LC564: Analyzing Citizenship, Community, and Welfare in Education

This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of citizenship and welfare provision within the domain of education policy. It explores the evolving conceptions of citizenship, forms of welfare provision, and their interrelation over time. The essay delves into the historical context of education, contrasting past challenges such as limited resources and gender inequality with the advancements brought about by modernization and digitalization. It discusses key concepts like welfare state, community development, and citizenship, highlighting the roles of various institutions (state, families, market) in shaping education. The essay also examines the impact of theories like TH Marshall's on understanding citizenship and its connection to social and political privileges. Furthermore, it contrasts modernity and late modernity in the context of education, emphasizing the shift towards technology-driven learning and the focus on inclusivity for individuals with disabilities. The analysis concludes by linking modernity theory to welfare provision, emphasizing the importance of universality and cultural sensitivity in addressing societal needs through education.

CITIZENSHIP
COMMUNITY AND
WELFARE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
ESSAY.............................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Education is considered as one of those elements or resources that contribute to make
communities progressive and developed in effective manner (Westoby, Lathouras and Shevellar,
2019). It is fact that the education system in the UK plays significant role in the context of
making individual person capable to live a better life and support in community wellfare. In the
United Kingdom the education system is compulsory until the age of 18. While, it is essential for
child at the age of 16, to go to school, which make them capable to grow and achieve their aims,
whether it is small, medium or large term (Karnel, 2018).
The current assignment will be based on education as a chosen topic, which refer to
strategic procedure of facilitating learning and acquisition of skills, comprehending and values
that aid to grow, either at personal or professional level. In the past, education is not considered
as prior thing, that means people are not getting knowledge about key aspects. They usually do
not prefer to study further and engage their children's to do so that impact their growth and mind
development. In the recent time, the process and overall system of education is changed
because of varied factors that contributes to make it effective than ever (Nieuwenhuis, Kleinepier
and van Ham, 2021).
There are number of issues or challenges associated with education system in the past
such as lack of capital, expensive higher education, lack of appropriate funding, lack of gender
equality in educational institutes, poor quality of study, lack of education resources and educator
shortage (Abdullaeva and Gafurova, 2020). Each issue leads to decrease the effectiveness of
education as key element that provide benefits to communities or societies in strategic manner.
All these issues are still existed in the world that affect the overall education process in
the varied nations (Mann and Lohrmann, 2019). In the context of any issue the appropriate
theory may apply that provide specific direction or suggestion related to that.
The mission of current essay is to analyse conceptions of citizenship and forms of well-
fare provision as well as approaches in which citizenship, community and well-fare have
changed and evolved in relation to each other over time, within education as a specific policy
domains.
ESSAY
According to, Cafer, Green and Goreham, (2019) education is defined as discipline that is
concerned with approaches of learning and teaching in the educational institutes or school like

environments as opposed to varied formal and non-formal mean of socialization. While, …
stated that education is the best process that enable individuals able to get knowledge and
develop their comprehending, regarding varied useful subjects that they utilize in the future.
Education as strategic procedure become the main success and growth factor of economy or
community, as it drives the attention of individual person, especially children's between age 16-
18, toward developing themselves in form of gaining knowledge.
O’Flaherty and Liddy, (2018) defines that education is considered as transmission of
appropriate understanding of a community and values. In this manner, it is equivalent to what
social professionals term enculturation or socialization.
On the other hand, Salmon, (2019) defines that education is the main source of a nation
growth as it decides its success, development and level of growth in the world, that enable
individual citizen who live in a specific country and take approach to grow, either personal or
professional level. Education term is usually related with the varied concepts such as welfare
state, community development and citizenship.
Welfare provision- this term lays down all the beneficial and essential provisions or
rules that related to health and welfare of community or individual person. Particular needs,
vulnerabilities and risks are those issues that welfare provision in the context of education as
chosen domain intended to solve in effective and appropriate manner (Cornish, 2019). Each issue
may put negative impact on specific group of individuals in negative manner. For example, it
may affect delivery of welfare service and companies who are accountable to provide education.
Each institution such as state, families, market and voluntary sector firms may play important
role in regard to education in form of surveillance, and creating disciplines that associated with
specific type of welfare provision, that may affect positively upon individual growth, along with
nation's, community and citizens development (Van Zanten, 2019). The society or community
well-fare depends on mix of institutions like state and other that define above. As each institution
may contribute to make individual person educated who may support community, For example,
UK governmental bodies may strive to perform better and in appropriate manner in term of
making practical approaches more intensive. Their contribution and support may put positive
impact on education as selected domain.
Citizenship, is defined as legal status of a person as a legal member of a sovereign state
or region. In a nation, individual person may fall under the category of citizenship due to varied

