Cloud Computing Assignment 1: BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

This assignment, submitted by a student, provides a comprehensive analysis of cloud computing fundamentals, architectures, deployment models, and service models. The report addresses a scenario involving ATN, a Vietnamese toy company, and proposes cloud computing solutions to improve data management and real-time stock information. The assignment covers the evolution of cloud computing, its benefits, and different service models such as SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. It defines an appropriate deployment model, compares service models, and justifies the selection of tools for a cloud computing solution. The document includes an architectural design, detailed design considerations, and real-world examples of cloud deployment models. The student explores various tools like AWS CloudFormation, Kubernetes, and others to realize a cloud computing solution, concluding with a summary of the findings and references.

Cloud Computing -
ASSIGNMENT 1 (Pass + Merit
+ Distintion)
Computer Science
FPT University
38 pag.
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Trần Nguyễn Tấn Sang
GCS190019 | GCS0804_NX
Cloud Computing
ASSIGNMENT 1
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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 16: Cloud computing
Submission date Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Trần Nguyễn Tấn Sang Student ID GCS190
Class GCS0804_NX Assessor name Nguyễn
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of p
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature TAN SA
Grading grid
P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1
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 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Signature & Date:
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ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number Unit 16: Cloud computing
Assignment title Cloud Computing Solutions
Academic Year 2020 – 2021
Unit Tutor Nguyễn Ngọc Tú
Issue date Submission date
IV name and date
Submission Format:
Format: The submission is in the form of 1 document
You must use font
Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at
1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference
follows Harvard referencing system.Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the
Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/Note: The Assignment
must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly,
and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism.
If you do not, you definitely get failed
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures.
LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and
validate their use.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Scenario
ATN is a Vietnamese company which is selling toys to teenagers in many provinces all over Vietnam. The
company has the revenue over 500.000 dollars/year. Currently each shop has its own database to store
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transactions for that shop only. Each shop has to send the sale data to the board director monthly and the
board director need lots of time to summarize the data collected from all the shops. Besides the board
can’t see the stock information update in real time.
The table of contents in your technical report should be as follows:
1. Explain to the board director the fundamentals of cloud computing and how it is popular
nowadays(500 words)
2. Persuade the board director to use Cloud Computing in ATN(300 words)
3. Proposed solution (higher level solution description – around 200 words).
4. Explain the appropriateness of the solution for the scenario (350 words with images and diagrams).
5. Architectural design (architectural diagram and description).
6. Detailed design:
a. Deployment model (discussion on why that model was chosen).
b. Service model (discussion on why that model was chosen).
c. Programming language/ webserver/database server chosen.
7. Summary.
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Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
Pass Merit Distinction
LO1 Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing
and its architectures
LO1 & 2
D1 Justify the tools chosen to realise
a Cloud Computing solution.
P1 Analyse the evolution and
fundamental concepts of Cloud
Computing.
P2 Design an appropriate
architectural Cloud Computing
framework for a given scenario.
M1 Discuss why an organisation
should migrate to a Cloud Computing
solution.
LO2 Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological
drivers of Cloud Computing and validate their use
P3 Define an appropriate deployment
model for a given scenario.
P4 Compare the service models for
choosing an adequate model for a
given scenario.
M2 Demonstrate these deployment
models with real world examples.
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Table of Contents
LO1. Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures .................... 8
P1. Analyze the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing. .......................................................... 8
I. What is cloud computing? ................................................................................................................................ 8
II. Why the rush to the cloud? .............................................................................................................................. 8
III. Benefits of cloud computing ......................................................................................................................... 8
III. Main service models of cloud computing .................................................................................................... 9
P2. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario. .............................. 10
I. Analysis the technical challenges: .................................................................................................................. 10
II. Possible Solutions to These Problems ............................................................................................................ 11
III. Discussion on how to overcome these issues ............................................................................................ 12
M1. Discuss why an organization should migrate to a Cloud Computing solution. ............................................... 19
I. What are the common characteristics of the Cloud? .................................................................................... 19
II. 12 Benefits of moving to the cloud ................................................................................................................ 20
LO2. Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and
validate their use ............................................................................................................................................................ 22
P3. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario. .................................................................... 22
1. Private Cloud ................................................................................................................................................... 22
2. Public Cloud ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
3. Hybrid Cloud .................................................................................................................................................... 23
4. Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) ............................................................................................................................. 24
5. Community Cloud ........................................................................................................................................... 24
6. Comparison of Cloud Deployment Models .................................................................................................... 25
P4. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario. .................................... 26
I. What are SaaS, PaaS and IaaS?....................................................................................................................... 26
II. What is SaaS? .................................................................................................................................................. 27
III. What is PaaS? .............................................................................................................................................. 28
IV. What is IaaS? ............................................................................................................................................... 29
V. SaaS, PaaS and IaaS comparison .................................................................................................................... 29
VI. IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS: Which Cloud Service Is Suitable for Me?................................................................. 30
M2. Demonstrate these deployment models with real world examples. .............................................................. 30
1. Public cloud example: ..................................................................................................................................... 30
2. Private cloud example: ................................................................................................................................... 31
3. Hybrid cloud example: .................................................................................................................................... 31
LO1&LO2. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 32
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D1. Justify the tools chosen to realize a Cloud Computing solution. ..................................................................... 32
1. AWS CloudFormation ...................................................................................................................................... 32
2. Puppet ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
3. Ansible ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
4. Chef .................................................................................................................................................................. 33
5. Kubernetes ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
6. Terraform ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
7. Google Cloud Deployment Manager .............................................................................................................. 35
8. Microsoft Azure Automation .......................................................................................................................... 35
9. Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud .......................................................................................................... 35
10. VMware vCenter Configuration Manager (VCM) ...................................................................................... 35
➢ Conclusion: ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
References: ...................................................................................................................................................................... 37
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LO1. Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Cloud Computing and its architectures
P1. Analyze the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing.
