Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Human Body: A Research Project

This research project investigates the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the human body, focusing on a case study from Royal Free Hospital. The study explores the disease's effects, including its impact on mental health, physical symptoms, and lifestyle changes. The project outlines the research methodology, including literature reviews, data analysis, and ethical considerations. It also examines various factors contributing to CKD, such as high blood pressure, kidney stones, and infections. The research delves into the changes individuals face in their daily lives due to CKD, offering guidance on healthy diets and lifestyle adjustments. The project concludes with recommendations for healthcare professionals and patients, emphasizing the importance of early detection, proper management, and support for those affected by CKD.

RESEARCH PROJECT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Formulate and record research project outline specification................................................1
1.2 Factors contribute to the process of research project............................................................2
1.3 Critical review ......................................................................................................................3
1.4 Research project specification...............................................................................................5
1.5 Appropriate plan and procedures..........................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Match resources efficiently for research question................................................................6
2.2 Proposed research investigation............................................................................................6
2.3 Collate relevant data..............................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Research evaluation techniques............................................................................................8
3.2 Interpretation of results.........................................................................................................9
3.3 Recommendation and Conclusion.......................................................................................15
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................15
4.1 Appropriate media for presenting outcomes.......................................................................15
REFERNCES.................................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Research project is carried out in order to study about any topic in detail. It is done to
know more about that topic and how that research can be used within organisation. Research is
crucial for every organisation to carry put in order to ensure better decision making and
strategies for company (Levey and Coresh, 2012). In this research project, Royal Free Hospital is
carrying out the research related to chronic kidney disease as it is deadly disease and more
people are getting ill due to this disease. This project will highlight all points related to how the
research was conducted, what all methods were used to gather information and various
interpretations. This will also focus on recommendations and research methodology which will
enlighten different sources and data sampling points used at the time of research.
TASK 1
1.1 Formulate and record research project outline specification
Research project helps organisation to develop effective strategies as well as formulate
best strategies by considering all facts and information obtained from research. It carries out
detailed investigation of some topic which requires research. In this project, cases related to
chronic kidney disease are increasing and people are suffering from this. So, Royal Hospital is
investigating the root cause of this disease and what precautions can people take to avoid this
disease (Webster and et al, 2017). It also identifies different ways, how it can be cured and
treated in better manner. Chronic kidney disease have normal symptoms like nausea, vomiting,
fatigue, weakness, sleep problems, etc. and mostly people ignores it which become serious
problem in future. I have carried out the research by gathering information and facts to know
more about the disease. My project is based on one of the most effective subject that is “creative
marketing”. It means main title which is given below:
Title:- “To determine the impact of chronic kidney disease on human body: A case
study on Royal free hospital”
I am carrying out detailed investigation on the impact of kidney disease on human body
as it is a chronic disease and pose negative impact on humans. Kidneys are mainly responsible
for excretion and due to some disease it leads to improper functioning of kidneys which highly
deteriorate the health of a person (Jha and et al, 2013). With the help of research, I can find out

different treatment which can be used to cure the disease. Main objectives of this research are
mentioned below-
 To identify the major impact of chronic disease on human body.
 To determine the different reason behind kidney related health problems.
 To ascertain the changes encountered by a person in their daily routine.
Research questions
 What are the major impact of chronic disease on human body?
 Identify various reasons behind occurrence of kidney related health issues?
 What are the changes faced by person in their regular life?
1.2 Factors contribute to the process of research project
Conducting research is a tough task and I require great patience to handle it. In this case,
it is directly dealing with person's health and it becomes more crucial to perform research in right
direction (Coca, Singanamala and Parikh, 2012). There is no scope for any kind of mistakes and
errors at the time of research. There is an appropriate process to carry out research and I have
followed in that manner to get better results. Following are those steps:
 Introduction: In this step, I took a topic for research and done prior preparations to
carry out effectively. I have implemented different research methods to carry the
research more precisely. Basically, in this stage overall description or accurate path is
going to explained in order to understand the meaning of the subject area.
 Literature review: In this step, I collected information from various sources like
journals, book, articles. By this, I come to know more about the topic. It is an important
step in my research process. With depth knowledge, I can properly run my research in
better manner. Basically, this process helps in identifying accurate information on
specific subject area which aids in decisional procedure. It helps in understanding each
or every aspects by analysing various information and data which are acquired from
distinct theorist.
 Research methodology: This includes different sources form where I have collected
the information like, primary and secondary sources. Type of research is also covered
under this and they can be quantitative and qualitative. In addition to that, ethical
consideration will be included. This section consist of various information and data
from several sources in order to support researcher team while making final decision.

