NUR212 Child Health Care Report: Cardiovascular Diseases and Nutrition

This report critically examines the issue of cardiovascular diseases in children, particularly those stemming from nutrition-related problems. It begins by outlining Australian child health policies, including infant mortality rates and teenage birth rates, and their implications. The report then delves into specific policies such as the National Preventive Health Research Strategy, food labeling regulations, and the Food and Health Dialogue, assessing their effectiveness in addressing cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, it applies principles of child health promotion, primary health care, and advocacy, including creating supportive environments and developing personal skills. The report also addresses equity, self-determination, rights, and access for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families in relation to these health issues. Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of advocacy and the need for a healthcare system that values individual well-being and self-determination in healthcare decisions.

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Table of Contents
Topic..........................................................................................................................................3
Australian child health policies..................................................................................................3
Apply principles of child health promotion, primary child health care and advocacy..............4
Making Supportive Environments.............................................................................................4
Development of Personal Skills.................................................................................................5
Conveying Child health Public Policy.......................................................................................5
Reinforcement of Community Action........................................................................................5
Reorientation of the Child health Services.................................................................................5
Principle of advocacy.................................................................................................................6
Apply the principles of equity, self-determination, rights and access applicable as relevant to
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families...........................................................................6
The principle of self-determination............................................................................................7
References..................................................................................................................................9

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Topic: the topic of this report is “Cardiovascular diseases due to nutrition problems”
Cardiovascular Diseases due to Nutrition Problems:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are driving reasons for untimely mortality in Australia. Proof
from created nations demonstrates that mortality from these can be considerably counteracted
utilizing populace wide and individual-based procedures. Of the counteractive action
techniques, primordial include change in financial status and proficiency, sufficient medicinal
services financing and general medical coverage, compelling national CVD control program,
administrative control of trans fats, and improvement of offices for expanding physical action
by arranging and worksite intercessions (White, 2015). Strategy activities for control of CVD
have been recommended however proof of viability has developed as of late. These activities
can have a prompt effect in diminishing dismalness and mortality (O’rourke, et. al., 2015).
The children health policy can be taken as health indicators which are the set of 19 indicators
or policies adapted by Australian health minister conference, their communities and disability
and health related issues. Early stage of childhood development and youth education
committee of 2008 has been firstly posted such policies which were highly measurable
indicators to identify the environment as particularly essential for the children to develop
their health issues and conditions including three broad topics, these are: Health, early
learning and care from family and community.
1. Infant mortality rate in Australia: Health line indicators show mortality rate for infants or
of small child less than 1 year (from per 1000 live infants). From 2006 to 2016, this rate has
been reduced rapidly. Such rates have been measured from the judgement of
state/cities/territory level.

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Measurement of infant mortality rates is essential in health policies of Australia. It provides
socio-demographic factors to introduce lifestyle of Australian people which impacts directly
indirectly in the life of infants. Child mortality can be measured by the key elements of health
management of Australia. This policy includes factors such as economic terms, social terms
and demographic terms to improve the working over child mortality rates.
2. Teenager’s birth is another factor that can be observed through health line indicator of
Australian health policies. At the age of 13-19 specifically children per 1000 females can be
observed through break series from 2011 of birth of children for mothers and other
remoteless.

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Teenager birth rate in Australian health policies are important, as it possess significant
conditions related to long term risks for mother and child both. This policy including various
factors such as bad nutrition, poorer health, educational environment, lack of effective foods
and healthy atmosphere etc, children basically lose their health factors due to lack of proper
diets arrangements specially in lowest socio-economic areas. Over 24 children per 1000
females are becoming the victim of bad health due to socio economics and geographic
disadvantages, one-parental structure of families in Australia. Etc.
In now days, through the large public participation in Australia, country has achieved one of
the lowest smoking and better position for health environment for children. Public provide
their whole support regarding this. Australia is in fifth position for obesity in the world. There
is around 19.36% obesity percentage treated as per public priority.
Australian Health Policies for Overcoming the Health Issue of “Cardiovascular diseases
due to nutrition problems”:
National Preventive Health Research Strategy (2013-2018):
This strategy was released by the government of Australia in June 2018. Main purpose of this
policy was to introduce progress in different health issues like obesity, malnutrition and food
security in entire Australia. The government of Australia has also planned and launched
different policies and initiatives that support the improvement in healthy eating habits for
overcoming issues of cardiovascular diseases due to nutrition problems. Example of these
initiatives includes launching of Australian Dietary Guide, Australian guide for healthy
eating, infant feeding guidelines, Nutrient reference values for New Zealand and Australia
(Victoria Gov, 2018).
Food Labelling:
Food labelling is also a quite effective policy of the Government of Australia for addressing
the issue of cardiovascular diseases due to nutrition problems. Presence of labels on the