reasons (Pashby, 2020). As a citizen they bore in specific country such as UK and obtain
nationality of one or both parents, who live in a state from longer time period. By being a citizen
of United Kingdom, individual person may get a lot of benefits in term of educational and other
types of facilities.
There are number of principles and values exist in the world that individual person is
accountable to consider or take into their consideration, that inform strategically social
participation amongst a person who is a citizen of particular nation and key social organizations.
Equality is the best principle that inform effectively and appropriately social evolvement,
amongst citizens in term of providing them fair chance to engage themselves in any social
activity that in turn provide key benefits to them (Ryghaug, Skjølsvold and Heidenreich, 2018).
Personal responsibility is another value that also inform the similar term and enable person to
engage themselves in the context of social participation. By helping socially excluded
communities and individuals in order to overcome inequalities they face, a person become good
citizen. Government legally consider these people as a good citizen, because they help those who
live around them, but to not consider those who may came in UK and start living for personal or
professional reasons. Citizenship is one of those concepts that intersects with number of
significant aspects related to social identify such as class, age, gender, etc. For example, by
considering each aspect of social identity, a person citizenship or membership in a social group
might be determined. The theory of TH Marshall may provide in depth understanding related to
citizenship as it claimed that this term in Britain may usually bestow on individual member of
high status social unit as a single package of civil, social and political privileges. Marshall has
argued that contemporary state developed a new democratic form of community or society
membership compared to modernity in which number of benefits were only for membership with
high status (Hooghe and Oser, 2018). Citizenship in Marshall’s concept is defined as social
accountabilities that a person or individual who live in a nation has and effort to fulfil in
effective manner. He clearly state that capitalism and contemporary state emerge, a new legally
and egalitarian define form of society membership began to take shape. This form of new type of
citizenship tardily pulled a part the set of privileges.
Earlier the education system in the UK and other nation is quite different from now as
it does not provide better understanding, learning and knowledge to individual person about
varied concepts that they may utilize to become an education person. Modernity refers to the

state of condition or quality of being modern, while late modernity is defined as characterization
of recently highly developed nations such as UK, and societies. These two terms may make
changes in education, as modernity era, define common education system. In case of late
modernity people prefer to use technologies to study at home instead of doing educational
institutes. It is fact that before capitalism development there were poor professionalism exist that
may contribute to improve education system in appropriate manner (MÓL and MICUŁA, 2019).
It can be said that the ancient education system usually concentrate on imparting ethics like
trustfulness, self-reliance, discipline and other factors to students, which they may mostly
understand, in the families and others. Due to lack of resources and other issues that education
system earlier become less effective that may do not support community and social well-fare in
appropriate manner (Kriesi and Schweri, 2019). The early years' education may take place in
variety of setting including nursery classes, reception classes, etc. The reformation of educational
institutes and whole world may make the overall system of teaching and learning effective than
ever. The development of market and contemporary form of industries, affect positively upon
education system, as they may contribute to make this process useful and beneficial for each
stakeholder. The past education process associated number of challenges that lead to decrease
individual person capability.
Present educational system- recently the educational system become much digitalize as
people prefer to use additional technologies, just to teach and learn something about diverse
topics that they may use to achieve strategic aim (Aperyan, 2021). It is fact that in the UK,
current education system usually revolve around grooming individual person or citizens, in term
of developing knowledge about varied things, which is essential for them to study or
comprehend in systematic manner. In the nation, this system now is well-structured in term of
value added concepts or elements such as resources, experts, technologies, etc. that allow
individual to take pleasure of education system in appropriate manner. The overall
transformation enable students to falls under different categories on the basis of age and learning
effectiveness that may drive tutor to plan everything accordingly. From last few years the
education system in the world has been increased or improved, because of some factors'
accessibility that affect the concept in positive manner in which digitalization is included. Due to
each factor, this concept is now quite different and effective, that aid person to grow and

