Clinical Epidemiology Report: Seizure Analysis and Treatment

This report presents a clinical epidemiology analysis of seizures, addressing key aspects such as the importance of clinical questions, evidence-based approaches, and patient populations. It begins by defining the clinical question related to seizures and highlighting the significance of evidence and its application. The report then explores patient populations, health care settings, and relevant databases used to source information. It delves into the validation of evidence, its application to patients, and areas of uncertainty. The natural history and prognosis of seizures are discussed, followed by a detailed examination of clinical outcomes, their appropriateness, and measurement methods. The report also covers available guidelines for clinical practice and potential research approaches, including awareness campaigns and monitoring strategies. The PICO(TT) model is used, and the report emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and treatment of seizures, especially in children, and emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes. The report concludes by considering the various therapeutic conditions to minimize the effect of seizures.

Clinical Epidemiology

Table of Contents
Importance of clinical question, evidence and application of information to population...........4
Patient population and reason to choose them.............................................................................4
Health care setting and the difference it makes...........................................................................5
QUESTION 2..................................................................................................................................5
Database used to source information...........................................................................................5
Paper found on online resources..................................................................................................5
QUESTION 3..................................................................................................................................6
Validation of evidence.................................................................................................................6
Application of evidence to patients.............................................................................................6
Remaining areas of uncertainty...................................................................................................6
QUESTION 4..................................................................................................................................7
Natural history and prognosis of the condition you are interested in..........................................7
QUESTION 5..................................................................................................................................7
Define your clinical outcome, how it is appropriate to your clinical question, and how it can be
measured......................................................................................................................................7
Critically evaluate this outcome in terms of criteria discussed in Module 2 including...............7
The purpose of the measurement and whether this was appropriate to the clinical question......8
The content validity of the measure.............................................................................................8
Responsiveness of the measure to change...................................................................................8
QUESTION 6..................................................................................................................................9
What guidelines are available in relation to this area of clinical practice...................................9
QUESTION 7..................................................................................................................................9
Consider your clinical question and the potential research approach..........................................9
Spreading Awareness among Youngsters...................................................................................9
Monitoring Circumstances.........................................................................................................10
Measures To Minimize Disorder...............................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

PICO(TT) model
Patient or
problem
Intervention Comparison
Intervention
Outcome Type of study
Tips for
Building
The
problem in
this regard
is Seizures
Risk of
Trauma or
suffocation
Enforcing
education
about disease
Epilepsy
Surgery
Inventory-
55 (ESI-55)
Electroencephalography
(EEG) Routine EEG
Question How to
diagnose
the
problem?
What are
definite set of
implications?
What must
be known to
withstand
seizures?
How can
we ensure
outcome?
Can this type of study
minimise seizures?
Importance of clinical question, evidence and application of information to population
This question is rather an important one because seizures is said to be one of those electrical
activity that is related to brain and can be a dramatic one with regard to people who are under
medical condition. There are a set of entities that are related with different types of seizures
(Eriksen and Frandsen, 2018). Diagnosis of this particular defect in a person will help them auto
commit. Therefore, it is essential to move ahead with the certain days with regard to seizures.
Patient population and reason to choose them
Seizures are more likely to develop in people of all age groups but this is mostly seen in young
children. Seizures is said to be one of the most common type of disorder that is particularly
diagnose in young children and older people. This is said to be the one that will developed during
the very first year in small children. There is a scope that features frequently occur and people
and that might be the one for those who are suffering from traumatic injury of the brain. Children
are chosen because the seizures are very often seen in the children who are less than an year. In
order to choose a particular population for the ones that are suffering from seizures how to define
a particular trait because seizures are most common for all age groups and particularly for
children the same to be on effect. In adults if it is considered to be one of the trade that is to be
taken care about then they will have to worry about the stress factors that are contributing
towards this particular disorder (Hooijmans and et.al, 2018). This is when the brain functionality