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processed food or packaged food helps customers in selection of healthier processed food
products for meeting their nutrition needs. Example of such label is as below:
(Source: Tieleman, 2014)
According to the policy of food labelling, once every processed food is labelled properly
according to key ingredients, it would be quite easy for customers to compare different
products and to chose a healthier product choice for them.
Ban on Promotion of Unhealthy Food:
Different states of Australia have banned and restricted the advertising and promotion of
unhealthy food. Example of such states is Tasmania (HF, 2018). The advertising and
promotion of red/ amber food and drinks is restricted according to legislations of Australia.
Food and Health Dialogue:
The Federal Government of Australia has launched the Food and Health Dialogue in 2009 for
encouraging the companies operating in food industry of country to reduce the quantity of
saturated fat, energy and sugar in their processed food. It has also issued the directions with
regards to hike in total proportions of wholegrain cereals/ fibre, vegetables and fruits in these

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processed foods. The food and health dialogue is quite effective to encourage the nutritional
quality in quick service restaurants also across Australia (Tieleman, 2014). In this context, the
initiative of Food and Health Dialogue is quite effective to address the issue of cardiovascular
diseases due to nutrition problems.
National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023:
This policy has been designed by the Government of Australia for purpose of improving the
health and well being of Australians by closing the gaps existing in health outcomes in wider
population of Australia. In other words, this policy was designed for developing and
implementing strategies in order to improve the access of Australian people to the nutritious
food (Tieleman, 2014). For this purpose, the government developed and implemented
National Nutrition Policy.
Apply principles of child health promotion, primary child health care and advocacy
Promotion of child health regarding cardiovascular diseases consists of the following
principles:
Making Supportive Environments
By developing secure and sheltered conditions regarding the Cardiovascular diseases, the
medical associations and staff with an opportunity to talk regarding the medical problems and
the CVD practice, child health upgrading practices, therefore supporting the CVD treatment
training and settlement on the beneficial decision and the decision with less demand. For
example, providing solid provisions regarding CVD cure, providing the best treatments and
nutrition plans to the patients and execution CVD treatment (White 2015; Carey et. al, 2015).
Development of Personal Skills
Youth associations, through the wide scope of projects and activities conveyed to youngsters,
including wellbeing instruction and wellbeing data, positively impact the improvement of
individual abilities, for instance, confidence, self-adequacy, correspondence, fundamental

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abilities and inspiration. The advancement of these abilities positively affects wellbeing
regarding cardiovascular diseases (Carey, et. al, 2015).
Conveying Child health Public Policy
Through the improvement of wellbeing related strategy inside, youth associations show proof
based work on demonstrating the significance of having an arrangement set up to help hone,
for instance, Cardiovascular diseases (White, 2015). Moreover, youth associations have a key
task to carry out in bringing issues to light and upholding for open approach advancement
and change keeping in mind the end goal to help their wellbeing related work and the strength
of their objective gatherings in order to prevent the Cardiovascular diseases.
Reinforcement of Community Action
Through creating associations and collisions with different associations and areas in the
network, youth associations can assemble limit and decidedly impact wellbeing inside the
more extensive network, which thus, can keep on supporting the strength of their objective
gatherings that live in the network, for instance conveying child health-related programs,
working in organization with solid initiatives regarding Cardiovascular diseases (Braveman,
2014).
Reorientation of the Child health Services
Upholding for the improvement and arrangement of wellbeing administrations that can react
to the wellbeing needs of youngsters is a key job of youth associations, for instance, youth
associations have a job in making mindfulness and pushing for the arrangement of a pre-adult
amicable wellbeing administration for youngsters (Kivimäki, et. al., 2015).
Health policy of advocacy:
The principle of advocacy is that each individual ought to be esteemed, guaranteeing that
individuals are not overlooked. In relation to the cardiovascular disease, it is the should be
regarded and tuned in to, and be associated with the basic leadership that will influence lives.