I. What is cloud computing?
− Cloud computing is an all-encompassing service that provides IT as a service. It's an Internet-
based computing solution that provides shared resources, similar to how electricity is
distributed on the grid. The cloud's computers are set up to work together, and the various
applications make use of the combined computing power as if they were running on a single
machine.
− The ability of cloud computing to be flexible is based on the ability to allocate resources on
demand. This allows the system's total resources to be used instead of having to assign
specific hardware to each task. Websites and server-based applications used to be run on a
single system before cloud computing. Resources are aggregated as a virtual computer with
the advent of cloud computing. This combined configuration creates an environment in which
applications can run independently of any specific configuration.
II. Why the rush to the cloud?
− The cloud computing paradigm shift has valid and significant business and IT reasons. The
basic principles of outsourcing as a solution are applicable.
− Reduced costs: Cloud computing can reduce both capital and operating expenses (CapEx and
OpEx) because resources are only acquired and paid for when they are used.
− Cloud computing allows valuable personnel to focus on delivering value rather than
maintaining hardware and software, allowing them to focus on what they do best.
− Robust scalability: Cloud computing allows for immediate scaling, either up or down, at any
time without long-term commitment.
III. Benefits of cloud computing
− One of the best things about cloud computing is that it is not an all or nothing approach.
− Companies can choose to use cloud resources as much, or as little, as necessary to fulfil their
needs.
− Let's learn some of the benefits of cloud computing.
1. It is cost-effective
−Cloud computing provides a pay-as-you-go model, which means that you only have to pay
for the resources that you use. This model brings with it many benefits, including.
• There is no upfront cost.
• You do not need to buy hardware and infrastructure.
• You do not need to maintain the hardware.
• You can stop paying for resources that are no longer needed.
• It leads to better cost prediction.
2. It is scalable
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−You can increase or decrease the resources and services at any given time according to your
needs. You can scale your resources both vertically and horizontally according to your need.
• Vertical scaling, also known as “scaling up”, refers to adding resources to increase the
power of an existing server. For example – adding more GPUs or adding more memory.
• Horizontal Scaling, also known as “scaling out”, refers to adding more servers that
function together as one unit.
3. It is reliable
−Cloud providers often provide services like data recovery, disaster recovery and data
replication services, as data is the most crucial information and cloud providers help to
secure it.
−It is achieved through data redundancy.
−So, if one component fails, a backup component will take its place.
−This is known as fault tolerance.
4. It is secure
−You have physical security – The data centres are equipped with walls, cameras, security
personnel, gates, and so on to protect their assets.
−You have digital security – The cloud providers make sure that your data is secure from any
potential threats and unauthorized users.
5. It is global
−Most cloud providers have fully redundant data centres in various regions throughout the
globe allowing you to replicate your services into multiple regions for redundancy and
locality.
6. It is current
−The cloud hardware is maintained and upgraded by the cloud providers and you can focus
on what matters: building and deploying applications.
7. It is elastic
−Your cloud computing system can compensate for workload changes due to spike or drop-
in demand by automatically adding or removing resources.
−For example – Imagine your website experiences a sudden spike in traffic due to some
reason. The cloud will automatically allocate more computing resources to handle increased
traffic.
−When the traffic is normalised the cloud will automatically de-allocate additional resources
to minimise cost.
III. Main service models of cloud computing
1. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
−SaaS applications are the applications that are hosted on cloud servers and users access
then over the internet.
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−SaaS is just like renting a fully furnished house: you get to use it as your own, but it is still
owned by your landlord.
2. Platform-as-a-service (PaaS)
−PaaS is a kind of service in which the vendor offers you everything you need to build your
application like development tools, infrastructure, operating system.
−You get a complete environment to build, test and deploy your
−application.
−Example: Microsoft Azure, Heroku, Google App Engine
3. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
−It is the most flexible kind of cloud service.
−In this kind of service, a company rents the infrastructure and storage they need from the
cloud vendor and then use that cloud infrastructure to build their application.
−IaaS is like leasing land on which you can build whatever you want.
−Example: Digital Ocean.
4. Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)
−Function as service is also known as serverless computing.
−The main idea behind serverless computing is that your application is broken down into
separate functions that run when triggered by some action.
P2. Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario.
I. Analysis the technical challenges:
− In recent years, researchers have conducted surveys to gather information about the current
challenges of cloud computing. Since then, risks have risen to the top of the priority list.
1. Security issue:
− In terms of data security, we have no way of knowing where your data is stored or
processed. This raises the possibility of cloud computing risks during deployment or
management.
− This makes it difficult to entrust sensitive and proprietary information to a third party,
highlighting the difficulties of cloud computing.
2. Cost management and containment:
− The cost of cloud computing is one of the next risks.
− An organization can easily expand its processing capabilities in the cloud without having
to invest heavily in new hardware. Instead, businesses can use public cloud providers' paid
models to access additional processing. However, because cloud services are on-demand
and scalable, it can be difficult to quantify and predict quantities and costs.
3. Lack of resources/expertise:
− The lack of specialized resources is one of the cloud challenges that companies and
businesses are facing today.
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− While cloud technologies continue to evolve at a rapid pace, organizations are increasingly
putting more workload into the cloud. Organizations are having difficulty keeping up with
the tools as a result of these factors.
4. Compliance:
− One of the risks cloud computing is facing today is compliance. One of the risks that cloud
computing is facing today is compliance.
− When a business moves data from internal storage to the cloud, it must adhere to industry
laws and regulations.
5. Performance
− When an enterprise moves to the cloud, it will depend on the service provider.
− When our suppliers go down, so do our businesses.
− With the inherent lack of control that comes with cloud computing, companies may
encounter real-time monitoring issues.
