B.Tech Internship Report: Spread Footing Construction at Al Mulla LLC

This internship report, submitted to Amity University Dubai, details a civil engineering student's practical training at the Al Mulla Building Contracting LLC construction site of a G+1 Ajman villa. The report focuses on spread footing techniques, examining their importance and application in building construction. It includes a literature review on shallow foundations, categorizing different types like column, wall, strap, and combined footings, and discussing their significance. The report analyzes the company's objectives, background, and project goals, emphasizing the advantages of spread footing in extending a building's lifespan by minimizing structural damage. Technical descriptions, results, discussions, and future prospects are included to provide a comprehensive understanding of the construction processes and foundation design.

Internship Report
on
PROJECT TITLE
Submitted to
Amity University Dubai
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
___________Engineering
by
Mr. ______________________________(En.No.)
Under the guidance of
Mr. _____________________________
DEPARTMENT OF ____________ ENGINEERING
Amity University Dubai
January 2018

DECLARATION
I, _____________________________, student of B.Tech (___________________) hereby declare
that the i n - h o u s e project titled “_____________________________” which is submitted by
me to the Department of _____________ Engineering, Amity University Dubai, in partial
fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
____________________, has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree,
diploma or other similar title or recognition.
Date:
Name & Signature of students
Mr. __________ (Enrollment No) :
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CERTIFICATE
On the basis of declaration submitted by Mr. ____________________, student of
B.Tech (________________ Engineering), I hereby certify that the internship titled
“____________________________________________” which is submitted to Department of
____________________ Engineering, Amity University Dubai, in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in _____________
Engineering, is an original contribution with existing knowledge and faithful record of work
carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. To the best of my knowledge this
work has not been submitted in part or full for any Degree or Diploma to this University or
elsewhere.
Date:
Dr. / Mr. ________________________
Department of _________ Engineering
Amity University Dubai
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this project was to investigate and determine the ways in which a building structure is
constructed along with its desired properties and how spread footing is used in the same. The
report would analyse rhe prospects of construction techniques that I reported at G+1 Ajman villa,
at the construction site of Al Mulla Building Contracting LLC. I have reported to Mr. Sukhdev
Singh, the company owner at the Al Mulla who further ordered me to join the project
construction site. The project would analyse the concept opf spread footing technique on
construction and its important aspects associated with the construction business. The advantages
of the concept of spread footing would be discussed that focusses on overall lifespan of a
building extended by spread footing which minimizes the structural damage.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
1.1. Company Objectives.............................................................................................................5
1.2. Background...........................................................................................................................5
1.3. Project goals and objectives..................................................................................................5
2. Literature Review........................................................................................................................6
2.1. Category of Shallow Foundation..........................................................................................7
Column Footing.......................................................................................................................7
Wall Footing............................................................................................................................7
Strap Footing...........................................................................................................................8
Combined Footing...................................................................................................................8
2.2. Importance............................................................................................................................8
Spread footing foundations......................................................................................................8
Perimeter foundations..............................................................................................................9
Slab-on-ground foundations....................................................................................................9
2.3. Common Slab-On-Ground Foundation In Household Building.........................................10
Mat foundations.....................................................................................................................10
Common mat foundation within domestic building..............................................................10
Open Foundation or Spread Footings....................................................................................11
Individual Footings or Isolated Footings...............................................................................11
Combined Footing.................................................................................................................11
Strip Footings.........................................................................................................................11
Mat or Raft Foundation.........................................................................................................11
3. Technical description.................................................................................................................12
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4. Results and discussion...............................................................................................................13
5. Application................................................................................................................................14
6. Future prospects.........................................................................................................................15
7. Conclusion.................................................................................................................................15
Reference List................................................................................................................................16
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1. Introduction
1.1. Company Objectives
The primary objectives of the Al Mulla Building Contracting LLC are undertaking the activities
of contracting all the customers irrespective of the provision, supply, wheeling, export, import,
sale and trading of the raw materials needed for construction an introducing open access to
building contracting (Weebly, 2018). The company names of planning, developing, acquiring,
establishing, constructing, erecting, laying, hiring, leasing buying, selling operating, running,
managing, maintaining, enlarging, altering, renovating modernizing, working and using a
contract network in all aspects of building contracting. It undertakes building contracting
schemes in the licensed areas. At times, the company also tenders, finalizes and executes
contract agreements with other building contracting companies.
1.2. Background
Any structure that is made up of different materials and is used for human habitation or other
purposes is known as a building. The company is primarily engaged in the business of
construction building and contracting. The company is vested with interest in property,
contracting assets, and rights and abilities of the same which is crucial for the business of
contracting and building. The company promises to its customers of providing them with the
best. It uses the best quality of material along with modern equipment and a well-qualified staff.
It claims that the work done by them is very good and the customers would not be having any
complaints regarding their work. It makes villas, complexes and similar building projects and
