This report provides a detailed overview of chronic illness in Australia, examining its definition, key indicators, and determinants. It explores the impact of these diseases on various populations, including children, adolescents, and Indigenous Australians. The report highlights common chronic conditions like cardiovascular disease, asthma, and diabetes, along with the associated burden of disease, disability, and healthcare expenditure. It also discusses primary health interventions and chronic management plans implemented in Australia. The analysis draws on data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and other sources, offering insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies related to chronic illnesses. The report emphasizes the need for continued efforts to reduce mortality rates and improve the quality of life for those affected by these conditions, offering a comprehensive view of the current state and future challenges in addressing chronic illness in Australia.