However, various methods are used to identify distinct facts or figures in order to come
at final conclusion.
 Data analysis: In this, I have done proper analysis in order to understand about the
topic in depth. Every member have their own set of opinions and views towards
specific concept. Thus, due to which company needs to interpret the data for
understanding opinions of other to implement modification at workplace as well as
product.
 Recommendations and conclusion: It includes suggestion from experts and other
professionals related to research topic. This helps in increasing the efficiency of
research project. Along with this, I have conducted the research which includes the
overview or summary of the project. Conclusion includes all details and investigation in
concise form and helps in understanding the project in less time. Final decision is going
to explained on the basis of entire findings which is identified during data interpretation
process.
1.3 Critical review
The major impact of chronic kidney disease on human body
Chronic kidney disease can be described as a kind of kidney problem which includes the
gradual loss of functional ability of this organ which occur within several months or years.
Various types of early symptoms are observed such as leg swelling, feeling tired, high blood
pressure, bone disease or appetite. According to Paige Wyant, different types of impacts are
observed on human body (Chawla and et. al., 2011). A person have to face several problems
such as depression, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, exhaustion, despair, anger, frustration and
sadness. I have done research on case of Royal free hospital, all these factors are not suitable for
human being to live a comfortable lives. These symptoms are regulated from the mind and hence
other functions also get affected by them accordingly. Some of impacts of this disease which are
observed by me are given below:
Invisible illness: - A patient suffering from chronic disease gain that mental status so that
they get confused or question marked on their own feelings or views. And this will become a
reason behind their behaviour of not giving any justification to anybody.
Loss of intimacy: - In this problem, a person loose closeness with family and friends due
to this disease because it is responsible for separating an individual from their loving ones

(Chawla and et al, 2014). Several spots or signs are observed due on skin due to which patient
may feel embarrassing and avoid to remain with family members and remain alone always.
Now, the impact of chronic kidney problem on body image are also observed which can
involve various aspects. In many cases, an individual have to use several physical is that impacts
on their image in front of society and they remain alone from the other people.
Various reasons behind occurrence of kidney related health issues
My research is based on an important part of human body named as kidney that is an
important organ of human body which has an essential function of filtration of several
fluids of body in proper manner. There are various kinds of reasons due to which kidney
is not able to clean blood properly and them it may fail due to overloaded toxicity in body
(Peralta and et al, 2011). As per given scenario of Royal free hospital, high blood
pressure is not good for kidneys as it is responsible for increasing pressure on glomeruli
which are tiny blood vessels where blood get cleaned. According to Christian Nordqvist,
several reasons are there which are accountable for occurring chronic kidney disease
which are as follows:
Kidney stones: - This is a common problem of kidney which is generally observed in
many individuals of different sizes. They occur when minerals and other substances in blood
crystallise in kidneys to become stones (Yale and et al, 2013). These stones are dissolved and
removed by proper treatment from body but they are responsible for creating toxic infection in
kidney which impacts on regular function of the same organ in body.
Glomerulonephritis: - It can be described as an inflammation of glomeruli which is
generally caused by infections, drugs or congenital abnormalities. As per Levey & Coresh, it is
simply about infection in glomeruli which are small structures having role of cleaning blood. I
have find out that this problem is accountable for chronic kidney disease in which it does not
work properly to conduct regular functions in body.
Polycystic kidney disease: - This can be considered as genetic disorder which transferred
from one generation next. It includes that growth of numerous cyst in fluid that interfere in
function of kidney hence cause failure of the same. Main thing is that, single kidney cyst is
almost harmless but the condition of polycystic will results into a serious condition of patient.
This critical infection of kidney can be considered as cause behind chronic kidney disease
(Jamal and et al, 2013).

Urinary tract infections (UTIs): - The term urinary tract infections can be described as
several problems which are occur in urinary system of an individual. According to the views of
Polzin, these issues of urinary part of body is due to some of bacterial infection which is occur
due to interference of bacteria in human genital tract. These problems are usually observed in
some specific parts of urinary system such as urethra and bladder. I have analysed that such
infective issues are treated easily and does not become critical which may rarely lead to more
health problems. But these infections are spread to kidneys and cause failure of the same.
The changes faced by person in their regular life due to chronic kidney disease
There are various types of changes which are faced by an individual who is suffering
from chronic kidney disease in regular life. It will become mandatory to such people to strictly
follow the desired food habits and daily exercise to spend a healthy and comfortable life. Royal
free hospital have to provide an accurate indications to these persons to have a healthy life. I
have observe and analyse that this health issue is occur due to several other issues such as
infections, diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney stones, circulation problems and reactions to
medicine. In this condition, a person have to change various habits of daily routine and follow
instructions of medical specialists properly to spend life in comfortable way. These people have
to put efforts to accept several guideline regarding to their regular routine habits (Vaziri And et
al, 2013). Some of them are described below:
Guide to healthy diet:- This can be described about several kinds of healthy habits
which are necessary to be established by an appropriate efforts by patient which is suffering from
chronic kidney diseases. According to Carrión, it includes food with low sodium, right amount of
protein, heart- healthy food, low amount of phosphorus and many more.
Exercise to manage chronic kidney disease: - It involves the criteria of regular exercise
in correct way to gain support to manage status of this critical disease properly. It helps to
strengthen muscles, gain more energy etc.
Eliminate bad habits: - This is very important because few of bad habits are responsible
for leading serious stage of this disease (Alonso and et. al., 2011). As per my findings of
research, it is necessary for patients to avoid alcohol consumption, smoking, eating fatty foods
and living high stress lifestyle.
Generated risks: - There are several disease which may gained if a person will not take
care of themselves properly. As per views of Sinnakirouchenan & Holley, it leads to face

