Health Policies for Child, Youth, and Family Immunization (NUR212)

This report examines child, youth, and family safety concerning immunization policies in Australia, focusing on the "No Job No Pay" policy and its impact on vaccination rates. It explores the role of public health programs in reducing socio-economic inequalities in immunization coverage and emphasizes the principles of primary healthcare and health promotion. The report discusses advocacy strategies to improve immunization rates and applies principles of equity, rights, and access to immunization, particularly for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. It highlights the importance of culturally safe and competent vaccination processes, leadership, and partnerships in enhancing community health outcomes and emphasizes the need for strong vaccination policies and effective advocacy to ensure adequate child and youth safety across all social classes in Australia. The report includes in-text referencing and references to relevant literature, and it addresses key aspects of the assignment brief, including health policies, health promotion, advocacy, and principles of equity, rights, and access.

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 1
CHILD YOUTH AND FAMILY SAFETY
Student’s Name
Institution
Location of institution
Date

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 2
Health policies that apply to immunization
The risk of exposure to vaccine-preventable diseases has turned out to be a significant
threat to HealthCare providers at their workplaces. The need for healthcare providers to protect
their patients from contacting these vaccine-preventable diseases forms the primary rationale of
the immunization process. This is done to promote child, youth family safety. False perception
and lack of sufficient knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases and the vaccines have
influenced communication and acted as barriers of vaccines between the patients and the health
care providers. As a result, the world health organization, the health department in Australia in
support of their local government, did research and then came up with recommendations that,
during their implementation, eventually became policies to facilitate vaccination programs across
the country and promoted the safety health standards for the children, youths and families (Kufel,
Williams, and Weber, 2017. P199-203). It contributed a lot to occupational medicine and
infection prevention control within healthcare facilities in Australia. This paper seeks to identify
and discuss child, youth, and family concerning health policies that apply to the immunization
process in Australia.
The following are some of the policies that were initiated to cater to the child and youth
safety in Australia. One, “No Job No Pay” policy which was introduced in 20l6. This policy was
initiated to help manage the families' welfare in terms of payment of the labor force they offer to
the healthcare facilities. This policy was formulated to advocate for the employees in the
healthcare departments whose motivation for good work was undermined. The health
departments had to come up with a strategy that acts as a pacesetter for free rewards. The "No
Job No Pay" policy was initiated in 2016 to replace the nonmedical exceptions that hindered
some families from accessing the vaccination services. The parental support to their kids' health

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 3
was to be gauged in that line by supporting the "No Job No Pay" policy and to find out to what
extent it impacted on the parental attitude with regards to vaccination especially for the tax
benefit reliant families (Gostin, 2015, p1099). To ensure that this policy was effectively
implemented, an online survey was conducted to both parents and children under the age of five
years in Australia. The children were assessed based on parental knowledge on perception of
childhood vaccination and the understanding of the “No Job No Pay” policy.
The doctors were distributed all over the country to meet the health demands of the
Australian people. Concerning immunization, the nurse training, motivation, and proper
equipment were dealt with the employment board who made sure that all the facilities were
provided for. The “No Job No Pay” took off with immediate effect from 2016 after enactment by
the public. It offered a monetary reward to the health providers on an appraisal of the Australian
Childhood Immunization Register. Moreover, it gave financial motivation to providers who
attended to fully aged children who received the vaccination. It was concluded that monetary and
non-monetary incentives could be used to improve immunization uptake, especially when given
healthcare providers.
From the survey, a total of 432 parents completed the study. The majority of the parents
filled in details of having taken their children for vaccination or will be taking them shortly. This
is a good enough report to indicate that the parents have adopted the policy. Statistically, 82% of
the parents were well conversant with the "No Job No Pay" policy. They had a belief that
vaccine-preventable diseases are significantly risking the health outcomes of their young ones.
This was noted mainly when they are unvaccinated in the right and expected time (Kufel,
Williams, and Weber, 2017. P199-203). The parents that entirely depended on the financial relief

