Health and Homeostasis 1 (91562) - Case Study Analysis Report

This report analyzes a clinical case scenario involving a patient suffering from slipped disc herniation, focusing on the disruption of homeostasis. The patient's symptoms include low back pain, radiating pain in the calf muscles, and disrupted gait, affecting mobility. The primary organs affected are the spinal cord and vertebrae, along with the spinal nerves, leading to numbness and tingling. The report explores the processes involved, such as intervertebral disc degeneration, inflammation, and the impact on sleep patterns and pain pathways. The disruption of homeostasis is linked to changes in neuronal excitability, the role of pain as a homeostatic behavioral drive, and the influence of factors like Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, impacting the body's balance. The analysis references several studies to support the findings, highlighting the complex interplay of factors affecting the patient's condition.

Health and Homeotstasis 1 (91562)
PRC#, Group#: Sneha Khanal, Sunita Sapkota, Srijana Shrestha, Anjali Luitel Poudel
ASSESSMENT TASK 1 – CLINICAL CASE SCENARIO ANALYSIS
SET #, CASE 1 – #Diagnosis#
(1) In the clinical case scenario, which symptoms (experienced by the patient like chest
pain) and signs (observed by another person like swelling or redness) are consistent
with the diagnosis?
The main symptoms observed in the patient are low back pain along
with pain slowing radiating in her calf muscles. Thus she has difficulty in
moving her neck and other body parts and thus having difficulty in mobility.
The gait of the patient is also disrupted thus affecting her normal walking
ability (Wang et al. 2015)
(2) Given the symptoms and signs in the clinical case scenario, which organs, tissues
and/or body parts are involved or affected by the homeostatic disturbance?
The main organ affected in the patient’s case of slipped disk herniation
is the spinal cord and the vertebrae. Moreover, the spinal nerves attached
with the cord and the vertebrae are highly affected causing a strong
numbness or tingling sensation. The arms and the legs are simultaneously
affected by the disease (Risbud and Shapiro 2015).
(3) What processes are involved that can explain the homeostatic disturbance/s in the
clinical case scenario?
Slipped disc herniation is inclusive of intervertebral disc generation which
causes low back pain. Inflammation is caused due to this and has a role in disco
genic pain and simultaneously affects homeostasis. An instigated inflammatory
response increases the number of leucocytes and plasma which causes activation of
other cells types creating an upsurge of the immunological components causing an
overall increase in the homeostasis (Kadow et al. 2015).
In the case study the patient is suffering from excessive pain in the arms, legs
lower back region which is affecting her daily life activities also has a strong effect on
the sleeping patterns. Homeostasis is considered as the main mechanism along with
the pattern for the maintenance of a constant state. Sleep propensity or the pressure
to sleep is another clinical feature whose disruption impairs the usual homeostasis of
the body. The chemical theory of sleep has posited the somnogens which is the
adenosine and the cytokines which are usually made by the ATP breakdown over
the course of the day. Sleep deprivation have shown to be affecting the delta power
strongly which varies considerably. This result suggests a stronger genetic
component which plays an important role in the regulation of the homeostatic
process. In the case study it is clear that the patient has been suffering from changes
in the sleep pattern which affects the regular patterns of sleep due to her hand

Health and Homeotstasis 1 (91562)
PRC#, Group#: Sneha Khanal, Sunita Sapkota, Srijana Shrestha, Anjali Luitel Poudel
discomfort. Thus, this sleeplessness have been associated with the disruption of the
regular process of homeostasis in the body (Li et al. 2016).
From the case study it is evident that the patient has been suffering from
immense pain in the arms and legs. Moreover, the patient has been found to have
limited motion abilities along with weakness in her calf muscles. Thus pain has been
an important component affecting the homeostatic balance of the body. Pain is
generated through the specific sensory channels which ascend through the central
homeostatic afferent pathway. Moreover, phylogenetically there have been new
thalamocortical projections which have shown that human feeling pain has been
considered as a motivation and a direct sensation which would affect the
homeostatic behavioral drive similar to other factors (Ginhaux and Jung 2014).
Neurons which has been affected in the whole process of the slipped disc
herniation syndrome have the neurons along with the affected networks which make
the homeostatic responses for the establishment of a proper balance of inhibition
and excitation (Park and Ahima 2015). The neural symptoms affected in the slipped
disc herniation syndrome are connected with the behavioral and cognitive processes
which again participate in various regulated homeostasis hormones. Various
changes in the neuronal excitability have demanded compensation which have a
capacity of exhausting the homeostatic capacity of the network (Kotas and
Medzhitov 2016).
The presence of the Reflex sympathetic dystrophy have been characterized
by various symptoms which includes pain swelling and the tenderness which are
associated with the various degrees of warmth, sweating and flushing. This can
lead to excess pain when the patient are hyper of excited. Thus this can again
causes a misbalance in the homoeostatic system (Chen et al. 2015).

Health and Homeotstasis 1 (91562)
PRC#, Group#: Sneha Khanal, Sunita Sapkota, Srijana Shrestha, Anjali Luitel Poudel
References
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Chen, P., Chakraborty, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Lee, E., Paoliello, M.M., Bowman,
A.B. and Aschner, M., 2015. Manganese homeostasis in the nervous
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Elefteriou, F., Campbell, P. and Ma, Y., 2014. Control of bone remodeling by the
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pp.140-151.
Ginhoux, F. and Jung, S., 2014. Monocytes and macrophages: developmental
pathways and tissue homeostasis. Nature Reviews Immunology, 14(6), p.392.
Kadow, T., Sowa, G., Vo, N. and Kang, J.D., 2015. Molecular basis of
intervertebral disc degeneration and herniations: what are the important
translational questions?. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®, 473(6),
pp.1903-1912.
Kotas, M.E. and Medzhitov, R., 2015. Homeostasis, inflammation, and disease
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Li, L., Chen, S.R., Chen, H., Wen, L., Hittelman, W.N., Xie, J.D. and Pan, H.L.,
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Oliva, F., Piccirilli, E., Berardi, A.C., Tarantino, U. and Maffulli, N., 2016. Influence
of thyroid hormones on tendon homeostasis. In Metabolic Influences on Risk for
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Park, H.K. and Ahima, R.S., 2015. Physiology of leptin: energy homeostasis,
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Risbud, M.V. and Shapiro, I.M., 2014. Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc
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Wang, K., Hong, X., Zhou, B.Y., Bao, J.P., Xie, X.H., Wang, F. and Wu, X.T.,
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1604.

Health and Homeotstasis 1 (91562)
PRC#, Group#: Sneha Khanal, Sunita Sapkota, Srijana Shrestha, Anjali Luitel Poudel