complications of heart disease and strokes as well. It is mandatory for such patients to accept
proper plan of daily routine activities prescribed by doctors in an appropriate manner.
1.4 Research project specification
It includes major targets and objectives of research project. This helps me in providing
proper direction while carrying out my investigation. It also facilitates timely achievement of my
targets and aim of research. In this research project, I have mentioned main objectives as it is
important to highlight the disease as it is directly dealing with the health of humans. Research
specification also includes different ways and techniques which can be used to carry out the
study such as sources of information, types and methods of research, etc (Astorand et al, 2011).
The motive of writing down research specification is to give ideas to researcher about the finding
related to topics and directing them towards right direction of investigation. It also involves
many questionnaires framed by the my related to topic which provide them information about the
direction of survey.
1.5 Appropriate plan and procedures
Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart which helped me to manage, coordinate, track and
schedule my tasks related to research. It lists down all the tasks which will be achieved on
vertical axis and time intervals on the horizontal axis. With the help of this graphs, I can achieve
my targets and aims on time. Other useful method is work breakdown structure, this structure
helps me in dividing complex and multiple tasks in to manageable tasks. It become easier for me
to carry out their activities in given time frame. Hence, I can achieve their goals proficiently.
This breakdown is done by superiors so that research can be carried out in proper manner.

TASK 2
2.1 Match resources efficiently for research question
Information or data can be gathered from different sources like primary and secondary.
This sources help in getting appropriate knowledge related to research topic and reduce the
chances of errors. In this research project, I can study different cases related to chronic kidney
disease and their impact on humans. By using primary and secondary sources, they can collect
relevant data about cause, precaution, symptoms related to kidney diseases and can easily
develop their treatment and medication (Bucaloiu and et al, 2012). Primary sources mainly
includes – direct questionnaires with patients, interview with patients and doctors, historical
documents, etc. On the other hand, secondary sources includes – magazines, books, newspapers,
articles, etc. With this they can understand about the cause and can carry out their research more
effectively. In order to attain given objectives researcher uses various resources for acquiring
relevant data such as; survey on customers, open ended questions asked by customers and so on.
Hence, it has been understood that authors viewpoints supports to attain various objectives
which was expressed above. For example; identifying of various problems faced by individual
due to chronic disease is identified with the help of various customers which are encountered by
patients.
2.2 Proposed research investigation
The research investigation is carried out by organisations to complete some of specific
aims or objectives to determine something important. It is necessary to conduct this procedure
with more innovative and creative method in effective as well as efficient manner to generate
required outcomes properly. Every company is needed to boost up their productivity and
profitability on regular basis which required to know about actual requirements of customer
along with gaining information about changing trends of market as well. The firm can conduct

certain activities to collect an appropriate information to carrying out an accurate research events
to gain required outputs. The ways that are considered by enterprises are given below:
Random sampling: - This can be described an effective method in which randomly taken
sample is studied thoroughly to get desired outcomes in terms of gaining actual information
about specific problem. This is helpful to identify actual facts to take desired steps towards them
to get better outcomes.
Questionnaire: - It includes format of several questions through which people an accurate
information about views of customers can be determined properly to get actual facts properly. It
is distribute to particular group of people on which whole research is going on and then compile
their views to get better facts and findings (Shurraw and et al, 2011). This will facilitate to
determine actual requirements as per situation and support to take desired actions to improve
profits of company
2.3 Collate relevant data
Questionnaire
Name.............................................................................................................................................
Gender...........................................................................................................................................
Age................................................................................................................................................
Q1. What nutrition are avoided by you as per specialist recommendations? Mushrooms pot Beams & Peas pha Dates & raisins pot All of the above
Q2. What are the normal health problems faced by a person suffering from kidney issues? Pain in the kidney area Blood in urine High blood pressure All the above
Q3. What kind of treatment is favourable for as per doctors prescription? Haemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis

 Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)
Q4. Stage of kidney disease from which you are suffered? Acute kidney function Chronic kidney function
Q5. What are the symptoms of stage 3 of kidney disease? Fatigue Fluid retention Urination changes Sleepy problems
Q6. What factors are responsible for chronic kidney disease according to your views?
Hypertension Diabetes Frequent use of pain killer tablets Long term infection in RTI
Q7. Suggestion for further improvements?
TASK 3
3.1 Research evaluation techniques
It is necessary for the researcher to examine all options that are available so that proper
technique can be formulated in corrective manner. It is necessary to achieve high outcomes so
that final objective of research study could be accomplished. There are number of tools and
techniques that are available hence, it is required to examine its efficiency so that proper and
correct technique could be implemented (Carrero And et al, 2013). There are number of
evaluation ways through which evaluation work process is conducted that are described below:
 Summative Assessment Method: In this type of evaluation technique, researcher focuses
on that activity which is important and necessary to conduct research project. It is
essential to make research project achievable so that objective could be met out