Essay on Climate Change and its Effects on Natural and Managed Forests

This essay examines the effects of climate change on natural and managed forests. It highlights how climate disruption, including changes in temperature and rainfall, impacts these ecosystems, leading to issues like fires, pest outbreaks, and reduced forest growth. The essay emphasizes the role of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, in driving global warming and the resulting increase in global temperatures. It discusses the Kyoto Protocol and the need to reduce CO2 emissions to mitigate these effects. Furthermore, the essay provides an overview of the current and projected trends in CO2 emissions and temperature increases, along with the proposed short-term and long-term goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming and protect forest ecosystems. The essay underscores the importance of reforestation and assisted migration as potential strategies for forest conservation and adaptation to climate change.

Running head: EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Effect of Climate Change
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate disruption phenomenon or the issue of climate change refers to the long-term
disruption of the wind, temperature, precipitation and other aspects of the weather and
climate. The issue of climate change is greatly affecting the ecosystem of natural and
managed forests. The emission of greenhouse gases are making the condition more difficult.
As a part of this, the temperature is also increasing day by day. In this essay, the issue of
climate change due to global warming and its effect on the natural and managed forests are
highlighted in a brief manner.
It is quite evident that, the climate plays a crucial role in maintaining the function and
structure of the natural and as well as managed forest ecosystems and such changes in the
climate can also affect the forests’ health. The changes in the climate may promote various
adverse issues such as fire, pest outbreak, and drought. As a result of these events, the growth
of the forests are also restricted as result in the change in the rates of rainfall changes in the
temperature. For promoting reforestation assisted migration can be promoted and it will
enhance the forest density. Therefore such changes affect the ecosystem of the natural and
managed ecosystem as in order to survive in the nature all the creatures need a particular
amount of rainfall and specific amount of temperature. Any disruption in the characteristics
of rainfall and temperature range can alter the general habitat of those species living in that
particular ecosystem. One of the primary reason of this alteration in the climate is the
emission of greenhouse gases. The increased amount of greenhouses gases in the
environment, restrict the thermal radiation to return to the space. In the contrary, those gases
traps the thermal radiation and releases those heat in the lower atmosphere. By this
greenhouse effect, the temperature of earth is increasing day by day. There are various
greenhouse gases such as Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide which
exist in the environment naturally. On the other hand, other greenhouse gases such as
horofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur

2EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
hexafluoride (SF6) are also contributing to the global warming due to the activities of the
human being. Among all of these, the increased amount of Co2 in the environment is the
primary area of concern. In order to reduce the CO2 from the environment an international
agreement named Kyoto Protocol was signed in Japan. The amount of CO2 is increased by
30% since 1990 and it is estimated that 49 gigatonnes of CO2 equivalent (GtCO2eq) was
present in the environment in 2010. Therefore, in recent years, it is reported that, the global
emission trend of CO2 emission is increasing 2.2% in between 2000 to 2010. In addition to
this, it is estimated that, the average global temperature rise will be 3.7°C and 4.8° C by the
end of 2100. As a short term goal, emission of greenhouse gases will be reduced by 30% by
the end of 2030. As a long term goal it is planned to reduce the CO2 concentrations to
450ppm CO2eq by the end of 2100 and it is recommended that greenhouse gas emission
should be reduce by 40-70% and this will simultaneously help to reduce the global warming
below 2°C as well.