6. Migration:
− Businesses will face numerous difficulties and challenges as they transition from old
technology to cloud computing.
7. The common challenges encountered when converting:
− Troubleshooting extensions.
− Security challenge.
− Data transfer is slow.
− Migration agents.
− Complex conversion.
− Time to stop the application
8. Building a private cloud:
− One of the most significant obstacles to cloud computing is this.
− When moving to cloud computing, IT managers and departments will have to handle the
build and redo work on their own, which can be one of the most difficult challenges.
II. Possible Solutions to These Problems
− Security issue:
− Verify that SaaS providers have security management, authentication, and access control
mechanisms in place to protect your company's privacy and security. Also, look into the
database privacy and security laws they must adhere to.
− While we're checking supplier privacy and security laws, make sure to double-check
compliance, which is the third major source of concern. Regardless of where our data is
stored, our organization must be able to comply with regulations and standards.
− When it comes to storage, check to see if the provider has strict data recovery policies.
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− Cost containment and management: We can reduce these issues in the power sector by
conducting better financial analysis and reporting, automating policies to manage or maintain
management reporting practices, and conducting better financial analysis and reporting.
Cloud computing is a term that refers to the
− Lack of resources/expertise:
− A specialist is needed to keep up with the technologies at work.
− Companies are turning to DevOps tools, such as Chef and Puppet, to perform tasks such
as resource usage monitoring and automated backups at predefined intervals. These tools
also help optimize the cloud for cost, administration and security.
− Compliance:
− Data must be properly stored.
− Cloud customers need to look for suppliers who can provide compliance and check if they
are regulated by the standards they need.
− Some suppliers provide certified compliance, but in some cases, additional input is
required for both parties to ensure compliance.
− Performance:
− Make sure their suppliers have proper procedures and they will alert
− you if there is a problem.
− Enterprises must consider being able to access data stored in the cloud in real time while
selecting the right partner.
− Businesses need to ensure your SaaS provider has a real-time
− monitoring policy to help mitigate these problems.
− Building a private cloud:
− Need to automate as much as possible in the cloud transition.
− The tasks that must be performed in order are also important.
− Businesses need to plan for long-term goals.
III. Discussion on how to overcome these issues
− Organizational security risks: CSP employees can be minimized by placing strict legal
constraints on contracts when hiring employees. A comprehensive review of third-party CSPs,
as well as a robust breach notification process, will also go a long way to prevent this.
− Physical security risks: The risk of intruders having physical access to devices used in providing
cloud services can be reduced by preventing strong physical security such as protection.
armed, access key cards and biometric scans to restrict access to sensitive locations in the
data center.
− Technology security risks: Technology security risk management - CSP can use the hierarchical
structure of DHT-based overlay networks, with specific tasks performed by each layer. The
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lowest layer involves the use of different sources to verify certain connections and refers to
checking if there are any known sources of malignancy involved. The highest class handles
various attacks.
− Compliance and audit risk: This area is primarily concerned with legal issues and as such, both
CSP and CSC need to understand the legal and legal obligations and ensure that any contract
is implementation of these obligations CSP also needs to ensure that its discoverability does
not affect the security and privacy of data. Employees need to raise awareness, learn more
knowledge about cyberattacks to know how to prevent them.
Activity Diagram
Figure 1 Old system activity diagram
This is the old system activity diagram of user-side. But it is not more details, so I will build a
new system to improve this system.
Figure 2 New System Activity Diagram (User)
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When users access the website, they can search the product that they are looking for, after
searching, list of products took from database will be shown on web page. Then, they can
view or check out the product that they want. The condition to check out is that the user
must have an account, if they do not have, they must register an account with their real
information. Finally, they have to login and pay for their products and get the order.
Before access the homepage of admin side, you have to login with your account that have
admin role. Then, you will be take to homepage and execute functions (add, update, delete
product).
eCoSystem
The center of a cloud ecosystem is a public cloud provider. It might be an IaaS provider such
as Amazon Web Services (AWS) or a SaaS vendor such as Salesforce. Radiating out from the
center of the cloud are software companies that use the provider’s anchor platform, as well
as consultants and companies that have formed strategic alliances with the anchor provider.
There is no vendor lock-in because these companies overlap, making the ecosystem more
complex. For example, AWS is the center of its own ecosystem, but it's also a part of the
Salesforce ecosystem. Salesforce runs a number of its services on AWS's infrastructure, and
Salesforce customers can gain access, through devices called connectors, to pieces of AWS,
such as its Simple Storage Service
Network Diagram
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In the ATN store, there are the following systems:
• Store website
• Inventory system
• Payment System
• reporting system
The systems passed through the cloud and led to the bank of the ATN store and the store's
CEO.
The system is operated as follows:
• The website system is connected to the marketing system that provides advertising
about the product or discount code for users to view and choose to buy the product.
• The system of goods will be managed by employees of the store branch, the CEO can
manage by server via cloud.
• The payment system is linked to the cloud accounting system and from the
accounting system linked to outside banks, making it easier for users to pay via cards
or bank transfer.
• The reporting system will link to the cloud database which will report all data from
the store and be saved on the database.
Systems from the cloud extract data and vice versa have firewalls that prevent viruses and
information security risks. After the systems from the store are connected to the cloud, the
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CEO can easily retrieve data on the cloud. In case if data in the cloud is lost, it can be
manually backed up in the cloud.
Cloud Bursting Architecture:
Once Service A's usage threshold is exceeded, an automated scaling listener monitors the
usage of on-premise Service A and redirects Service Consumer C's request to Service A's
redundant cloud implementation (Cloud Service A). To keep state management databases
synchronized, a resource replication system is used.
Several other mechanisms, in addition to the automated scaling listener and resource
replication, can be used to automate the burst in and out dynamics for this architecture,
depending on the type of IT resource being scaled.
