This document provides a comprehensive solution to a hydraulics assignment, addressing various aspects of fluid mechanics relevant to civil engineering. It begins by calculating pressure in a pipe and open channel, considering factors like height, density, and gravitational force. The solution then explores fluid viscosity, boundary layer effects, and the impact of temperature on these properties, differentiating between laminar and turbulent flow based on the Reynolds number and surface roughness. Furthermore, the assignment delves into practical applications, including methods to reduce water flow resistance, such as increasing water temperature, using smoother pipes, and decreasing flow velocity. It then moves on to calculations using Manning's and Darcy-Weisbach equations, determining flow rates, head loss, and pressure differences in pipe systems. The solution also examines the comparison between open channel and pipe flow, and concludes by discussing the advantages of pipe-based versus gravity-based systems, considering factors like security, cost, environmental impact, and hygiene, along with the calculation of forces exerted on car park boundary walls and the materials used in their construction.
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