Research Report: New Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Kidney Disease

This report provides an overview of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), detailing its definition as a gradual loss of kidney function, the associated complications such as electrolyte imbalances, and the symptoms experienced by patients, including fatigue and swelling. It explores current therapies, including dialysis and medications like angiotensin receptor blockers, while also highlighting the significance of lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise. The report then focuses on a new therapeutic target, the DAB2 pathway, and its potential in treating CKD. Research indicates that the decline of DAB2 may prevent the condition, and the report explains how genetic variations influence gene expression in kidney cells. The conclusion summarizes the key findings, emphasizing the importance of the DAB2 pathway as a potential target for future CKD treatments and the development of effective drugs. The references include journal articles and online resources supporting the information presented.

New Targets for Therapy
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Description of disorder....................................................................................................................3
Current therapies..............................................................................................................................3
New target........................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5
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INTRODUCTION
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is referred as gradual loss of functions of Kidney. It is also
known as chronic kidney failure in which the kidneys are not able to filter the blood which
resulted to build up of electrolytes, fluids and waste in the body (Cheung, and et. al., 2017). This
report covers description about chronic kidney disease and its current treatments. It also includes
new target of the disease and its role in new physiology.
Description of disorder
Chronic kidney disease involves condition which damage kidneys of a person and declines
their ability to stay healthy. If it gets worse, electrolytes, wastes and fluids can build up at high
levels in the blood and make the individual feels sick. Apart from this, it may develop some
complications like anaemia, poor nutritional health, weak bones, nerve damage and high blood
pressure (Cheung, and et. al., 2017). The symptoms of chronic kidney disease include a person is
having trouble in sleeping, poor appetite, swelling feet and ankles, dry and itchy skin, have less
energy and more tired, trouble in concentrating, muscle cramping at night etc. In people with
chronic kidney disease, heart disease is the leading cause of death. It decreased the immune
response which makes a person more vulnerable to infection. It also weakens the bone and
maximize the risk of bone fractures and also damage central nervous system of a person.
Current therapies
The current treatments available for chronic kidney disease includes dialysis, kidney
friendly diet, medications etc. Apart from this, angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitors complies the standard of care in order to treat chronic kidney
disease. This therapy not only emphasize on reducing proteinuria, but also declines the number
of diabetic patients yearly going on to need dialysis (CURRENT THERAPY OF CHRONIC
KIDNEY DISEASE, 2016). This therapy helps in normalising the glomerular hyper filtration in
kidney. Apart from this, dialysis also helps in replicating the functions of kidney. In the process
of dialysis, excess fluids and waste products are removing from the blood. There are two key
types of dialysis including haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. In addition to this, good control
over high blood pressure is very necessary for protecting the kidneys. Healthy diet and physical
activities also helps in managing chronic kidney disease in an effective way. Regular physical
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exercise is very necessary for maintaining the blood pressure levels which controls chronic
conditions like heart disease and diabetes.
New target
Chronic kidney disease is one among the most economically costly and deadly disease faced
by people. It effects one in 10 individuals worldwide and its prevalence is increasing
continuously. This disease may be caused by high blood pressure, diabetes and other disorders.
So, in treating the chronic kidney disease, DAB2 pathway could be an essential target as mouse
model depicts a decline in DAB2 which leads to prevention of condition. The researchers
investigated the way genetic differences drive different expressions of genes in filtrating cells of
kidneys. The researches emphasizes on DAB2 gene from TGF beta pathway and they found that
the genes are connected to other genes central to kidney function (Targets for chronic kidney
disease treatment, 2018). The experiments done through utilizing mouse models confirmed that
decrease of DAB2 level meant that mice were protected from chronic kidney disease. Its
declining level led to cytokine TGF - beta pathway not persuading fibrosis as healing reaction.
Apart from this, the organs on chip technology gives an environment which emulates main
aspect of physiology of kidney, involving fluidic channels which are lined with cells in correct
architecture. The utility of 3D kidney tissue models - bio printing make the researches able to
rapidly design as well as fabricate wider variety of vascularized human tissues (Midgley, and et.
al., 2020). The role of this target in normal physiology is to find out which molecules have gone
awry to cause disease so as to develop drugs to offset overactive molecules which leads to cause
damage to healthy tissue. With the help of this new target study, researchers able to know about
the way genetic variation impacts messenger RNA expression in cells of kidney. They combined
this info, with that from GWAS (genome-wide association analysis) as well as more precise
approaches in order to ascertain genes which are associated with chronic kidney disease. This in
turn helps in developing an effective drug to treat chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report, it has been concluded that Chronic kidney disease
damages the function of kidney to filter waste products from blood. Due to it, a person faces
many complications including poor nutritional health, high blood pressure, anaemia etc. The
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, dialysis etc. are the current available therapies
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of chronic kidney disease. In treating the disease, the DAB2 pathway can be the main target as
mouse model declines the level of DAB2 which ultimately lead to prevention of chronic kidney
disease.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Cheung, A.K., and et. al., 2017. Effects of intensive BP control in CKD. Journal of the American
Society of Nephrology, 28(9), pp.2812-2823.
Brück, K., and et. al., 2016. CKD prevalence varies across the European general
population. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 27(7), pp.2135-2147.
Midgley, A.C., and et. al., 2020. Multifunctional Natural Polymer Nanoparticles as Antifibrotic
Gene Carriers for CKD Therapy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
Online
CURRENT THERAPY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423404/>
Targets for chronic kidney disease treatment, 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/35902/targets-ckd-treatment/>
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