History Assignment: Examining Ancient Civilizations and Societies

This assignment provides an overview of ancient civilizations, focusing on Egypt and Mesopotamia. It covers key aspects such as the significance of the Fertile Crescent, the development of writing systems like Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics, and the legal systems of the time. The assignment highlights the importance of the Nile River to Egyptian life, the role of religion, and the development of mathematics and astronomy. It also touches on social structures, including the patriarchal system, and the impact of these civilizations on the modern world. The assignment also delves into the daily life, burial practices, and economic activities of the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians.

Answers
Q-1- Egyptian were the first in the middle east to start civilization and Mesopotamia was
the centre to rule.
Q-2- The reason behind calling “the Fertile crescent” are (i) It had many rivers and seas
around called as Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Tigris river, Neil river and black river
which were ideal place for fishing. (ii) The Arabian Desert that was giving plant energy.
Q-3- The Fertile Crescent is often called “Cross-Road of the world’ as it is connected to
3 continents.
Q-4- The Tigris-Euphrates is called “Mesopotamia” because it was a lnd between two
rivers.
Q-5- Sumerian Cuneiform was a writing system used for representing trade goods and
live stocks on clay tablets.
Q-6- Sickness and death were seemed as sin for life. On after life they believed that
soul will go to a God call Nergal who would give pain.
Q7- Sumerian developed Numeral system which was a 60 system of counting divided
into 360 degree and also able to count second, minute and hour which we use today as
well.
Q-8- The punishment of death penalty for not less than 30 times and was given for
small reasons like stealing from temple or palace property or when runaway with salve.
Q-9- The legal system was so important in developing modern civilization as it was
giving fear to the people who had stealing in mind or commit crime a severe death
punishment. This was basically balancing peace in society.
Q-10- The collaborative criminology work alongside equality in owning property was the
two progressive things.
Q-11- The first thing they were doing was to purchase of small funerary item. Secondly,
and the most important buying a coffin.
Q-12- The papyrus which were used in Hieroglyphics to decorate many objects for cultic
and daily life use.
Q-13- Ammit- A goddess in ancient Egypt religion who was supposed to eat individual.
Q-14- 95% Egyptian earned their living through agriculture, fishing and building
mummies.
Q-15- The Neil River was the giver of life to Egypt.
Q-16- The phonetic and ideographic sign knowledge to decipher Hieroglyphic.

Q-17- The sun-dried bricks is Mudbricks for making of tombs for pharaohs.
Q-18- The first Egyptian calendar made 5000 years ago was consisting of 354 days.
Q-19-. The development of Mathematics, astronomy and agriculture are three keys to
root of world civilization.
Q-20- According to Patriarchy, the male will dominate the society.
Q-21- Iraq and Syria as it is in the name of the most brutal terrorist organization are the
origin.