Site Safety Plan and Risk Assessment in Civil Engineering

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers for students.

Title: - Civil Engineering Technology
Student ID: -
Student Name: -

Table of Contents
LO1 Explain the common methods and techniques used in civil engineering earthwork and
substructure................................................................................................................................3
P1. Discuss earthworks activities, equipment, and techniques..............................................3
P2. Describe methods and techniques used to create complex foundation, pilling works,
and drainage works.................................................................................................................7
P3 Describe methods and techniques used in culvert construction, underpass construction
and provision for utilities........................................................................................................8
LO2 present a site safety plan, risk assessment, and method statement for given civil
engineering activity..................................................................................................................11
P4. Identify the hazards, risks and safety arrangements for excavations, working in
confined spaces, working on the structure and for working within temporary works on
highways...............................................................................................................................11
Excavation: -.........................................................................................................................11
P5. Develop and present a site safety plan, risk assessment for given civil engineering
activity..................................................................................................................................12
LO 3. Evaluate a given civil engineering problem and propose a solution.............................13
P6. Evaluate the environmental, quality, geotechnical and economic contexts of a given
civil engineering problem.....................................................................................................13
P7. Propose a solution to a given civil engineering problem...............................................14
LO4. Prepare a design proposal for a new infrastructure project............................................16
P8. Describe methods and techniques used in the highway design......................................16
P9. Develop a civil engineering design, proposal for a new infrastructure project..............16
References: -.............................................................................................................................18

Table of figures: -
Figure 1: Excavators..................................................................................................................4
Figure 2: Backhoe Loader..........................................................................................................5
Figure 3: Bulldozer....................................................................................................................6
Figure 4: Skid steer loaders........................................................................................................7
Figure 5: Motor Graders............................................................................................................7
Figure 6: Trenchers....................................................................................................................8
Figure 7: Arch culverts..............................................................................................................9
Figure 8: Pipe culverts............................................................................................................10
Figure 9: Box culverts.............................................................................................................10
Figure 10: Underpass...............................................................................................................11
Figure 11: industrial building BIM model...............................................................................17

LO1 Explain the common methods and techniques used in civil engineering earthwork
and substructure.
P1. Discuss earthworks activities, equipment, and techniques.
In the project of civil engineering work earthwork is the first fieldwork process to be done to
proceed with the construction of a building or anything that requires a civil engineering touch
up. The earthwork involves the processes like inspection of soil and analyze whether it is able
to hold the building or not, analyzing the operation that needs to be done on the field to make
it strong and ready of start with the construction processes, removal of upper layer, rock
determination, excavation process etc are to be done in the earthwork process. It is the most
important process of the construction project.
The equipment used in the process of earthwork is: -
1) Excavator: - It is a machine that is used to lift the heavy pieces of rocks by an iron
bucket attached to the front end of the machine that is controlled hydraulically by the
driver inside. It comes in variation od sizes depending on the field size and availability of
variable rocks inside the soil.
Figure 1: Excavators
2) Backhoe loaders: - it is similar to the tractor having two shovels on either end of the
back loader controlled hydraulically and is used to dig holes by removing soil from

shovel step by step. The work of backhoe loader is trenching shovel, putting position pipe
in places and shifting dirt.
Figure 2: Backhoe Loader
3) Bulldozer: - It is a heavy-duty vehicle available in the market. It is very powerful and
mostly used to shift heavy materials or dirt etc present in the construction site having
rough grading, grinding rock and open spaces. The bulldozer in identified by strong huge
blade present at the front end and is controlled by a hydraulic piston.

Figure 3: Bulldozer
4) Skid steer loaders: - It is the most used heavy-duty vehicle having more purpose of work
of earth moving. It is mainly used for smaller sites and it’s the best when working on
smaller sites due to its larger wheels and wide and strong steering system. It also helps in
soil compaction at a low level and is able to work in-favorable conditions such as mud
and snow.

Figure 4: Skid steer loaders
5) Motor graders: - It is employed for small grades and it shifts the dirt and makes a base
for laying asphalt. They have a long adjustable blade for making a smooth surface. It also
has an adjustable blade feature that is used for mining under the ground.
Figure 5: Motor Graders

6) Trenchers: - They are mostly used for digging trenches for pipes. There is a wide range
of trenchers available in the market like smaller sized trenchers, heavy equipment
trenchers for ground firming. Trenchers are versatile in digging functions as per the jobs
need. They are to be handled by skilled professionals as it is very improper handling can
lead to danger.
Figure 6: Trenchers
P2. Describe methods and techniques used to create complex foundation, pilling works,
and drainage works.
Piling Work: -
The piling work is an important method used in the construction project. It is nothing but
indentation of the large cylindrical pipe-like structure under the ground to provide support to
the structure which is to be built above it. Piling work not used always in every construction
project. there two main reasons for using piling work which is as follows: -

1) It is done if the soil condition is weak and unable to hold the structure and may cause
damage in a few years if construction without implementing piling work.
2) Another reason for the piling work implementation is that if the structure is heavy and
tall, concentrated loads happening due to high rise building, water tank and bridge.
There are generally two types of piling involved in the construction work: -
1) Friction piles: -It is the type of piling work in which a load of the whole structure is
transferred to the soil at full pile height with help of friction. The group of long
cylindrical piles transfers the forces from the structure weight to the soil using
friction. It is used for medium weight structure.
2) End with end bearing: -it is the type of piling work in which the piles rest on the lower
layer of the soil where solid rocks are present. The whole structural weight is
transferred to the rocks. This technique is used for the higher weight structure.
P3 Describe methods and techniques used in culvert construction, underpass
construction and provision for utilities.
Culverts: -
Culverts are the pipe like structure or can be of the tunnel-like structure which is used as a
path for the drainage wastewater to the dumping site, electrical cable spreading. It is closed in
the ground or soil (The Constructor, 2018).
There is mainly five types of culverts: -
1) Arch culverts

Figure 7: Arch culverts
2) Pipe culverts
Figure 8: Pipe culverts
3) Box culverts

Figure 9: Box culverts
Different materials are used in the construction of culverts depending on conditions: -
1) Steel
2) Concrete
3) Aluminium
4) Polyethylene of high density
5) Plastic
Mostly the culverts are made of concrete which is sometimes prepared on the site that s
known as cast in culverts.
Underpass construction: -
The underpass is an underground tunnel-like structure that is made to reduce traffic jamming
and allows free flow of vehicles from under the road, railways lines, bridge, etc. it is mostly
made used the railway like because while crossing of the train for less than 1 min causes
traffic jamming.
Benefits of underpass: -

1) Prevent road accidents
2) Vehicle movement becomes hassle free
3) Pedestrian safety
4) Space for parking vehicle is provided
5) Maintain designed speed on highways
6) Service road utility completion
Figure 10: Underpass
The methodology used in the construction of underpass: -
1) Surveying of site
2) Topography analysis
3) Characteristics determination of soil
4) Counting traffic volume
5) Selection of method
6) Road designing
7) Overbridge designing
8) Estimation of details
Provision for utilities: -
The utility can be referred to as a group of services that are provided by different
organizations and is used by consumers. Such as electricity, coal, natural gas, sewage, water,