succeed. The education system in the recent time may focus on each and every person, especially
who may face health issue such as learning or hearing disability.
Modernity theory, is one of those models with welfare provision related to education
might be associated. As it argues that as societies or communities industrialize, the affect of
social background and other key features on education and socio-economic results decline, while
the achievement in the context of similar things come more essential. It can be said that the
modernity concept, may affect the welfare provision term as it featured to assist each citizen by
eliminating issues, vulnerabilities, and challenges. This framework usually focus to universality
of citizenship development, and accepts uniqueness of varied cultures, trends, and other things so
that it become more dynamic in nature. According to, Al-Kassimi, (2018) modernity theory bring
varied ideas and thoughts such as industrialism, capitalism and other that support in community
or society well-fare or welfare provision. On the other hand, Sergeyevna, Mikhailovna and
Albertovna, (2019) defined that modernity concept focus on development of cultures, values and
skills through formal educational process that apply in the context of individual person or citizen
in a specific nation. The best thing about modernization concept is that is may specify the whole
procedure related to development of number of societies, including key element such as
education that contribute to make this procedure successful.
Later modernity, is characterized by the post traditional culture, that highlight the
develop global or contemporary societies that are growing and developing day to day, in
appropriate and systematic manner (Jaros, 2019). It defines the developed international
communities as continuation of modernity or modernization more than elements of succeeding
years named as postmodern and most modernity, that affect growth and success of each and
every citizen. Late modernity is all about international capitalist economies, which may faith in
providing and privatization alter to private industry to foster for purpose of hiking standard of
living and participation of market, state, region, families and other stakeholders such as
voluntary sector companies that are needed to groom welfare tactic and plans.
Contemporary theoretical model of citizenship, is drastic in nature or scope, yet
usually liberal concept is driving attention of individual toward considering greater impact of
education on citizenship, community and other factor. This concept stated that a person or
citizens may have their rights, and priorities that they may use in appropriate manner, without
thinking twice or taking approval from the others. Each term is reflect in education system in the

UK, where voluntary and other sector companies may focus on providing fair chance to
individual about education as they may have right to grow and get knowledge in any stage of
life. The overall term is reflect in education process, United Kingdom, where governmental
bodies complete individual to send their children's above 6 to schools until 18, so it may assure
them about their rights, which they may move them toward becoming a good citizen with all the
rights that they use.
Risk vulnerability and resilience in chosen social issues- risk vulnerability is one of
those theories that associated with citizenship term, and formed by the British sociologist
Anthony Giddens. As it define the weakness and loos or any form of damage that may put
negative impact on individual person to grow and educate themselves in term of creating
restriction to use their rights. Civil right is the best example of social issue that may put negative
impact on citizenship or citizen as people prefer to live in those nations where they may get and
utilize their right to live, to work, educate and conduct practices related to other things, that help
to grow and succeed personally & professionally. The elasticity in the context of current social
issue is high as most of the people in the recent time may still do not get their rights and because
of that facing several issues that become the example of lack of appropriate educational system.
Disciplinary functions of welfare state- the primary function of a welfare state is to
afford fair chance, basic standards of living in term of keeping with individual dignity to all,
whatever their situation or position of life (Condon and Wichowsky, 2018). The welfare state
term is defined as drastic in nature, it may specify varied things that help to meet welfare state
need of individual. It may contribute to community welfare and development in form of driving
the attention of individual toward equality of chances and accessibility of basis standard that they
may consider living a normal life. It can be said that the welfare state is usually focus with
promoting an all-round well-being and development of each citizen that tend to use their right
and perform specific role in the society.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussion, it has been concluded that education system in the
nations contributed to develop the nations and citizens, in varied terms. It has improved the
living standard of local people and make them more productive than ever. It has provided
positive impact on citizenship and communities development, that drive the attention of
individual toward growth and success in unpredictable manner. Furthermore, from above

