University Report: Observation and Analysis of Amar's Development

This report presents an in-depth analysis of Amar Singh, a three-year-old child with speech difficulties, based on observations conducted in a playroom setting. The report utilizes various observation techniques, including running records, time sampling, event sampling, and anecdotal records, to document Amar's behaviors and interactions. These observations are then analyzed within the framework of early childhood developmental theories, such as Piaget's cognitive development, Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory, and Erikson's psychosocial stages, to assess Amar's physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development (4 P.I.E.S). The analysis reveals Amar's strengths in fine motor skills, color matching, and social interaction, while also highlighting his speech delay. The report concludes with a developmental checklist and recommendations for intervention, emphasizing the importance of speech and language therapy, parental involvement, and community support to address Amar's specific needs and promote his overall development. The assignment also provides references to support the analysis and recommendations.

Running head: DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
Observation
Location: Playroom
Date: 22.1.2019-23.1.2019
Name: Amar Singh
Gender: Male
Age: 3 years 10 months

2DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
Profile of the child
Name: Amar Singh
Language: English and Punjabi
Weight: 13.5 Kg
Height: 95 cm.
Background information: Amar’s mother is a school teacher. His father is a police officer.
He is the only child of his parents. His family consists of six members, his parents,
grandparents, aunt and a helper. Since, both his parents are working hence, his primary
caregiver is the helper. Amar has been admitted to a Montessori school and he goes to
enrichment classes like art classes, music class and Julia Gabrial classes.
Amar finds interests in playing blocks, art activities like (painting and pasting things on some
things that he wants to make, playing play dough, shape and colour matching.
Introduction
The written assignment would focus on the observations taken for the child Amar. Four
observation techniques will be used in this assignment, including the assessment and the
evaluation records. The observations will then be linked with the early childhood
developmental theories. Based on the needs of the child, a recommendation plan will also be
constructed. Finally an intervention checklist will also be made. The observations have been
helpful in understanding the developmental structure of the children. It took about 2 days to
record all the observations.
Photo

3DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
Observation records collected
1. Running records and time sampling
a) Running record
Location: Playroom
Child/age: Amar / 3years
Observer: Educator
Time: 5 minutes
Amar is with his arts teacher. He loves to play with a play dough. Amar is sitting by the side
of the Sofa and is trying to play with the help of a play dough. He is facing the toy bin and is
looking at the sample structure or the design made. Amar bends down and grasps some play
dough from the ground and is trying to press the dough using his both hands. He is saying
that the flat structure looks like the pizza. Amar now leaned at the toy bean and pulled out the
presser which he usually used to give shapes to the structures. Amar is now using his both
hands to press the pressers on the play dough and is giving the shape of a flower. He shouts
(slowly)”wow”! Now using both the hands Amar picks up the play tub and as the tub just
reaches the height of his chest, he has dumped the toy on the ground and on his feet.
b) Time sampling
Time sampling Running record
10 A.M Amar is sitting by the side of the Sofa and is trying to play with the help
of a play dough. He is facing the toy bin and is looking at the sample
structure or the design made.
10:05 A.M Amar bends down and grasps some play dough from the ground and is

4DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
trying to press the dough using his both hands. He is saying that the flat
structure looks like the pizza.
10:15 A.M Amar is now using his both hands to press the pressers on the play dough
and is giving the shape of a flower

5DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
2. Event sampling and anecdotal records
Name: Amar Singh
Age of the child: 3 years
Date: 27.12.2018
Time: 9. 15 A.M- 9:45A.M
Location: Playroom
Time Antecedent Event Behaviour Consequence
9:15
A.M
Amar and Jai are
drawing by using the
paper plates. There
was no extra paper
plate in the room.
Jai pulled Amar’s paper plate and
torn it apart in to two equal halves.
Amar cried and ran to the teacher.
Jai follows Amar
and two minutes
later, they were
again smiling and
were using the two
halves separately for
drawing.
9:20 Amar is drawing with
his friend in the
playschool. Amar has
taken some paper
plates and has
divided the plate in to
two.
They are sharing a same colour
box. Amar shows his blue Sun to
Jai. Jai said “Yes and mine is a red
sun’ and they joined the two pieces
together. “ See this sun has both
blue and red color” and they
giggled.
Amar and Jai have
developed a good
friend ship and are
interacting well. The
activity shows that
they are enjoying the
drawing together.

6DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
3. Running record and event sampling
Time Antecedent event Behaviours Consequent event
2:41 P.M Amar sees his craft teacher to
take some poster colour in the
brush and put it in the paper
cut out of the fish.
Amar took the
crayon pencil and
dipped it inside the
bowl containing
water, imitating the
teacher.
Amar throws the
pencil as it was not
dissolving like the
poster colour.
3.00 P.M Amar saw his playmates
following the picture of a fish
displayed in the screen of a
laptop.
Amar gathers his
crayons and sat in
front of the screen
Amar was successful
in designing the
paper fish.