is same to be a defective one and the different electric vibrations that occur in a person's body
will vary from person to person.
Health care setting and the difference it makes
There is enough medication for every disorder that a human body usually suffers from. Although
there are certain critical conditions that arise due to few entities at most of the disorders in the
body can be minimised with treatment and diagnosis. The seizures that is being discussed in this
report has got a treatment that will involve the regular activities like that of taking enough of
sleep and proper food because there is no particular medication that is only involved in seizures.
Although this being treated for an instance yet there are chances for it to again appear in people
because this will minimise at the time goes on. The available treatments for this particular
disorder is to change the regular habits like that of getting enough sleep because lack of sleep can
be a root cause for developing seizures. Adequate rest is enough because this will help to
overcome stress factors and can minimise seizures in return.
QUESTION 2
Database used to source information
The database that is used in this regard in order to get the information for the knowledge
regarding particular species that are appearing in a midst of all the children or the elder people is
Medline (Jin and Szolovits, 2018, July). Medline is one of the online platform that will provide
different information regarding the pharmacy and Diagnostics which is also acting as a free
consultation. This is a collaboration of different people like those of doctors, pharmacists, Path
Labs and consume mass which will be able to provide laboratory based information within no
time. Seizures is something that is to be treat within no time. Therefore it requires a proper
medication and a database in order to carry forward with the facilities that are necessary to be
inherited.
Paper found on online resources
The article that is chosen in this regard is the Medlineplus article which has portraying the
epilepsy or the seizures. Through this article different consideration that fall in regard to seizures
along with the symptoms that are identified in person or the group of people that is the children
that are chosen in this regard are being listed out. Also, the person with symptoms will have to
take care about all the policies that are to be carry forwarded such that during the conversions of
the uncontrollable actions that occur during seizure can therefore be minimise.

QUESTION 3
Validation of evidence
This article will portrait the onset of seizures as one of the entity that occurs in children of age
group 1 to 5 and mostly seen in old people (Glasper and Carpenter, 2021). This article will
portray information regarding the onset of seizures and people who are not aware of what this
actually is can develop certain information regarding the onset of seizures. It is not until when a
particular information is completely known to a candidate that is suffering from seizures that
they will get to understand the treatment that is in regard to its. The different symptoms that are
listed in this article will bring about the conditions of health that are being suffered by many
people all around. Certain entities are such that people will not understand and they may not
diagnose at an early stage. Therefore this article will portray information of all kinds right from
the onset of the treatment to the diagnosis process.
Application of evidence to patients
The application of this article with regard to people that are mentioned in question 1 like that of
small children of age group of less than one year will be portrayed and the different symptoms
that are in regard to them are also displayed. There are certain precautions that are mentioned in
this article that when followed by an individual can minimise the onset of seizures. This article
will also bring forth an evidence that when children are given little physical therapy then they
can be able to sustain she just since this will not continue for over a long run in many of them
(Aboagye and et.al, 2021).
Remaining areas of uncertainty
The areas of uncertainty are those that will remain as the ones that cannot be categorised or
cannot be followed by people that are suffering from seizures. When this is taken into
consideration the areas of uncertainty with regard to people which are described in this report
mainly the small children is such that they cannot be given therapy that is related to the physical
entity. That we can only be provided to those who can sustain and people below the age of an
year cannot probably take the amount of treasure that is kept on their body and probably the
brain region. Therefore the uncertainty in this region is the therapy that is given to the head that
through massages or anything that is related to developing pressures.

