Construction Project Management: Regulations and Sustainability Report

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of civil engineering project management, offering a comprehensive overview of key aspects essential for successful project execution. The report commences with an examination of budgeting and financial statements within the context of civil engineering, elucidating their practical application in both headquarters and site conditions. It then transitions to the critical domain of health and safety regulations, specifically focusing on the Management of Health and Safety Regulations 1999, and evaluates their efficacy in construction projects. The report further explores Human Resource Management (HRM), including employment contracts, and analyzes the factors influencing project costs and durations. A significant portion is dedicated to UK safety laws, including the Construction (Design and Management) regulations 2015 and the Work at Height Regulation 2005, and the importance of safety culture. Ethical considerations in construction management, business, and HRM are discussed, alongside the application of risk assessments in civil engineering settings. The report also outlines the key objectives of planning, design, and construction, and the levels of checks applied in construction. Furthermore, it covers sustainable construction practices, UK regulations on climate change, and the principles of one-world living in the context of civil engineering. Finally, the report addresses the main elements of costing in construction projects and the 6 M's of planning, providing a holistic view of the subject matter.

Management

QUESTION 1
A. What really is a budget and a Financial Statement in the context of civil engineering and
construction?
Budget is the quantitative distribution of the resources like material, man, money,
machinery and minutes which is required for the project that is to be completed within specified
time. Financial statement is reporting of company’s expenses, revenue, asset and liability.
B. Describe how these can be applied practically to HQ and site conditions in a construction and
consulting firm
The financial statement and budget is applied to the site conditions in the construction
and consultancy firm by allocating the resources of project in numerical form so that the profit or
loss of it is calculated in order to measure its success (Jackson, B.J., 2020).
QUESTION 2
State the Management of Health and Safety Regulations 1999.
This piece of legislation mainly requires the employers to carry out the risk assessment
and make arrangements in order to implement the necessary measures and arrange other
effective training and information.
Explain this legislation with respect to construction projects and discuss and evaluate how
effective this has been and stating any recent review if any.
This legislation helps in maintaining the risk assessment so that necessary measures are
taken on time to prevent or decrease the risk associated with working on construction sites. It
provides the duty on employer to ensure health and safety of employee at construction site. This
statute helps in identifying the potential hazard which can affect employee who are working at
sites.

QUESTION 3
Describe HRM in some detail.
Human resource management is referred to as the strategic approach which is effective in
managing the people at workplace so that business is able to gain competitive advantage. It helps
in maximizing the employee performance.
Further describe contract of employment and explain further what a written contract of
employment entails with clear succinct examples with respect to civil engineering and
construction projects.
The employment contract is referred to as the document which provides the terms and
conditions of the work. It states the obligations and rights of the employer such as right to be
paid, right to not get dismissed unfairly, etc.
In context to civil engineering, the employment contract provides the work duties of
workers such as responsibility for the technical design and working, responsible for the quality
of work, etc. (Xiaole, Houhong and Jiadi, 2020)
QUESTION 4
List the factors affecting the duration and costs of construction projects.
Factors which affect cost of projects in construction-
 Inflation factor.
 Inaccurate estimate.
Factors affecting time of construction project-
 Lack of material.
 Physical condition of site.
Describe the factors affecting the duration and costs of construction projects
The factors which affect cost-

 Inflation factor- when there is inflation in the market suddenly then the cost of its
resources tend to be high which affect the overall cost of construction project and vice
versa.
 Inaccurate estimates- if there is ineffective or wrong estimate of the cost of resources, it
will affect the budget of the project, thereby affecting entire working.
The factors which affect time-
 Lack of material- If there is insufficient material to carry on the project, it will affect the
duration of the construction project as it will result in delay.
 Physical condition of site-Where the physical condition of site is not good such as
insufficient labor, raw material, machinery and equipment not working, etc. it will affect
duration of project (Taye, Bademos and Issa, 2020).
QUESTION 5
List four of these regulations under UK safety law as related to both civil engineering and
construction which have come into force in the last 30 years.
 Construction (Design and Management) regulations 2015
 Work at Height Regulation, 2005
 Control of substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2002
 Management of health and safety at work Regulations, 1999
Describe these regulations under UK safety law as related to both civil engineering and
construction which have come into force in the last 30 years.
 Construction (Design and Management) regulations 2015- This law is designed to
improve the H&S in construction industry through defining the types of duty holders who
are responsible for H&S on construction site.
 Work at Height Regulation, 2005- It is designed with a purpose to avoid any injury and
death which may be caused by fall from height. It imposes duty of employer or controller
such ad building owner or manager to ensure that no accident to occur while working on
height.