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It is this fundamental rule that has been ignored in our medicinal services framework
(Braveman, 2014).
Similarly, as with any backing development, it is the need to help individuals in discovering
goals to issues that worry them. It is the need to change an imbalance or treachery in a
framework. It is just a short time before the present social insurance framework made the
vacuum that should have been filled by patient backers.
Apply the principles of equity, self-determination, rights and access applicable as
relevant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families.
Random variables have a great impact on wellbeing including genetic components,
determines that total correspondence regarding wellbeing can never be achieved. Evening out
wellbeing should be taken seriously that it will not affect the particular preference, such as
cardiovascular diseases due to lack of nutrition. Officials of medicinal services are
continually looked regarding treatment and its value, to a great extent because of the
organizing requirements and at last proportion social insurance to fit in with budgetary
limitations (Kivimäki, et. al., 2015).
The principles of equity makes the refinement among patient value even brings importance
among individual patients within CVD treatment needs and to the patients with random needs
who ought to get distinctive or uneven social assurance regular practice regarding the
officials for executing requirement setting strategies for the logical dispersion of human
assets of services, to a great extent in light of the refinement between ethically pertinent and
unimportant components. Be that as it may, not every ethical choice will fulfil all and in this
manner, any basic leadership process with respect to need setting ought to be tied in with
accomplishing accord and consistency as opposed to fundamentally accomplishing the
correct answer (Gu, et. al., 2013).

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The principle of self-determination
A patient's entitlement to self-assurance is a piece of their inalienable human nobility. The
Code of Ethics for Nurses calls us to rehearse with empathy and regard for the intrinsic pride,
worth, and one of a kind qualities of each individual (Kivimäki, et. al., 2015). Detainees
relinquish huge numbers of their rights when entering a remedial office.
Regularly quiet self-assurance issues are surrounded with regards to end-of-life treatment
choices. For instance, a patient has a privilege to reject tumour treatment that they feel won't
enhance their personal satisfaction in their residual days. Be that as it may, on account of
remedial patients, the opportunity of decision is extremely restricted in such a large number
of everyday issues. Understanding self-assurance depends on the guideline of regard for self-
governance (Wadhera and Ayanian, 2017). Self-rule in human services alludes to the patients
appropriate to "acknowledge, can't, or end treatment without double-dealing, undue impact,
pressure, compulsion, or preference”. In this unmistakable condition, self-assurance in
wellbeing choices may likewise be blurred by the constraints of imprisonment (Kivimäki, et.
al., 2015).
For the situation above, Nurse Peyton will be unable to put words to her worries however she
is seeing models of compulsion that is influencing the well-being of her patients. Composed
data might be useful however numerous remedial patients have learning handicaps or can't
read. This might be the courts or a lawfully procured chief. Two conditions are essential for a
patient choice to be self-ruling. So as for settling on a good choice, patients need relevant
data and a chance for processing it (Gu, et. al., 2013).

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References
Braveman, P. (2014) What are child health disparities and child health equity? We need to be
clear. Public Child health Reports, 129, pp.5-8.
Carey, G., Crammond, B., & De Leeuw, E. (2015) Towards child health equity: a framework
for the application of proportionate universalism. International journal for equity in child
health, 14(1), pp.81.
Gu, W. J., Weng, C. L., Zhao, Y. T., Liu, Q. H., & Yin, R. X. (2013) Psoriasis and risk of
cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. International journal of
cardiology, 168(5), pp.4992-4996.
HF (2018) Policies for tackling obesity and creating healthier food environments. [Online].
Available at:
https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/images/uploads/publications/TAS_Food_EPI_Report_v5
.pdf (Accessed: 08 October 2018).
Kivimäki, M., Vineis, P., & Brunner, E. J. (2015) How can we reduce the global burden of
disease?. The Lancet, 386(10010), pp.2235-2237.
O’rourke, K., VanderZanden, A., Shepard, D., & Leach-Kemon, K. (2015) Cardiovascular
disease worldwide, 1990-2013. Jama, 314(18), pp.1905-1905.
Tieleman, L. (2014) Health and Nutrition in Australia. [Online]. Available at:
http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/health-and-nutrition-in-australia/ (Accessed:
08 October 2018).
Tolstykh, V. (2015) Three Ideas of Self-Determination in International Law and the
Reunification of Crimea with Russia. ZaöRV/HJIL, 75, pp.119-139.
Victoria Gov (2018) Nutrition and healthy eating - policies, strategies and guidelines.
[Online]. Available at:

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https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/public-health/preventive-health/nutrition/nutrition-and-
healthy-eating-policies-strategies-and-guidelines (Accessed: 08 October 2018).
Wadhera, R.K. and Ayanian, J.Z., (2017) Cardiovascular Medicine Amid Evolving Child
health Policy: Time to Train a Generation of Policy Leaders.
White, F. (2015) Primary child health care and public child health: foundations of universal
child health systems. Medical Principles and Practice, 24(2), pp.103-116.