of the combination of attitude
towards behaviour. Moreover the evaluation of expected outcome also influences the sexual
behaviour of person in diverse manner (Tweedy, 2014). In the support of this, it can be said that
the health belief model also have some influences on the human behaviour. The perception of
person towards health and sexual health factors also plays a significant role in human behaviour.
In the support of above statement it can be said that other than social perception there are
some more factors which can influence the sexual behaviour of individual. Age factor also plays
a key role in this section (CAPT, 2015). It has been spotted that the young age group is more
attracted towards sexual activities due to development of Harmon. During the age of 14-24
people mostly have development of harmon which changes the individual sexual behaviour as
well. Other than this, normative beliefs also plays a key role in individual behaviour. Moreover,
the social behaviour and perception also influences the individual behaviour (Department of
Education, 2015). For example, a college students were discussing about the sexual activities.
These kinds of social discussion in society can also influence the sexual behaviour and may tick
young age individual.
Furthermore, the individual psychological process also impacts the individual behaviour
and interactive relationship of behaviour with the social and cultural dimensions can also
influences the individual sexual behaviour. Moreover, the improper knowledge about the risk and
other factors can also influence the behaviour of individual. Communication way between two
relations can also influence the individual sexual behaviour (Howard, 2000). Other than this, the
attraction towards commercial sexual activities also have some negative impact on the sexual
behaviour of individual. Lack of sexual activities knowledge also mislead the young age people
and lead to various sexual health issues like HIV, etc.
Health Promotion
In the support of this, it can be said that the health belief model is introduced in year
1950. As per the structured study of this model it can be said that the health behaviour is all
about activity which indicates the individual socio-demographic factors, knowledge and
attitudes. In order to have better health promotion the person must follow the guidelines of health
belief model. This model includes some actions which can change the behaviour of individual by
affecting their personal beliefs (Potter, 2009). In order to have change in behaviour of person it is
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necessary to focus on symptoms of HIV and risk factors associated with it. By providing correct
information regarding HIV and risk factors the behaviour of can be influenced in positive
manner and health conditions can be improved in better way (Zaidman-Zait, 2008). Moreover,
the discussions regarding use of condom and sexual relations can also influence the social
perception of individual. These kinds of activities are also beneficial for better promotion of
health conditions.
Other than this, health belief model is also taken into account as a cognitive model which
indicates that the behaviour can be impacted by focusing on number of beliefs. In the support of
this, it can be stated that few constructions of is consisted of self efficacy concept. These kinds of
beliefs are referred as a cues to actions which devices the actual adaptation of behaviour
(Bodenmann, 2006). In order to have better accomplishment of health promotion two kinds of
beliefs can be considered. In this respect, it can be said that in order to have changes in behaviour
the people must personally feel vulnerable in context of health treat. Moreover, the perception
regarding possible consequences must considered as positive actions which can prevent from
HIV and reduce the risk associated with it (Baldwin, 2008).
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In the support of this, it can be said the health promotion can be take placed effectively by
providing appropriate information regarding diverse factors. The classification of factors can be
as perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits and barriers. In other aspect, it can be asserted
that the awareness regarding use of condom is also one of critical way to promote health
conditions. Moreover, it has also been spotted that the young age people faces HIV issues mostly
due to improper knowledge of condom use (Patton, 2002). Young age people are not focusing on
use of condom because they are not feeling any risk in context of situations. This clearly
indicates that the lack information about risk factor is motivating them to not use condom. In this
respect, it is necessary to ensure that the young age people are having proper knowledge about
the risk factor and must feel like fear in context of HIV (Crepaz, 2002). It will influence the
perception of young age people and motivate them towards use of condom. It is also considered
as a way to accomplish health promotion objective. It will facilitate in overcome the number of
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Illustration 1: Health belief

threats in context of health promotion and protect young age group from sexual health issues.