 Control of substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2002- It requires the
employers to control the substances which are hazardous to the health of employees,
including the nano materials. The employer is duty obliged to find out the health hazard
and work on to prevent it.
 Management of health and safety at work Regulations, 1999- It imposes duty on
employer to carry on timely risk assessment and make such arrangement which can
prevent the risk. It helps in ensuring H&S of employee working at construction site.
QUESTION 6
Explain clearly and in detail what is meant by Safety Culture.
It refers to belief, attitude and perception which is shared among employees and
determine how to react in relation to the risk and its control system.
Give examples from real life in the context of civil engineering construction companies and their
projects.
For example, if any sudden explosion has occurred at the construction site, the safety
culture helps in identifying the risk and making decisions at that time in order to mitigate it
QUESTION 7
Role of ethic in the following-
 Construction management- The manager of construction project must conduct itself
responsibly, honorably and ethically so that it can enhance value of profession. It must
avoid practice which deceives public.
 Business- Ethics in business helps in outlining acceptable behavior so that it can promote
integrity in employees and gain the trust of key stakeholders.
 HRM- It must uphold the value and ethical climate in the workplace so that fairness is
promoted an fostered for all workers. It helps in creating environment which encourages
productive outcome (Harris and et. al., 2021).

QUESTION 8
Describe Risk Assessments in the civil engineering context.
It is the formalized way in which optimal and feasible action is identified when there is
uncertainty and risk on construction site. It helps in identifying future risk and making strategies
to overcome it.
Show how these can be applied practically in a civil engineering setting cum construction sites
with vivid examples.
In construction site, risk assessment helps in identifying hazard and determination of
injury, harm in advance. For example during shutdown, emergencies, power outrage or extreme
weather.
QUESTION 9
Describe 5 key objectives of the planning, design and construction of civil engineering project
together with examples.
 Helps in achieving the project goals.
 Provides standard and direction of performance.
 Includes rules, policies and procedure of company.
 Helps in timely completion of the project.
 It helps in arranging the resources and necessary items beforehand.
QUESTION 10
In what context are the levels of check applied in construction and what are they.
Levels of check are applied in the construction on the quality of project material used for
carrying on the construction. These helps in ensuring that the quality resources are used in order
to maintain its quality project (Woo and et. al., 2019).

Describe in detail how these are applied in construction projects practically with key examples.
In the construction projects, the level of check is applied in quality of materials. For
instance it is applied when the raw materials are brought then when it is mixed with other
materials such a cement and sand. Then it is checked when it is applied on the project and finally
when it is ready.
QUESTION 11
Five aspects of sustainable constructions and its example in respect of civil engineering.
 Protection of natural environment- the construction must be done with minimum
pollution such as air and noise so that it does not affect the environment.
 Reuse and reduction of resources- The materials used in construction must be reused as
far as possible so that its optimum utilization is assured.
 Choice of non-toxic material- the construction must not be done using the toxic materials
so that the sustainable construction is ensured.
 Waste minimization- the materials used in constructed must be wasted minimum so that
they can be used effectively.
 Use of the life cycle cost analysis- It involves adding all ongoing and initial cost of prout,
component and structure together with adjusting inflation.
QUESTION 12
State the UK regulation on Climate Change and what instigated it.
The climate change Act of 2008 regulates the climate change and is aimed to mandate
80% of the cut of six greenhouse gases by the year 2050.
How can construction be tailored using stated examples to accommodate it?
The construction project accounts for around 36% of the global energy and carbon
dioxide emission which affect climate.