analysis, it has been identified that implication of late and other types of theories in the context
of citizenship and community move person toward welfare and well-being of individuals.
In order to make education system more useful and beneficial for community and other
aspects of a nation, that put positive impact on growth and development of society. It is fact that
below suggestions contribute to make the educational system useful and these are;
 It is important for educational institutes to focus on emerging need of children’s
regarding education, that play significant role in the context of their personal growth. It is
one of the best techniques that individual in the institute can take into their consideration,
which in turn provide a lot of benefits to students and their families in form of engaging
themselves in social activities that give them chance to become an important part of
continuous developing world.
 Another suggestion that a state and organizations can take into their consideration is
survey as it enable them to collect useful information about citizens related to education
and other rights that they can seek to use in effective manner that in turn contribute to
improve living standard and other things related to lives. It is fact that the consideration
of above two suggestions contribute to reach desire outcomes that provide the advantage
to citizen, individual and other stakeholders related to community, welfare and society
development.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Abdullaeva, M. and Gafurova, S., (2020). Challenges, experience and efficiency of distance
education system introduced in Uzbekistan’s State Conservatory during pandemic.
Eurasian music science journal. 2020(2). pp.93-110.
Al-Kassimi, K., (2018). ALBA: A decolonial delinking performance towards (western)
modernity–An alternative to development project. Cogent Social Sciences. 4(1).
p.1546418.
Aperyan, Y and et.al., (2021). The Internationalization of Higher Education in Armenia
Nowadays the Analysis of the Existing Problems. Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of
Yerevan University. 12(1 (33)). pp.79-87.
Cafer, A., Green, J. and Goreham, G., (2019). A community resilience framework for community
development practitioners building equity and adaptive capacity. Community
Development. 50(2). pp.201-216.
Condon, M. and Wichowsky, A., (2018). Developing citizen-scientists: Effects of an inquiry-
based science curriculum on STEM and civic engagement. The Elementary School
Journal. 119(2). pp.196-222.
Cornish, C., (2019). Student welfare: complexity, dilemmas and contradictions. Research in
Post-Compulsory Education. 24(2-3). pp.173-184.
Hooghe, M. and Oser, J., (2018). Social and political citizenship in European public opinion: An
empirical analysis of TH Marshall’s concept of social rights. Government and
Opposition. 53(4). pp.595-620.
Jaros, M., (2019). The Episteme of Meta-Modernity: Order, Value, and Citizenship in the Space
of Digital Finitudes. The International Journal of Social Science and Humanities
Inventions. 6(4). pp.5391-5399.
Karnel, S., (2018). The Importance of Education and the Role of Parents in Educating Their
Children Through Their Selection of Schools in India. Strength for Today and Bright
Hope for Tomorrow Volume 18: 3 March 2018 ISSN 1930-2940. p.259.
Kriesi, I. and Schweri, J., (2019). Types of education, achievement and labour market integration
over the life course. Social Inclusion. 7(3). pp.58-64.
Mann, M. J. and Lohrmann, D. K., (2019). Addressing challenges to the reliable, large-scale
implementation of effective school health education. Health Promotion Practice. 20(6).
pp.834-844.
MÓL, A. and MICUŁA, E., (2019). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NEW
EDUCATION STRUCTURE FROM 1 SEPTEMBER 2017 REFORM CONSIDERING
THE EARLIER EDUCATION SYSTEM IN SCHOOLS. In Антропологическое
знание как системообразующий фактор профессионального педагогического
образования (pp. 225-227).
Nieuwenhuis, J., Kleinepier, T. and van Ham, M., (2021). The role of exposure to neighborhood
and school poverty in understanding educational attainment. Journal of Youth and
Adolescence. 50(5). pp.872-892.
O’Flaherty, J. and Liddy, M., (2018). The impact of development education and education for
sustainable development interventions: a synthesis of the research. Environmental
Education Research. 24(7). pp.1031-1049.

Pashby, K and et.al., (2020). A meta-review of typologies of global citizenship education.
Comparative Education. 56(2). pp.144-164.
Ryghaug, M., Skjølsvold, T. M. and Heidenreich, S., (2018). Creating energy citizenship through
material participation. Social studies of science. 48(2). pp.283-303.
Salmon, G., (2019). May the fourth be with you: Creating Education 4.0. Journal of Learning for
Development. 6(2). pp.95-115.
Sergeyevna, G. M., Mikhailovna, B. T. and Albertovna, K. I., (2019). Place and role of physical
upbringing in the system of educational institutions of Russia: history and modernity.
Bulletin Social-Economic and Humanitarian Research. (3 (5)). pp.89-96.
Van Zanten, A., (2019). Neo-liberal influences in a ‘conservative’regime: the role of institutions,
family strategies, and market devices in transition to higher education in France.
Comparative Education. 55(3). pp.347-366.
Westoby, P., Lathouras, A. and Shevellar, L., (2019). Radicalising community development
within social work through popular education—A participatory action research project.
The British Journal of Social Work. 49(8). pp.2207-2225.

3