Redundant Storage Architecture
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The redundant storage architecture introduces a secondary duplicate cloud storage device
as part of a failover system that synchronizes its data with the data in the primary cloud
storage device. A storage service gateway diverts cloud consumer requests to the secondary
device whenever the primary device fails.
Workload Distribution Architecture
This fundamental architectural model can be applied to any IT resource, with workload
distribution commonly carried out in support of distributed virtual servers, cloud storage
devices, and cloud services. Load balancing systems applied to specific IT resources usually
produce specialized variations of this architecture that incorporate aspects of load balancing
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Deployment Diagram
Here's a diagram of the four types of clouds in the deployment model; if the user is an ATN,
they'll be able to manage and retrieve data using both private and hybrid clouds. Customers
have access to all three public cloud, communication, and hybrid options. has the ability to
access data on the client side as well as external viewing capabilities
Cloud Service Diagram
The layers are divided into 3 layers: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS. 3 floors which are subdivided into 3
levels:
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• SaaS floor has: meeting, Web, CRM
• The PaaS layer has: NodeJS, PHP, Heroku
• IaaS floor has: Amazon, Microsoft, VMWare
The floors are subdivided to make the store easier to manage, and the floors have different
functions.
M1. Discuss why an organization should migrate to a Cloud Computing solution.
I. What are the common characteristics of the Cloud?
− To fully understand how cloud computing functions, and why businesses are using it to store
data and programs, it’s essential to identify the most common characteristics of the cloud.
1. On-demand availability
− The most important feature of cloud computing services is their on-demand availability.
These self-service characteristics means that you, the user, don’t have to ask for assistance
from the IT department to complete the process. Simply reach out to your provider, and
they will then process your request. It doesn’t require human hands—on the part of the
provider —to complete the procedure.
2. Easily accessed through a broad network
− Another essential cloud feature is access via a broad network. This means you can use
multiple and varied types of devices such as your laptop, mobile phone, and tablets in
getting the resources you need.
3. Multi-tenant resource pooling
− A multi-tenant model, such as the one used in cloud computing, gives multiple users the
capability to share resources but without exposing them to security risks. In other words,
privacy is retained.
− Let’s look at an example. Imagine that you have a building housing hundreds of individuals.
Arguably they live in one infrastructure, but they’re still able to keep their privacy because
they live in separate flats. The tenants of the building share the same amenities provided
by the same infrastructure and this is essentially what resource pooling is all about.
− In the cloud, the computing resources are the ones that are pooled so as to serve a
multitude of users.
4. Ability to scale rapidly
− Elasticity, or the ability to scale up or down quickly, is necessary in cloud computing in
order to keep up with the demand. If an application exhibits large volumes of traffic,
service will not be affected because additional servers will be automatically provided. This
elasticity simply means that the cloud can immediately provision or release according to
what’s needed.
5. Cloud computing services are measured
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− This means that users are only to pay on a per-use basis. As such, the cloud has a meter
that measures – monitors, controls or manages, and reports – on resource usage. This
encourages transparency and is a guarantee that users only pay for what they actually use.
− In other words, the amount users pay varies according to how much they consume of the
services being delivered.
II. 12 Benefits of moving to the cloud
1. The cloud is flexible
− As we’ve already touched upon briefly, the cloud is incredibly flexible. Aside from
providing vast storage space, it also offers a multitude of solutions that businesses like
yours need. This helps improve not only employee efficiency, but also customer
satisfaction.
− With a flexible storage space, your business won’t need any additional hardware or
another program to accommodate large volumes of data. Aside from cutting costs, this
also helps employees perform better as it will be easier for them to work together
efficiently. All they need to do is access data or resources from the cloud and collaborate
with each other to ensure the success of programs and projects.
− In addition, using the cloud will also give employees more freedom to work according to
their preferred time as the cloud can be accessed anytime and anywhere - as long as they
can connect to the internet.
− Since the cloud will allow users to adjust according to site traffic, dealing with your
customers or clients’ needs will not be a problem anymore. You can connect with them
any time you need or want to. As such, this will result in increased customer satisfaction.
2. The cloud is reliable
− Another benefit of moving to the cloud is its level of reliability. If one server is down, you’ll
still be able to access your data as another server will take its place. This means that all
your resources will be kept safe at any time.
3. The cloud is a good investment
− While it’s true that a lot of business leaders hesitate to move to the cloud because of cost
issues, there are also those who are absolute confident in the fact that it’s a good
investment.
− Imagine having all the data you need in one secure place that nobody except you and your
employees can access; think of what that can do to help you save time and money.
− Likewise, since you won’t have to spend on physical equipment, utilities, maintenance,
and other pertinent expenses, your operating costs will be significantly minimised. Keep
in mind that when your business resources are on the cloud, there is no need for additional
IT personnel and extra onsite servers and computers. So you are guaranteed to get back
your investment without having to worry about additional expenditures.
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− Also, as the cloud is a pay-according-to-use service, you won’t have to worry about wasting
money on features your company cannot benefit from. You will only pay for those that
the business used.
4. Easy mobile access
− Another benefit of cloud migration is the easy mobile access. This is a rather significant
takeaway – there are now over a billion smartphone users globally and the majority of the
would naturally prefer the convenience provided by their portable devices when getting
updates about work.
− This allows you to provide access to employees who work remotely or those who
constantly travel, as well those who work on a freelance basis. Aside from helping increase
employee productivity, this also improves employee satisfaction.
5. Easy recovery
− Moving to the cloud means easy data backup and recovery. Since your business
information and resources are kept in the cloud, you are guaranteed to get access to them
even if your laptop, smartphone, or tablet malfunctions. Cloud computing has several
solutions intended to protect and recover your data.