Culture and religion
The culture associated with age, gender has led significant impact on sexual decisions of young
age people and their responsible choices about sexual activity during the teenage years. These
decision could have immediate and lasting implications for overall health outcomes and and
other aspects. In this regard, several factors influence sexual decision of young age people such
as parents, peers, the media, access to education and services (Bahr, 2014). All these factors are
considers as host of other factors influence decisions and subsequent health outcomes. In this
context, peer group such as friends have significant influenced adolescent development and has
some bearing on teenagers' decisions about sex. Adolescents (ages 13 to 21) report that they are
most acquired wide range of information about sexual health issues from their peers. Therefore,
Peer pressure to engage in sex increases during middle adolescence is mainly influenced by peer
group attitudes about sex (DiClemente, 2009). This approach plays important role in order to
influence the attitudes and behaviors of teenagers.
In this duration,Youths who resist engaging in sexual activity tend to have friends who
are abstinent as well. These individuals have strong personal beliefs influenced self-control
along with the negative parental reactions. On the other hand, young age people who are sexually
active along with their friends are sexually active as well that thing influences the sexual
involvement (Hemingway, 2014). The evaluation of religions and cultures think
as well as wide society view about the sex and young people society has found significant
variation in views. In this context, premarital sex is considered as most important aspect that can
be viewed as per different regional and social aspects. It is considered as sexual activity
practiced by people who are unmarried. Historically, premarital sex was addressed as a moral
issue among various culture there premarital sex or sex among young age people was taboo in
many cultures and considered a sin by a number of religions (Tweedy, 2014). But, after 1960,
these practices are become more widely accepted especially in Western countries. In addition to
that the study of global morality has found that sex among young age people was considered
particularly unacceptable in several countries "predominantly Muslim nations" like Indonesia,
Jordan, Pakistan as well as Egypt. In these countries, over the 90% people in different societies
have not approved sex before marriage. On the other hand, 10% citizens of Western European
countries were disagreed about sex among young age people and most of people have accepted
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this thing with in society of Spain, Germany as well as France (Meeks, 2014). Therefore, it can
be stated that culture of Asian countries is not promoting the sex before marriage. On the other
hand, western culture has accepted the sexual activities among young age people. In addition that
social relationship of teenager plays important role for managing sexual health. It has been
analyzed that the role of parents in the lives and decision-making processes of youths is often
underestimated. Further, it has been analyzed that young age people who are satisfied with the
mother–child relationship then parents are able to provide appropriate information sexual
practices and health implications. On the other hand, poor communication with parents about sex
and safe sex practices influences risky sexual behaviors and could lead negative impact on health
of young age people.
Ethical considerations
Ethical considerations are always being an critical aspect in effective development of
health promotion activities. It has been spotted that the number of young age people are not
accessing the treatment and consultation process regarding sexual issues or activities due to fear
of social perception. In this respect, it is necessary for health care sector to ensure that
professionals are focusing on effective accomplishment of their roles or duties in the context of
ethical aspects (Robert, 2003). In other aspect, it can be stated that it is essential for health care
professionals to provide great support to young age group in order to deal with sexual issues and
effective promotion of better health conditions.
Moreover, number of people from young age group are not feeling safeguarding while
dealing with sexual issues. The issues can be classified as confidentiality and judgemental
aspects. Young age group expect that the information regarding their sexual issues and treatment
regarding subject must be kept confidential by the society or health care professional. In this
respect, the health care professionals can focus on data protection act (Patel, 2007). It is a law
which ensure that the personal information regarding individual is not shared with any third party
without permission or informing the service user. It is necessary for health care professionals to
create better trust among young age group people so that they can feel confident to share
information with them in order to attain better health care practice (Suarez, 2001).
In the support of above statement it can be said that the social judgemental actions also
impacts the perception of individual. It means it is essential for health care professional to ensure
that they are not judging the service user. Moreover, it is also necessary for management of
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health care organisations to ensure that the staff perception and attitude towards sexual health
issues and young age sexual issues is positive (Forest research, 2015). If health care
professionals will not provide better support to young age people during the consultation of
sexual issues then it might be possible that motivation level of young age individual is decreased.
In the support of this, it can be said that it is essential for health care professionals to create
positive work conditions especially during the transition of sexual treatment consultation as it
will impact the perception of young age people in positive manner (Sexual behaviour change,
2013). It is also beneficial for effective health promotion and overcome the diverse issues
regarding sexual activities.