QUESTION 4
Natural history and prognosis of the condition you are interested in
When children are more prone to seizures than there are different factors but fall in regard to
their development. Features usually occur in the conditions where people cannot temporally
move ahead with their brain functionality. This when occurring in children their experience
different tremors that will constituted for jerking movements in arms and legs. These usually
develop has the immunity system is weak in the body and therefore at certain instances their
habits will also contribute for their multiplication (Afzal and et.al, 2020). These are very often
seen in young children but also in all age groups at this will vary according to the health
condition that they are dealing with. When the body of an individual is weak with regard to
immunity as well as the required health condition is not properly and hands then there is likely a
chance to develop seizures. Seizures are not those that will occur on a regular basis but when the
body is at a state of stress then it is likely to get prone to seizures. In children the flexing of body
arms and legs will be thought of relaxation during the term of conditions that occur during the
seizures.
QUESTION 5
Define your clinical outcome, how it is appropriate to your clinical question, and how it can be
measured
The clinical causes of seizures in the new born infants are defined to be many. The neonatal
seizures can be further divided into tonic, clonic, myoclonic and subtle. Every abnormal
movement that fall in regard to seizure can not be accompanied by different movements that are
defined to be the activities involved in seizures. There are certain therapeutic conditions that can
minimise the effect of seizures and there is an access to the efficacy of treatment.
Critically evaluate this outcome in terms of criteria discussed in Module 2 including
There is no particular treatment that is in regard to seizures (Bramer and et.al, 2018). All the of
the doctors for the Healthcare professionals that will tiredness people with seizures will only
inherit the fact that they will have to maintain their stress levels to the minimum thoughts that
they will not get prone to seizures. There are different kinds in this prospect and that is what is
being highlighted by the article along with the symptoms and the medication. The treatment is
very simple and it is followed by almost all the Healthcare professionals and is also subjected to

people on a regular basis. A change in lifestyle will bring about a change in how far they can
react towards seizures.
The purpose of the measurement and whether this was appropriate to the clinical question.
It is necessary to count the response of promising technology in order to determine the sensitivity
as well as the duration of seasons in order to make it more searching. Although the partial
seizures are regarded to be the ones that are more answer at the measurement of the
electrodermal responses is the considerable fact that is to be stressed upon (Lee and Sun, 2018,
June). There are different subjective methods in order to rank the seizures and that approach is a
much needed one in order to move ahead with the technological implementation in order to
adhere to the fact that features can be temporary leave minimised.
The content validity of the measure
The reason assessment that will fall in regard to the consciousness of fundamental elements that
are necessary for the classification of epileptic seizures. An accurate and reliable measurement is
necessary in order to alter the consciousness of situation during seizures. There are three
psychometric scales that are usually designed in order to define the consciousness of this
condition. They are the Ictal consciousness inventory scale, the consciousness scale and the
responsiveness in epilepsy scale. The level of arousal during this particular condition will be
minimised with the help of these instruments that are designed to correlate with the mechanism
of the brain. The underline alteration that will fall in regard to the temporary seizures are said to
be the one that determine the rate of clinical observations.
Responsiveness of the measure to change
Change factor is usually not seen in this particular case. Seizures for those that will automatically
disappear once the different modifications are made in a person's life style. The most important
thing is that the stress free life will have to be inhibited and a regular sleep strategy is required in
order to come back with the change policies that her in regard to seizures (Boltin and et.al). The
article will also bring forth different ideologies that are in regard to minimise the seizure effects
upon an individual. This in regard to children a same to be one of the critical case where they
will fall as a prey to seizures. To minimise this proper rest will have to be given to them and the
sleeping intervals will have to vary according to the condition of their life. The article will also
highlight the factor of sleep to be one of the best medication that is to be followed by an
individual that is suffering from seizures. It is one of the prominent aspects that one in five

people will have developed the seizure effect and they will have to suffer for over a long period
of time when no proper medication is being taken. Although there are certain drugs that are in
regard to the minimization of this particular effect but still there are entities that fall in regard to
this.
QUESTION 6
What guidelines are available in relation to this area of clinical practice
The medical scenario that fall in regard to the condition of seizures is developed by the World
Health Organisation. Defining about the World Health Organisation in a statement it will provide
an entity towards every deficiency of the body or any defects that a human body is tackling with.
The one that falls in regard to seizures is the palliative care. This is defined to be an approach
that will bring about a quality of life among those that are suffering from illness and the
prevention that is guaranteed in this regard is said to be one of the relief that will bring back all
the cause of livelihood. Also the Healthcare professionals every now and then will enhance the
relationships between their families as well as the ones that are near to the official patients who
are suffering with stress symptoms and this is the major cause of seizures to occur. The clinical
scenario of this will also revolve around giving the medication that will improve the symptoms
of pain and also act as de-stressing agents. Upon normalising the symptoms one can easily and
sure that the physiological disturbances can therefore be minimised. This will intend be a therapy
that is needed for seizures to minimise. All the cases of clinical complications at 90% of the
patients that are suffering from seizures will be properly and health by these physiological and
spiritual aspects that are being followed by many.
QUESTION 7
Consider your clinical question and the potential research approach
More than a billion peoples are suffering from this disorder as their lives got impacted in various
ways such as barrier in people’s employment and so on. So to mitigate the issue there is a need to
spread awareness among peoples including Youngsters.
Spreading Awareness among Youngsters
There are numerous foundations that are working in the same field at various levels through
educate the peoples of young age about the disorder named as Epilepsy and when people will
having discussions then the patient get affected in a positive way and will recover soon. In
present world there is a huge impact of social media including Facebook, Instagram and so on