How has the construction industry modified its methods to accommodate this?
The construction industry is working to reduce the waste and energy consumption in
artificial heating so it is using insulation materials such as sheep’s wool and the hempcrete which
is used in line buildings with an aim to reduce need of artificial heating.
QUESTION 13
What has been enhanced recently in sustainability application?
The construction industry is being using the materials which are substituting the carbon
emission such as artificial heating. It is involving the use of sheep wool in order to prevent it.
What law deals with this and example.
The climate change Act deals with sustainability of construction industry as it encourages
reduction of greenhouse gas emission. For instance, this industry is using less sounded
machineries in their working so that less noise pollution is created (Hasan and et. al., 2021).
QUESTION 14
State the 10 principles of one world living and describe their application in civil engineering
construction.
 Health and happiness- The construction industry must ensure the health and safety of its
workers by risk assessment and necessary measures so that they can lead to good health.
 Culture and community- in the construction industry, each worker must get engaged in
sustainable construction and contribute its part from its work activity.
 Sustainable water- the water must be used in construction with minimum wastage and as
per requirement.
 Equity and local economy- this industry must make employment available to the needy
so that they can get work to earn their living.
 Land use and wildlife- the resources and materials to be used in construction mist be one
which can built sustainable environment.
 Local and sustainable food- the workers must be encouraged to reduce food wastage and
grow their crops own and cook for themselves.

 Sustainable transport- the construction industry must have its materials transported in one
go so that less transport is used for its materials.
 Sustainable materials- the material used in construction industry must be sustainable
which ensures optimum utilization of the same with minimum wastage.
 Zero carbon- the machinery and tools used in construction must be of such quality and
material that it produces zero carbon and gas emission.
 Zero waste- all materials used in construction must be used fully with its zero wastage
(Choi and et. al., 2019).
QUESTION 15
Describe what is considered the main elements of COSTING of construction projects and its
application in construction.
The main component of cost in construction industry is labor, material and overhead and
profits. The elements of cost in construction project are direct cost, markup and indirect cost. The
relationship between the material and labor is direct cost, the profit is markup and the overhead
is indirect cost.
QUESTION 16
List and explain in a civil engineering context 6 M’s of planning together with example.
 Man- It involves hiring the capable workers at the construction industry who can carry on
the work activities to complete the construction project. For example, the labor who
works to put cement mixture with stones.
 Money- It is used to meet daily business needs and requirement and is called the working
capital. For instance, the cost required to pay wages to labor, material purchase, etc.
 Material- It is the ingredient used to complete the construction project such as cement,
sand, stone, etc.
 Market- It is allocating resources of company for marketing activities so that project can
generate profit by its sale. Such as building of which marketing is done to sell it.
 Machine- It is the machineries, tools and equipment used to produce material of
construction or service such as mixing machine of cement with other raw materials.

Method- Completing the work activities of construction in the right way is called the method of
doing it (D’Agostino, 2017).
QUESTION 17
What are the ISO9001: 2008 and ISO9001: 2015 in context to civil engineering together
with examples.
The ISO 9001: 2015 is the quality standard which pays attention to risk management and
places more emphasis on the measuring and assessing the output and input of process. It
monitors the articles, specifications and information involved in production process. For
instance, this quality standard helps in assessing risk and contributes in maintaining quality of
the material used for construction. For example, the cement, sand, etc. used in construction are of
good quality and whether cement is being added in good quantity to ensure its good quality.
The ISO 9001: 2008 is that quality standard which is used for the internal application by
companies or for the contractual purpose of certification. It focuses on meeting the customer
requirement. The construction company must ensure the quality policy so that highest level of
quality is ensured as it involves commitment to comply with its requirements.
QUESTION 18
What and who are Quality Gurus?
These are the good person, a teacher and wise person. They have the concept and
approach to the quality in business which has made lasting and major impact.
List and discuss concisely 7 of them.
 Walter A Shewhart- he laid down the foundation of statistical process control and the
modern quality improvement practices.
 Kaoru Ishikawa- He designed the Ishikawa diagram which is known a cause and effect
diagram or the fishbone diagram.
 Taiichi Ohno- He is known for the Toyota production system and seven types of the
waste.