− Additionally, the cloud also has disaster recovery solutions, and you won’t have to worry
about additional expenses just to avail of them. What’s even better is that these solutions
are designed for all types and sizes of businesses. With this special feature, there will be
no reason to fear data loss—regardless of whether it was stolen, destroyed, misplaced, or
because of equipment failure. Cloud computing ensures that your information can still be
accessed; you simply have to find a functioning computer or laptop with internet access.
6. Environmental advantage
− Since you won’t need a lot of hardware or physical products, your business will help
reduce environmental waste. This will likewise help decrease the production of paper
wastes. So you’re not only cutting company expenses and freeing up physical space, you’re
also encouraging employees to adapt a proactive environmental approach in life.
7. Top security
− Benefit number seven is security – the type of security that only the cloud can offer.
− Safety of your data and information is one of the major focuses of cloud hosts. These hosts
are efficient because they make sure every aspect of your data security is monitored and
updated. The cloud actually uses data encryption to ensure anyone not authorised to
access your data is not given the chance to. Also, there are a lot of cloud computing hosts
that provide unique security settings for every user.
− A strong indication that cloud computing security is more reliable than some perceive it
to be is the report that over 93% of businesses that moved to the cloud now have better
data security.
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8. Instant access
− The cloud makes it easier for you to access and retrieve data - even in the middle of the
night or when you’re traveling. This is because the cloud never switches off; it is always at
work and all you have to do is find reliable internet connection.
− Once you do, it will be easy for you to access the resources that you need.
9. Few issues
− There’s a misconception that cloud computing is complicated and is therefore prone to
issues.
− In fact, compared to physical server infrastructures, the cloud is actually easier to
comprehend and manage. Cloud computing hosts make it a point to act on an issue the
minute it is detected. For example, if there’s a small bug, chances are that the host is busy
clearing the situation long before you’re even aware of its existence.
− If something similar happened to your physical or onsite servers, the process would take
hours as there are certain things—such as incident reports—that you first need to take
care of before the IT support guy can look at the problem and fix it. As previously
mentioned, the main task of these cloud computing hosts is to monitor and manage the
cloud’s safety and security.
10. Data monitoring
− Data is vital to modern businesses. By migrating to the cloud, you’ll enjoy the freedom of
being able to monitor your data whenever it suits you. Run a report, check your sales
numbers – you can do it all instantly as long as you have an internet connection.
11. Simple implementation process
− A lot of people seem to think that migrating to the cloud is a rather complicated process.
− While there are certain steps that need to be followed, implementing it is not actually as
complicated as when you need to install an onsite server. The process should indeed be
planned, but it’s not really something you should worry about. In fact, cloud migration can
be simple and easy as long as you use your teams or hosts to help you complete the task.
12. Be better than your competition
− Lastly, cloud computing will give you the benefit of enjoying an edge over your
competitors. As the cloud continues to increase in popularity, moving into it before your
major competitors do will give you a big advantage, especially since there are still
numerous companies that prefer to do things “the old way”. With this advantage and the
great scaling opportunities, it won’t take long for your business to achieve its goals.
LO2. Evaluate the deployment models, service models and technological drivers of Cloud Computing and
validate their use
P3. Define an appropriate deployment model for a given scenario.
1. Private Cloud
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− Is also termed as 'Internal Cloud', which allows the accessibility of systems and services
within a specific boundary or organization. The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-
based secure environment guarded by advanced firewalls under the surveillance of the IT
department that belongs to a particular organization. Private clouds permit only authorized
users, providing the organizations greater control over data and its security. Business
organizations that have dynamic, critical, secured, management demand-based
requirements should adopt Private Cloud.
− Advantages:
• Highly private and secured: Private cloud resource sharing is highly secured.
• Control Oriented: Private clouds provide more control over their resources than public
clouds as it can be accessed within the organization's boundary.
− Disadvantages:
• Poor scalability: Private type of clouds is scaled within internal limited hosted resources.
• Costly: It provides secured and more features, so it's more expensive than a public cloud.
• Pricing: is inflexible; i.e., purchasing new hardware for up-gradation is more costly.
• Restriction: It can be accessed locally within an organization and is difficult to expose
globally.
2. Public Cloud
− Is a type of cloud hosting that easily allows the accessibility of systems & its services to its
clients/users. Some examples of companies that provide public cloud facilities are IBM,
Google, Amazon, Microsoft, etc. This cloud service is open for use. This type of cloud
computing is a true specimen of cloud hosting, where the service providers render services
to various clients. From the technical point of view, there is the least difference between
private clouds and public clouds along with the structural design. Only the security level
depends based on the service providers and the type of cloud clients use. The public cloud is
better suited for business purposes for managing the load. This type of cloud is economical
due to the decrease in capital overheads.
− Advantages:
• Flexible
• Reliable
• High Scalable
• Low cost
• Place independence
− Disadvantages:
• Less Secured
• Poor Customizable
3. Hybrid Cloud
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− Is another cloud computing type, which is integrated, i.e., it can be a combination of two or
more cloud servers, i.e., private, public, or community combined as one architecture, but
remain individual entities. Non-critical tasks such as development and test workloads can be
done using the public cloud. In contrast, critical tasks that are sensitive such as organization
data handling, are done using a private cloud. Benefits of both deployment models, as well
as a community deployment model, are possible in a hybrid cloud hosting. It can cross
isolation and overcome boundaries by the provider; hence, it cannot be categorized into any
of the three deployments - public, private, or community cloud.
− Advantages:
• Flexible
• Secure
• Cost-Effective
• Rich Scalable
− Disadvantages:
• Complex networking problem
• Organization's security Compliance
4. Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
− A VPC customer has exclusive access to a segment of a public cloud. This deployment is a
compromise between a private and a public model in terms of price and features.
− Access to a virtual private platform is typically given through a secure connection (e.g., VPN).
Access can also be restricted by the user’s physical location by employing firewalls and IP
address whitelisting.