Other than this, it can be said that during the health promotion activities and sexual
treatment consultation it is necessary for health care professionals to make sure that the young
age people is deriving the accurate things from the other social aspects as well. It is also
beneficial for effective health care promotion and advancement in motivation level (Suarez,
2001). In the support of this, it can also be asserted that the health care professionals must
provide consultation regarding sexual issues as per the consideration of guide. It will also
enhance the effectiveness of treatment process in order to overcome the sexual issues.
Policies related to HIV
The government authorities and NHS in UK has developed various strategies. In this
regard, different strategies are developed for providing clear information so as people are able to
take informed decisions about preventing Sexual Transmitted Infectionss such as HIV (Patton,
2002). In addition to that public authority makes efforts by setting a target to reduce the number
of newly acquired HIV infections and also developing a systematic networks for HIV and sexual
health services. Apart from that it has been analyzed that a systematic plan is developed for
managing working with the primary care settings and other institutional for facilitation of
comprehensive service to patients. In addition to that evaluation of the benefits of more
integrated sexual health services is carried out by developing different pilots project in the from
of one-stop clinics, primary care youth services and primary care teams by considering the
special interest in sexual health (Crepaz, 2002).
For managing HIV screening, the public authorities makes efforts for making services
more accessible, for example shifting to community or schools settings. In this process, Self-
booking appointments through which an individual is able to taste sexual issues without the need
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to go through an additional healthcare provider. Further, the government authorities are
facilitating different Vending machines in different clinics for routine needs. In this process,
people can acquire appropriate tools for medical check up e.g. pregnancy tests, condoms,
Chlamydia screening that do not require a consultations such as Self-booking kiosks in services.
All these tools and procedures play important role to increase screening of HIV (Robert, 2003).
This is because self-booking kiosks services and tools for checking of sexual problem has found
very great tools in order to influence people toward HIV screening. In this process, pre and post
test counseling has played important role in facilitation of morale support during HIV screening.
Pre-test counseling encourages to individual toward HIV test. On the other hand, post test
counseling is carried out as per the test results. If an individual finds HIV positive then post test
counseling assists to an individual for handling motivation level, evaluation of different measures
through which an individual will be able to live healthy life with HIV virus etc.
Provision
It has been spotted that there are number of provisions which must be followed by health
care sector in order to boost the effectiveness of health conditions. In this support, it can be said
that the health care firms must focus on health and safety law, data protection act. These
provisions are beneficial in order to protect the young people from diverse sexual issues.
Personal information must not be shared with any third party without any consultation of service
user (Patel, 2007). Moreover, it is also essential for health care firms to make sure that the all
guidelines and standards are followed by the professionals in order to meet the needs of service
user. There must not be any violation of provisions otherwise, it will impact the sexual care
treatment in negative manner.
Other than this, it is also essential for health care organizations to focus on diverse ethical
provisions in order to have effective promotion or health conditions. In the support of this, it can
be said that the health care organizations and governance of UK can also focus on diverse
provisions. Such as number of education seminars can be conducted in order to create better
awareness among young age people. It will reduce the ratio of sexual issues amend the health
conditions (Robert, 2003). Governance can also start some sexual education activities in college
and schools it will also benefit the health promotion in diverse manner. In the support of this, it
can be said that the use of media tools and conduction of campaigns is also beneficial activity in
order to promote the health conditions and reduce the ratio of sexual issues. Campaigns
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regarding use of condom and its benefits are also beneficial as it creates better awareness about
sexual issues (Crepaz, 2002).
CONCLUSION
On the the basis of above assessment, it can be concluded that sexual decisions among
young age people are mainly influenced by several factors such as hormonal changes, age, peer
pressure, health education etc. This essay has found that different cultures and religions have
different views about young age sex. This is because some western countries have accepted and
some nations of Asia has made it taboo before marriage. This investigation has found that public
authorities has developed different policies and provision in order to increase awareness of about
sexual heath and prevention from HIV.
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