 Shigeo Shingo- He is a part of the Toyota production system and founded the single
minute exchange of die which is the lean production method used in reduction of waste in
process of manufacturing.
 Genichi Taguchi- He is known for Taguchi method and quality engineering.
 Armand Feigenbaum- He is best known for total quality control and is a quality control
expert.
 Edward Deming- He is known fo4 14 points for management for the transformation.
QUESTION 19
What are the 4 sections of a QMS, list them? Describe them in context to civil engineering.
 Quality policy of company- the construction industry must have the policy of quality so
that the workers can comply with it in order to ensure quality. For instance, the policy
will ensure that material must of good quality when used in construction.
 Quality manual- There must be one manual for all workers where all quality related
aspects are written down so that the workers can go through it and comply with it.
 Quality analysis- There must be analysis of quality at each level of check such as at
material purchasing, material mixing, using and finally applying it.
 Improvement opportunity- There must be scope left for the improvement in material used
in construction industry so that good quality is maintained.
QUESTION 20
Describe and explain 6 SIGMA and its application in construction.
 Work for customer- The main goal of construction industry must be to work for its
customer by delivering them with maximum advantage. For instance, it must ensure that
customer gets good quality project which can give customer long lasting benefit.
 Find problem and focus on it- This involves identifying the problem and giving special
focus to it so that it can be solved. For instance, if there is issue of low quality cement,
then the company must focus on to replace it with high quality material so that it can
produce effective result.

 Removal of bottlenecks and variation- It involves decreasing the opportunities of defects.
The construction company must work on to remove the defects so that quality efficiency
and control is achieved.
 Communication- there must be proper communication among manager and its team so
that all can learn the quality policies and follow it to deliver best output. Training must be
given to labor working at construction site so that they can work accordingly. For
example, the workers must be given training to mix sufficient amount of material with
each other to ensure its quality.
 Be responsible and flexible- the workers must be held responsible to ensure quality
(Kolarić and et. al., 2017).
QUESTION 21
What is TQM and how will it achieve its 5 key aspects together with its application in civil
engineering.
TQM is the management approach for long term success by the customer satisfaction. It
is focused on quality management to meet customer satisfaction and expectation. 5 key aspects
of it are-
 Commitment with employees- It is focused on aspect that workers are aware of the TQM
policies. In construction industry, the employees must be given quality policies so that
they can comply with it.
 Quality improvement culture- The culture of construction site must be to improve quality
and ach employee must help other to reach the quality level in all its work activity.
 Focus on customer requirement- the main motive of the construction must be customer
centric and they must work to deliver best quality to them through their construction by
using best material, men, machine and method.
 Continuous improvement- there must be continuous scope for improvement in quality in
construction sites so that each employee has idea on how to improve the operations.
 Effective control- the man, material, method and machinery must be measured and
monitored continuously and timely so that unplanned errors can be detected and solved.

QUESTION 22
List and Describe 8 Health and safety Laws that you know that relate strictly to construction
sites.
 Health and safety at work Act, 1974
 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations
 Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations
 Personal protective equipment Regulations
 Manual handling operations Regulations
 Electricity at work Regulations
 Gas safety Regulations
 Health and Safety Signs and Signals Regulations
How can each of two of them be applied in a civil engineering consultancy and construction
context with examples?
 Health and safety at work Act, 1974- This law places duty on employer to ensure that it
takes care of welfare, well- being, health and safety of the employee when they work in
any hazardous activity. The employer must ensure that it takes all necessary measures to
prevent and low the risk of hazard.
 Personal protective equipment Regulations- This law make mandated the use of PPE kits
when any worker is working for hazardous activity. It is the duty of employer to make it
available for employees and duty of worker to wear it when doing such hazardous work.
QUESTION 23
What are the key steps in the execution of a typical construction project to meet its objective?
QUESTION 24
What are the key safety and commercial risks involved in providing and establishing a typical
construction project during the whole life cycle of the scheme?
 Safety hazard which may result in accident or injury.

 Economic risk due to market fluctuation.
 Security and fraud risk such theft of materials.
 Insufficient technology.
 Poor quality and cash flow difficulties.
 Worker working on height and its risk to life.
QUESTION 25
What does the CDM legislation entail and its application in construction project.
This law applies to all construction and building work and includes the new build,
refurbishment, demolition, extension, repair, conversion and maintenance. It helps in managing
health, welfare and safety of construction project. For instance, if a building is being built, this
legislation imposes duty on manager to make sure that its work’s safety and health is ensured and
right person is recruited for right job.

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