− Advantages:
• Here are the positives of VPCs:
• Cheaper than private clouds: A VPC does not cost nearly as much as a full-blown private
solution.
• More well-rounded than a public cloud: A VPC has better flexibility, scalability, and
security than what a public cloud provider can offer.
• Maintenance and performance: Less maintenance than in the private cloud, more
security and performance than in the public cloud.
− Disadvantages:
• The main weaknesses of VPCs are:
• It is not a private cloud: While there is some versatility, a VPC is still very restrictive when
it comes to customization.
• Typical public cloud problems: Outages and failures are commonplace in a VPC setup.
5. Community Cloud
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− The community cloud deployment model operates as a public cloud. The difference is that
this system only allows access to a specific group of users with shared interests and use cases.
− This type of cloud architecture can be hosted on-premises, at a peer organization, or by a
third-party provider. A combination of all three is also an option.
− Typically, all organizations in a community have the same security policies, application types,
and legislative issues.
− Advantages:
• Here are the benefits of a community cloud solution:
• Cost reductions: A community cloud is cheaper than a private one, yet it offers
comparable performance. Multiple companies share the bill, which additionally lowers
the cost of these solutions.
• Setup benefits: Configuration and protocols within a community system meet the needs
of a specific industry. A collaborative space also allows clients to enhance efficiency.
− Disadvantages:
• The main disadvantages of community cloud are:
• Shared resources: Limited storage and bandwidth capacity are common problems within
community systems.
• Still uncommon: This is the latest deployment model of cloud computing. The trend is still
catching on, so the community cloud is currently not an option in every industry.
6. Comparison of Cloud Deployment Models
Public Private VPC Community Hybric
Ease of setup Very easy to set
up, the
provider does
most of the
work.
Very hard to set
up as your
team creates
the system.
Easy to set up,
the provider
does most of
the work
(unless the
client asks
otherwise).
Easy to set up
because of
community
practices.
Very hard to set
up due to
interconnected
systems.
Ease of use Very easy to
use.
Complex and
requires an in-
house team.
Easy to use. Relatively easy
to use as
members help
solve problems
and establish
protocols.
Difficult to use
if the system
was not set up
properly.
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Data control Low, the
provider has all
control.
Very high as
you own the
system.
Low, the
provider has all
control.
High (if
members
collaborate).
Very high (with
the right
setup).
Reliability Prone to
failures and
outages.
High (with the
right team).
Prone to
failures and
outages.
Depends on the
community.
High (with the
right setup).
Scalability Low, most
providers offer
limited
resources.
Very high as
there are no
other system
tenants.
Very high as
there are no
other tenants
in your
segment of the
cloud.
Fixed capacity
limits
scalability.
High (with the
right setup).
Security and
privacy
Very low, not a
good fit for
sensitive data.
Very high, ideal
for corporate
data.
Very low, not a
good fit for
sensitive data.
High (if
members
collaborate on
security
policies).
Very high as
you keep the
data on a
private cloud.
Setup
flexibility
Little to no
flexibility,
service
providers
usually offer
only
predefined
setups.
Very flexible. Less than a
private cloud,
more than a
public one.
Little flexibility,
setups are
usually
predefined to
an extent .
Very flexible.
Cost Very
Inexpensive.
Very expensive. Affordable. Members share
the costs.
Cheaper than a
private model,
pricier than a
public one.
Demand for in-
house
hardware
No. In-house
hardware is not
a must but is
preferable.
No. No. In-house
hardware is not
a must but is
preferable.
P4. Compare the service models for choosing an adequate model for a given scenario.
I. What are SaaS, PaaS and IaaS?
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− SaaS. Software as a Service implies that all basic system settings are managed by the vendor,
and the client can access the application via the Internet connection.
− PaaS. Platform as a Service means that the server's operating system is managed by the
vendor, and the client only has control over the applications.
− IaaS. Infrastructure as a Service. The client receives virtual servers and a virtual network upon
which they can install software.
− In this article, we will investigate the difference between SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS. Here's an
infographic if you are here for a quick look.
II. What is SaaS?
− Within the SaaS model, the product is hosted by the provider and is available to customers
through a browser or API.
− Most often, the product is a cloud solution that resembles a traditional software application,
except it’s deployed from the vendor and its support rests on that vendor. Moreover, the
SaaS vendor manages the following elements (actually all of them):
• Software product
• Runtime
• Integrations
• OS
• Virtualization
• Security
• Databases
• Hardware maintenance
• Storage
− The customer just needs to connect to the Internet, log in to the account, and use the
product.
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−
III. What is PaaS?
− Platform-as-a-service operates at a different level. While SaaS provides users with a full-
fledged product, PaaS refers to a runtime environment that they can use to create their own
apps.
− Platform as a Service has integrated software components designed for building software.
With a PaaS solution in place, you do not need to build out and maintain the infrastructure
needed for software development.
− It has largely simplified software development. PaaS allows developers to deploy applications
without the underlying necessities such as operating systems, servers, databases and
development tools.
− Simply put, PaaS is a foundation upon which a software product can be built.
− Let’s see what elements are covered by the vendor:
• Development tools
• OS
• Virtualization
• Runtime
• Storage
• Networking
• Database
• Middleware
− The customer, on the other hand, obtains control over applications and data.
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−
IV. What is IaaS?
− Infrastructure as a Service is a cloud-based model that offers a full-fledged computing
infrastructure (servers, data warehousing, networks, operating systems) designed for the
deployment and launch of users’ software solutions.
−
V. SaaS, PaaS and IaaS comparison
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−
VI. IaaS vs PaaS vs SaaS: Which Cloud Service Is Suitable for Me?
− To summarize, choose IaaS that resonates with my needs. Because i want to have control
over the infrastructure and cannot afford your own servers. As such, you will move from
CAPEX to OPEX.