the disease reduction as people get aware about in depth so the same people will be able to
identify the root cause of particular thing. Hence it will get mitigated very soon if the efforts can
be put for and patient will also be able to change the preset mind. The group encourage the
patient to meet with specialist so that patient can get the opportunities to handle the stability of
mind and body and through this patient will feel like liberalized from the disorder soon.
Monitoring Circumstances
There are many other ways through which one can monitor the circumstances of people suffering
from the disease and there use are increasing day by day (Parmelli and et.al, 2021). Continuous
EEG monitoring is being used to monitor the actual condition of patient and it also has a great
impact in context of disease. But there is requirement of training giving to the peoples who are
indulged in that and the training module will be distributed among themselves and it should be
done in a better way so that patient can also get some relief while going through the procedure
that has to be followed.
While following the procedure patients are to be treated with long term course and a complete
course is believed to have a more recovery throughout the life. There are various general
measures that can be opted to cope up with the disease including avoiding the alcohols and drugs
too, taking of medications as the way recommended by the doctors.
Measures To Minimize Disorder
Getting of abundance sleep for a whole night will help the patient in recovering themselves, and
patient are to be given lessons regarding stress management and various other techniques to
retard the prior existing disease and daily exercise and yoga along with physical activity can help
the patient to reduce the level of disease and it is very practical to know that these above
mentioned factors will certainly help patient to get free with disorder. Taking of early and
complete medications will also help in controlling the disorder in patient and if patient find any
adverse side effects of the medication given to that vary patient can stop the medicines and
immediately approach the prescribed doctors to get a proper and changed medicines but there is
no such need to stop the treatment if there is a lack of communication happened between two. So
all these steps must be adopted by the patient having seizure can help them out in mitigating the
disorder.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Aboagye and et.al, 2021. Investigating the association between publication performance and the
work environment of university research academics: a systematic review. Scientometrics,
pp.1-19.
Afzal and et.al, 2020. Clinical Context–Aware Biomedical Text Summarization Using Deep
Neural Network: Model Development and Validation. Journal of medical Internet research.
22(10). p.e19810.
Boltin and et.al and Quality of Care Taskforce, UEG, 2020. UEG framework for the
development of high-quality clinical guidelines. United European gastroenterology journal.
8(8). pp.851-864.
Bramer and et.al, 2018. A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to
develop literature searches. Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA. 106(4).
p.531.
Eriksen and Frandsen, 2018. The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as
a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review. Journal of the
Medical Library Association: JMLA. 106(4). p.420.
Glasper and Carpenter, 2021. Posing Chapter 9 an evidence-based practice question: using the
PICO and SPICE models. How to Write Your Nursing Dissertation, p.89.
Hooijmans and et.al, 2018. Facilitating healthcare decisions by assessing the certainty in the
evidence from preclinical animal studies. PloS one. 13(1). p.e0187271.
Jin and Szolovits, 2018, July. Pico element detection in medical text via long short-term memory
neural networks. In Proceedings of the BioNLP 2018 workshop (pp. 67-75).
Lee and Sun, 2018, June. Seed-driven document ranking for systematic reviews in evidence-
based medicine. In The 41st international ACM SIGIR conference on research &
development in information retrieval (pp. 455-464).
Parmelli and et.al, 2021. Guideline-based quality assurance: a conceptual framework for the
definition of key elements. BMC Health Services Research. 21(1). pp.1-8.
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