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 4
from the “No Job No Pay” policy significantly preferred to vaccinate their children without any
hesitation.
It was established that there is widespread support of the “No Job No Pay” policy among
parents on children aged five years and bellow. On the contrary, parents that relied on the
financial incentives adopted the full stretch of the system. Childhood vaccination in Australia can
be advanced by increasing the number of vaccination facilities and services (Yang and
Silverman, 2015, p247). To ensure that this happens, the health administration in Australia has to
develop mechanisms of overcoming the barriers that might hinder the progress of the policy.
The second policy emphasized the role of the public health program in reducing socio-
economic inequalities in childhood immunization coverage both for the private and public
sectors. The plans are aimed at eliminating any barrier that might be caused by iniquity, outreach
services, and immunization coverage. In 1990, a survey conducted by the Matlab Maternal and
Child Health/Family Planning Project (MCH-FP) in Bangladesh, out of 4430 people reached,
3541 had access to immunization programs in rural land. This implies that even though the
immunization program was to reach every child in the ground, still some children had no access
to these services (Kufel, Williams, and Weber, 2017. P199-203). This was due to low parental
knowledge on immunization programs, little schooling for female parents, and inadequate health
facilities provided by the government. Residents in the MCH-FP areas were hardly reached out
for immunization programs due to the effects of social and economic hindrances to vaccine
distribution. Thus, public health programs aimed at reducing the prevailing socio-economic and
gender differentials in vaccine receipt among children, youths, and families.
Principles of health promotion and its relevance to child and youth safety

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 5
Primary healthcare is essential health care that is made universally acceptable and
accessible to every family via participation and at an affordable cost for every child and youth in
the community. Concerning immunization, primary healthcare would mean that the vaccination
program is made accessible to all the children in Australia. There are several principles, among
which are drug viability, treatment, education, water and sanitation, child and maternal health,
immunization, prevention of pandemic diseases, and many others. All these policies are drafted
to cater to healthcare safety of the children, youths, and families in Australia.
The community seeks to expand the immunization options against major infectious
diseases by the provision of essential technologies for health, prevention, and control of non-
communicable diseases and significant arrangement of vaccines. For example, referring to the
principle of equitable distribution of healthcare, primary healthcare should be able to solve the
significant health problems in a community. As well, healthcare should be provided equally to
every youth regardless of gender, age, and urban/rural (Lewallen, Hunt, Potts‐Datema, Zaza, and
Giles, 2015, p734). For this to happen, the heavy reliance of the community on the participation-
comprehensive healthcare will require that the government, through the department of health,
ensure equitable distribution of trained physicians and allied health professionals. Furthermore,
they educate community health workers, nurses, and locally and referral levels healthcare
providers to every region in Australia.
Similarly, the health department should ensure that they deploy the appropriate and most
effective medical technologies. The technologies provide easy access, afford, feasibly, and
culturally accept the health consequences at the community level (Yang, and Silverman, 2015,
p247). Besides, the health department should see unto it that there is a maximum contribution of

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 6
all the related sectors in health to help balance the social and economic development of the
societies.
Application of advocacy for child, youth and family immunization
Healthcare advocacy refers to strategic efforts set to achieve change through creating an
enabling environment and commitment to political, religious leaders to ensuring the safety for
their children and families. In vaccination, support can be used to refer to a situation where the
key decision-makers have access to all the information and evidence to make the right decision.
These decisions are arrived at taking into consideration the safety health measures for the
children, youths, and families. They should be made aware of the newly introduced vaccines and
be able to provide financial support whenever needed. In such a system, every person will be
able to access their recommended vaccines. Advocacy brings people together through amplifying
voice for change, improving immunization to save millions of children's lives, and helping
decision-makers to clarify issues and solutions.
In the application of advocacy to immunization, it can be used to affect changes in the
government and community policies. It aims at making changes to the current health system by
changing behavior, practices, attitude, and policies. As well, advocacy for immunization and
vaccines is substantial globally, nationally, regionally, and communally (Moran, Lucas, Everhart,
Morgan, and Prickett, 2016, p156). Each level in this stage has its mandates and way of
conducting its operations without interfering with each other. However, there is a common link
for all the standards, such as keeping global communication high on developmental agendas,
encouraging equity in reaching every child, and supporting continuous funding to the third world
and developing countries.
Apply the principles of equity, rights, and access applicable to this immunization