M2. Demonstrate these deployment models with real world examples.
1. Public cloud example:
−Public cloud services are provided by Amazon, Google, Microsoft, IBM, Oracle, and others.
Resources are shared by hundreds or thousands of people. Google Cloud Platform public cloud
infrastructure is a part of google cloud storage public services. Gmail, Google Drive are
examples of public cloud services. For example, an email account is secured by its password,
and the hardware over which it is stored is shared by millions of people. Here we are listing
various services provided by public cloud companies in the market:
• Microsoft Azure ExpressRoute
• Google Cloud Interconnect
• AWS Direct Connect
• Blue cloud by IBM
• Alibaba Cloud
• Oracle Cloud FastConnect
−Every cloud service provider offers various services and suites on a wide range of service
categories. Few main categories are storage, compute, container, and serverless. These
categories are almost the same and the usage depends on the mindfulness of the user. Few
product options available are GCP, Azure, and AWS. Let’s have a look at these categories in
detail
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−Storage: Different storage types are block, object, and file. Microsoft storage offers are
available as, Azure Disk for block storage, Azure Files for file storage, and Azure Blob for object
storage Amazon S3 object storage offers six storage tiers and each differs by the access
frequency. Amazon Elastic File System and Amazon Elastic Block Store are the other storage
services offered by AWS.
−Compute: The compute service offered by GCP IaaS service is known as Google Compute
Engine. The cloud IaaS service offered by Amazon is Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) which
offers computing capacity for EC2 instances. Azure Virtual Machines is the compute service
offered by Microsoft.
−Container: Azure Kubernetes Service, Azure Container Instances, Azure Container Registry are
the container services offered by Microsoft. GCP services include Google Cloud Run and Google
Kubernetes Engine. Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service, Amazon Elastic Container Service, AWS
Fargate and Amazon Elastic Container Registry are the container services by AWS.
−Serverless: The major serverless providers are Azure Functions, AWS Lambda, and Google
Cloud Functions.
2. Private cloud example:
−SBI bank in India has built their own private cloud on top of VMware technologies with the
name of “ Meghadoot”. They wanted to take advantage of benefits of cloud computing like
• Rapid and simple deployment
• Less time to market your services
• Cost efficincy with services
• More utilization of server resources
• Less capital and operational costs.
• This Cloud datacenter is setup in Mumbai.
−The question is what if due to some natural disaster or a fire accident they loose their Mumbai
datacenter? They cant afford to loose their data. They wanted a Disaster recovery solution,
which simply means they wanted to all their data and services replicated some where else.
−They have build their DR site in CTRLS a public cloud hosting company based in Hyderabad with
cloud datacenters in almost 28 countries.
−If you see, SBI has got their own private cloud and they got their DR running in a public cloud
company like CTRLS.
−Hybrid cloud is all about consuming services from ones own private cloud and also having some
services running on public cloud.
3. Hybrid cloud example:
a. BlackLine
− Availability, compliance with financial standards, and security are essential for every
financial services company.
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− And for a company which was growing at 50% each year and capacity touching 20 times
the base capacity, it was getting difficult to survive with on-premise IT infrastructure
alone.
− But such necessities always bring out innovative approaches.
− To keep their standards intact, BlackLine found a way of deploying its private cloud
infrastructure at a Verizon colocation facility. This approach gave them a data center that
is built from security and compliance purposes.
− BlackLine’s strategy of using the Verizon facility helped them to retain total control over
their intellectual property and sensitive data while receiving the required network speed
and reliability.
b. Monash University
− Monash University wanted to eliminate tape and in-house tape storage and embrace to
cloud. They were using the data domain as a backup target and it was getting more
expensive and its capacity was limited.
− Along with it, there was no backup cloud option to store it.
− University’s Director of data-backup contacted the SteelStore cloud storage appliance for
solving their problems. A proof-of-concept proved that the experiment was successful.
− The on-site appliance had a built-in disk that could store the most recent backups to allow
the local backups.
− This data was also replicated at AWS, a public cloud, which offers cheap and deep storage
for long term purpose.
− SteelStorage used encryption, compression, and de-duplication to ensure the efficient use
of backup SteelStorage capacity and network bandwidth. As the encryption keys were
managed on-premises, the data in the cloud was secured.
LO1&LO2.
D1. Justify the tools chosen to realize a Cloud Computing solution.
1. AWS CloudFormation
− Helping to secure its leadership in all things “cloud,” Amazon’s AWS CloudFormation allows
you to model resources in YAML or JSON, automate them, and then deploy them in your
AWS cloud-based infrastructure.
− If you use or plan to use AWS-based cloud offerings, CloudFormation can help ensure
configurations are as easy as possible for all your teams.
− CloudFormation lets you run a huge list of other AWS tools right out of the box, including
Amazon CloudWatch and AWS Elastic Beanstalk. CloudFormation also handles automated
management of cross-region accounts, making it easier to expand into new locales as your
business scales. CloudFormation Change Sets are a great way to preview impending changes
to your infrastructure before they happen.
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− If you plan on using the AWS cloud, let CloudFormation do as much heavy lifting as you need
it to.
2. Puppet
− A longtime leader in the configuration automation market, Puppet helps some of today’s
largest software teams model, configure, and systematically enforce desired configurations
of their infrastructures. With Puppet Enterprise—the company’s commercial offering—you
can manage all aspects of your cloud-based infrastructure, from compute to storage to
networking resources, at an impressive scale (think upwards of 20,000 nodes for a basic
deployment). And it works on public, private, and hybrid clouds. You write modules in
Puppet’s domain-specific language (DSL) that provide code for the configurations that are
enforced by an agent you install on each node.
− With Puppet Enterprise, you get out-of-the-box orchestration and task-based command
execution and multi-device management. It’s GUI console makes it easy to classify and
manage all the cloud machines you’ve deployed. And while the Puppet DSL is known for
taking a while to learn, the payoff can be huge.