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4. Time sampling and Anecdotal records
Name: Amar Singh
Age: 3 years
Location: Playroom
Time Anecdotal records
12.45 P.M As Jai arrived the play school, Amar
shouted “Wow”, then grabbed his hand and
pulled him, running in the play room.
(Social, but could not utter the name of his
friend quickly)
1.05 P.M While colouring the plate, Amar turned the
whole colour box in the table and tried to
count “one, two, and three” in mind .
(cognitive /math/language)
1.15 P.M When Amar was told to follow the teacher
while making the drawing, he followed the
teacher for nearly 10 minutes without
touching the colour. (following directions )

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Analysis of the overall development of the child
4 P.I.E.S of development
Physical development- It is evident from the records that Amar had developed gross motor
skills and although he has speech difficulties, he can engage in physical play with other
children. According to, Piaget’s cognitive developmental stage theory, Amar belongs to the
preoperational stage, where children starts to engage in language acquisition and take part in
the pretend play (Mischel, 2013).
Intellectual development-Vygotsky proposed the theory of intellectual development that
recognises the central role for the social and the cultural influences. Amar is capable of fine
line drawing and follow the instruction of the teachers (Minick, 2012).
Emotional development- As per the socio-emotional theory of Vygotsky, the social
interaction plays an important role in the cognitive development of the child. Vygotsky had
always emphasised on the purpose of play for the emotional development of a child. Amar
had shown emotional development by sharing his toys with his play mate.

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Social development- As per Erickson’s stage of psychosocial development, initiative Vs.
Guilt is the third stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development (Cherry,2012). This is the
stage where improper socialisation might develop guilt among the children. Children often
takes initiatives on their own. Amar has displayed hyperactivity while playing with play
dough or while greeting his play mate. At this stage children asserts themselves more
frequently.
Summary
Based on the running records, event sampling and the anecdotal records it can be seen
that although Amar Singh has speech difficulties. However, he can follow the directives if
instructions are given clearly and in a comprehendible way. As per the records it can be
easily found that the Amar has avid interest towards drawing is able to draw fine line
drawing. He excels in colour sorting or colour matching. His capability to design the fish
proves that his motor skills are quite active and thus signifies intellectual development.
However, it is also evident form the records that Amar, when sees is best friend Jai, was
unable to speak out his name but only utters words like “wow”. The socialising skills of
Amar is also good as he can interact with his friends, which indicates towards the
development of emotional and socialisation skills. The gross motor skills of the child are
well developed and his creative and problem solving skills are also good. Amar Singh needs
speech and language therapy for effective communication. Thus discussing about the 4
P.I.E.S of development, it can be said that Amar requires more support for an overall physical
development, including speech.
Developmental checklist
S/N Development Yes No Remarks
1. Amar was able to jump  Development of

10DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
motor skills
2. Amar can bend down  Development of
motor skills
3. Amar will be able to conduct fine line drawing  Development of
gross mot skills
4. Amar was able to draw a fish  Intellectual
development
5. Amar was able play with play dough  Intellectual
development and
sensory motor
skills
6. Amar was able to imitate drawings  Intellectual
development
7. Amar was able to socialise with his friends  Emotional and
social
development
8. Amar was able to speak properly  Speech
delay,
problem in
one of the
sensory
skill
devlopment
Conclusion
This assignment has provided a vivid description of different observation techniques
concerning Amar. According to the case study, the three years old child Amar Singh is not
able to speak properly. However, he can understand the instructions, being provided to him.
Thus, in order to treat this child, it is imperative to take comprehensive action. It is
recommended for the parents to take advice from a health care practitioner, who can help
them to access a famous speech-language pathologist. Certain activities practiced at home
can improve speech in children having speech difficulties. The healthcare practitioners must
be committed towards describing the children about what they are feeling. This can help the
child to speak properly by listening (Brignell et al., 2018). Repartition is a great way of
treating child with speech delay. Thus, Bishop & Leonard (2014) highlighted the fact that the
healthcare practitioners should keep repeating same words, which can help the child to learn

11DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE
properly. Usage of sign language is another major strategy, which is to be followed by the
healthcare practitioner while treating children with speech delay. It is recommended for the
healthcare practitioners to use sign language while describing about their own activities.
Families play an important role in child development (Paul, 2017). Hence families should be
educated about how to deal with children having speech difficulties, including the home
based activities or arranging the home environment in a certain pattern. Important contacts or
information about the different community based services should be provided to the parents.
Partnership with the families
 Conduction of workshops involving the family members to make them aware that their child is
suffering from speech difficulty as many are not aware of that.
 Speech therapist along with the educators would educate the family members about the
activities that can be practiced at home to enhance the speech (Haley et al., 2017).
 The parents should be given referrals for services such as important contacts of the speech
language pathologists, the audiologists, special intuitions or community based campaigns or
activities.
 Contacts about speech and language therapy centre
 Early intervention services
 Community base services providing economic help to families incapable of getting speech
therapy.