finishes its work in the earliest of time. According to the company, the work done by them is
appreciable. The services provided by them are fast and they are able to complete their given
tasks within the timeframe allotted to them.
1.3. Project goals and objectives
The following report aims at analysing the practical training, I reported at G+1 Ajman villa, at
the construction site of Al Mulla Building Contracting LLC. I have reported to Mr. Sukhdev
Singh, the company owner at the Al Mulla who further ordered me to join the project
construction site.
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2. Literature Review
Foundations with regard to structures, bridges, water storage containers, along with other
constructions get lots from the by means of columns or walls as well as transfer these lots to the
soil beneath. A suitable foundation must financially fulfill the practical specifications of the
structure as well as reduce differential motion within the some part of the framework which
causes problems. It must be built to move a maximum of the utmost bearable disfigurement into
the high-rise buildings. The level of buckling which a design may endure depends upon its
objective. Three most popular foundation kinds are usually: (1) spread and wall footings; (2)
pile and drilled shafts ; and (3) mat foundations. Spread and wall footings are utilized below
specific walls, columns, and bridge piers. They may be suitable with regard to any soil
circumstances in which the impact capacity regarding the utilized loads is sufficient. Mat
foundations are usually utilized for extremely weighty column loads, wherever differential
compaction might be an issue. Piles and drilled shafts are used whenever poor surface area and
close to surface soils can be found.
According to Khemis, Chaouche, Athmani, and Tee, (2016), the effect of a spread footing
towards the carried out loads is determined by the features of the foot-hold, superstructure,
contacts land, and forces. Moments, shear factors, and deformations within a foot-hold can
simply be acquired once the helping soil responses are properly identified. The original structural
layout strategy with regard to spread footing would be to choose the width and length in a way
that the permitted soil enduring the capacity is simply not surpassed. The density in the footing
can now be measured for one- and two-approach actions shear at a specific range from the top
from the column without needing shear support. The flexural metal is finally acquired by
identifying the articulation moment in the front of the column because of the soil stress supply
underneath the footing. The previous load results are calculated by using suitable free-body
drawings as well as simple methods which derive from statics. Shortening assumptions should be
developed for the design regarding a foot-hold, due to the fact no interpretive techniques happen
to be produced that may precisely assess all of the aspects included within the issue of soil-
framework connection.
The quality regarding such streamlining presumptions and also the precision in the connected
outcomes should be examined on such basis as the soil kind under the footing with greater
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extent, shape and size regarding the footing as well as column, tendency of burdening, rigidity in
the foot-hold and high-rise buildings , as well as subgrade modulus result of the land.
Other than for unconventional circumstances, structural as well as geotechnical layout
requirements and features permit a slender land pressure supply being presumed with regard to
footings which may be regarded as rigorous towards the level that just small relatives
deformations derive from the used load. This presumption can result through the tightness in the
footing alone as well as rigidity in the superstructure
A much more precise means for processing the stress in land below a footing compared to
straight-line propagation process is only one where the soil stress supply is ruled through the
modulus of sub grade response. As stated by Wen, Sun, and Zhang (2018) ,this technique is very
beneficial for semi flexible and versatile footings. Within this technique, the footing is
subdivided in individual elements on elastic helps.
2.1. Category of Shallow Foundation
Based on layout, the shallow foundation tends to be categorized as:
1. Isolated column or Column Footing
2. Wall Footing
3. Cantilever (Strap) Footing
4. Combined Footing
Column Footing
Column footing are best suited and affordable with regard to the deep more than 1.5m. Within
this kind of foundation the beds base in the column is bigger. Column footing with the type of
flat piece and could be built by means of simple or reinforced cement.
Wall Footing
As stated by Lee, Jeong and Ko, (2015), this sort of basic foundation operates ongoing across
the path of the wall assisting to transfer stress in the walls in to the soil. Wall footing are best
suited just where loads to become carried are minor, and are affordable in thick sands as well as
gravels. Within this kind of basic foundation the thickness is 2 - 3 times the thickness of the
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walls in surface level. Wall footing might be built by means of stone, plain or reinforced cement
concrete brick.
Strap Footing
Whenever a side footing cannot be expanded past the line of property the sides of footing are
connected together with the other internal footing using a beam of strap. This kind of footings
these are known as strap footing. Additionally it is referred to as cantilever footing.
Combined Footing
Combined footings tend to be all those footings that are done generally with regard to several
columns within a row. It really is utilized once the footing regarding a column might expand
over and above the home line. Additionally it is appropriate once both columns are intently
spread and also the soil which the construction withstand is having low impact capability. It
might be rectangle-shaped or trapezoidal.
2.2. Importance
Initially, this will not take into account the dimensions and solidity in the column that the footing
receives the load. Secondly, stress is presumed to become put on the footing as being a point
weight. In fact, the implemented masse is generally dispersed on the column’s cross-sectional
region. Takes into account just one dimension in the footing as well as neglects another
dimensions, that is perpendicular to it. In line with the previous, there exists a need to build a
fresh way of measuring the spread footing versatility according to land. This type of measure
may be used to check if the spread footing can usually be treated as inflexible or versatile within
the structural evaluation and type of the shallow foundation.
Spread footing foundations
According to Harris and Friel, 2016, spread footing foundations is a category of foundation
which redirects loads through the superstructure, such as seismic factors, horizontally throughout
adequate surface that this having strength in the soil is not really surpassed. Spread footing
foundations might be created as you even block, just like slab-on-surface footings. They are able
to also generally be created as a number of small ongoing or non-regular footings which helps
columns, walls and various parts of the construction. This is actually the case with edge footings.
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Perimeter foundations
Based on Imanzadeh, Denis and Marache, (2014), a perimeter foundation is really a kind of
spread footing base which is made up of cement edge footing which stretches round the entire
edge of a property. The thickness in the footing redirects gravitational pressure through the wall
structure as well as roof in the construction around adequate area that this enduring the durability
in the soil is not surpassed. Seismic forces will also be moved effectively with the edge
foundation into the soil underneath.
Perimeter foundations might use unpredictable-shaped footings and become coupled with
various other foundations. Non-continuous edge foundations (for instance, perimeter foundation
components at merely the edges in the construction) are usually not ideal for lands which will
probably experience differential arrangement or lateral motion.
Figure 1: Perimeter Foundation
A ongoing perimeter foundation propagates the gravitational pressure involving the framework
over the thickness in the base.
Slab-on-ground foundations
According to Conner et al. (2016), slab-on-ground foundations, occasionally known as
conventional slab footings, really are a kind of spread footing foundation in which the slab
connects the spread footings with each other along with supplying a good flat floor surface area.
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