Child, Youth, and Family Safety: 7
In improving the health status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people, the laws
of health should be effected in every region. Improvements in the health sector are due to the
facilitation of factors that are acceptable to the Australian people irrespective of their social
classes. The health standards had advanced since the 1070s when the healthcare principles took
the course in Australia. The infant mortality rate reduced remarkably; as a result improving the
general health of the public (Moran, Lucas, Everhart, Morgan, and Prickett, 2016, p159). In this
section, we shall discuss the principles of health such as equity, right, and access to
immunization, as can be depicted in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people.
To begin with, access. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders children and their
families should have access to the locally and culturally safety, comprehensive primary
healthcare services, and well equip communally led health centers. In such a holistic manner to
cater to the needs of health for the population (Kufel, Williams, and Weber, 2017, p205). To
improve these principles, the government needs to improve the road network, build adequate and
reliable healthcare facilities. As well, the health sector should enable and promote
technologically improved facilities, provide a quality education that is rich in the immunization
program and vaccine distribution, and formulation.
Second, equity and equality. The health services should be planned in such a way that
every child and family get the most equitable health services. Child and family health services
should be designed and delivered to meet the diverse needs of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islanders. Especially the children and families of all backgrounds of all communities, to remove
discrimination brought by inequities (Chen, and Stevens, 2016, p1087). They seek to improve
the health outcomes of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander locals.

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Every child under the Australian legislation has a right to immunization in every facility
in the land. That is their constitutional right that the health department should ensure is not
deprived of them. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families should act on behalf of their
children by taking them to the clinics for vaccination. Failure to which the child might develop
health complications in his youth hood and the future (Gostin, 2015, p1099). To ensure that the
right to health provision to every child is attained, the health leadership should distribute the
vaccines, doctors, and healthcare professionals to every community clinic.
Many other principles in this sector have not been expounded, but in one way or the other
have improved health outcomes, especially in the immunization department. Leadership and
partnership, workforce development, culturally safe and competent vaccination processes are,
but a few mentioned elements that contribute to the betterment of the community lives (Bartlett,
Hart, Satterthwaite, and Missair, 2016, p514).
In conclusion, for a child and youth safety to be adequate and touching to every social
class in Australia, the health department, and the community health providers should instill
strong vaccination policies. Besides, they should state clear advocacies and enhance effective
strategies to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The health amenities should be
improved to fit the current technological advancements and generational standards.
Immunization is a fundamental process that should be empowered in every community to reach
every child, youth, and family.

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References
Bartlett, S., Hart, R., Satterthwaite, D., de la Barra, X. and Missair, A., 2016. Cities for children:
children's rights, poverty and urban management. Routledge.
Chen, I.H., Hsu, S.M., Wu, J.S.J., Wang, Y.T., Lin, Y.K., Chung, M.H., Huang, P.H. and Miao,
N.F., 2019. Determinants of Nurses’ Willingness to Receive Vaccines: Application of the Health
Belief Model. Journal of clinical nursing.
Gostin, L.O., 2015. Law, ethics, and public health in the vaccination debates: politics of the
measles outbreak. Jama, 313(11), pp.1099-1100.
Hudak, M.L., Helm, M.E., White, P.H., and Committee on Child Health Financing, 2017.
Principles of child health care financing. Pediatrics, 140(3), p.e20172098.
Kufel, W.D., M. Williams, D., and Weber, D.J., 2017. Improving immunization practices in
United States hospitals and health systems. International Journal of Health Governance, 22(3),
pp.199-211.
Lewallen, T.C., Hunt, H., Potts‐Datema, W., Zaza, S., and Giles, W., 2015. The whole school,
the whole community, whole child model: A new approach for improving educational attainment
and healthy development for students. Journal of School Health, 85(11), pp.729-739.
Moran, M.B., Lucas, M., Everhart, K., Morgan, A., and Prickett, E., 2016. What makes anti-
vaccine websites persuasive? A content analysis of techniques used by anti-vaccine websites to
engender anti-vaccine sentiment. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 9(3), pp.151-163.
Yang, Y.T., and Silverman, R.D., 2015. Legislative prescriptions for controlling nonmedical
vaccine exemptions. JaMa, 313(3), pp.247-248.