This report provides a detailed analysis of child development, encompassing various stages from newborn to school age. It explores the development of language and communication, cognitive abilities, physical capabilities, and personal, social, and emotional growth. The report delves into the milestones achieved at each stage, offering insights into the domains of communication and speech, cognitive function, physical attributes, and social-emotional development. Furthermore, it examines current scientific research relating to neurological and brain development in early years, its influences on early years settings, and the impact of genetic and environmental factors. Theoretical perspectives from Piaget, Gesell, Eriksson, and others are discussed in relation to cognitive, speech, language, communication, physical, and personal, social, and emotional development, along with their current frameworks. The report also includes activities that promote development for young children.