This essay provides a comprehensive analysis of the Closing the Gap (CTG) policy implemented by the Australian government to improve the health and well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It begins with an overview of the policy's history, including the data and initiatives that led to its creation, and examines the key targets set by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) to address disparities in life expectancy, child mortality, education, and employment. The essay then delves into the impact of the CTG policy on Indigenous health outcomes, highlighting both successes and challenges, such as the decline in mortality rates and the persistent gaps in cancer mortality. The essay also analyzes the case of Judy, a 57-year-old Aboriginal woman with type 2 diabetes, exploring the impact of her condition, the relevant social determinants of health, and the benefits she receives from the CTG policy. Furthermore, it defines the roles of the Aboriginal Medical Service (AMS) and the Aboriginal Liaison Officer (ALO) in providing healthcare services, discussing their relationship with the community health center and their contribution to improving Indigenous health outcomes. The essay concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing social and cultural determinants and the need for evidence-based approaches to achieve the CTG goals.