− Puppet maintains integrations and partnerships with major players like Microsoft, VMware,
Google, and Amazon. AWS Opswork for Puppet Enterprise, for example, provides a fully
integrated suite of automation tools for managing your cloud-based infrastructure.
− If on-the-mark enforced configuration and drift remediation is what you need, Puppet is the
automation tool for you.
3. Ansible
− Recently brought under the RedHat umbrella, Ansible is quickly becoming an industry
standard based on its easy-to-use, task-based infrastructure automation. Ansible boasts
that you don’t need an advanced degree in computer science to write automation,
configuration, or orchestration tasks in its simple language, which you package in
“playbooks.” Additionally, you can easily manage all aspects of your cloud infrastructure
without installing a single agent anywhere in your cloud infrastructure.
− Key capabilities of Ansible Tower (Ansible’s commercial offering) include job scheduling,
GUI-based inventory management, multi-playbook workflows, and a flexible REST API that
lets you embed Ansible Tower in almost any task-based configuration management process.
− Major integrations include AWS, Microsoft Azure Cloud Computing, VMware, Rackspace,
Digital Ocean, and Google Cloud Computing.
− Automating configurations with Ansible’s tasks execution may make your job feel a bit too
easy.
4. Chef
− Chef is another veteran player in the infrastructure configuration game. Like Puppet, Chef
provides its own DSL to help you enforce everything from configuration policies to
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continuous delivery of production code. For Chef Automate users (Chef’s commercial
platform), you can automate the management of your self-hosted AWS-based
infrastructure on an hourly basis or use AWS Opswork for Chef Automate.
− With Chef Automate you can expect critical features like detailed compliance management,
high availability, and GUI-based workflow pipeline creation.
− Major integrations include AWS, Microsoft Azure Cloud Computing, VMware, and Google
Cloud Computing.
− Chef is a solid choice if compliance management is what you need.
5. Kubernetes
− Originally developed by Google, Kubernetes is a container orchestration platform for
automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. In fact,
it’s established itself as the defacto standard for container orchestration and is the flagship
project of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, backed by key players like Google, AWS,
Microsoft, IBM, Intel, Cisco, and RedHat.
− While it’s by no means an actual infrastructure configuration management tool, Kubernetes
makes it easy to deploy and operate applications based on a microservice architecture for
almost any cloud. It does so by creating an abstraction layer on top of a group of hosts, so
that development teams can deploy their applications and let Kubernetes manage things
like controlling resource consumption by application or team, evenly spread application
loads across their host infrastructure, and automatically load balance requests across the
different instances of an application.
− Thinking about adopting containers and a microservices architecture? Many suspect that
Kubernetes may one day make traditional configuration management tools completely
obsolete.
6. Terraform
− Another aspect of infrastructure management is the idea of “infrastructure as code.” The
Big 3 all claim this as a central philosophy, and Terraform is no different. Put simply,
Terraform is an open source tool that you use to write declarative configuration files to
create and modify infrastructure, but it’s not exactly a “configuration automation tool.”
− If you used the company’s commercial product Terraform Enterprise in a cloud-based
workflow (in AWS, for example), you’d write modules that are version-controlled
configurations declaring the creation or modification of high-level resources, such as
Amazon EC2 instances or Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) resources. Terraform
can help you automatically configure these resources with the aid of extensive resource
graphing and execution plans. But you’ll still likely need a configuration management tool
like Puppet or Chef to help you automate the setup and execution of the software on those
resources.
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− Major integrations for Terraform include AWS, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure
Cloud Computing, and Oracle Cloud.
− Terraform takes “infrastructure as code” pretty seriously. You’re gonna get exactly what you
expect here—strong, stable declarative configurations.
7. Google Cloud Deployment Manager
− If you plan to build your cloud infrastructure with Google Cloud Computing, check out Cloud
Deployment Manager. Here you can automate the configuration and deployment of your
Google cloud with parallel, repeatable deployments and template-driven configurations.
Cloud Deployment Manager provides a rich set of tools from CLIs and APIs to GUIs for
managing all phases of your infrastructure’s configuration and management, from resource
creation to deletion.
8. Microsoft Azure Automation
− Azure Automation delivers a cloud-based automation and configuration service that
provides consistent management across Azure and non-Azure environments. It consists of
process automation, update management, and configuration features designed to help you
reduce errors and cut the time spent on your infrastructure deployments. Azure Automation
also provides automated control over maintenance and compliance runs.
− Best of all, it’s not just for Windows! With Azure Automation, you get heterogenous
deployments for Windows or Linux hosts using automation that you trigger with PowerShell
or Python runbooks.
− Microsoft is clearly showing its dedication to the modern DevOps practitioner. If you need
to a run a diverse set of operating systems, Azure could be a great way to roll.
9. Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud
− Cisco provides a number of cloud offerings, from private to public to hybrid solutions.
Alongside these offerings, Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud gives everything from
infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) to hands-on provisioning and management of instances
running in the Cisco cloud or in other cloud environments, including AWS, OpenStack, and
VMware.
− Top features include a self-service portal for users of your cloud, multi-tenancy, and network
service automation. Though clearly created with Cisco’s own cloud infrastructure offerings
in mind, Cisco Intelligent Automation for Cloud benefits from being able to extend the
automation tooling into other ecosystems.
− cloud with gears insideSome pretty great features include a self-service portal for users of
your cloud, multi-tenancy, and network service automation.
− Cisco is a proven, stable giant and it looks like its automation services are perfect for those
needing a one-stop full-service provider.
10. VMware vCenter Configuration Manager (VCM)
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− This small slice of the VMware world helps you configure and maintain your VMware cloud
environments (running on vendors like AWS and RackSpace) so they meet your operational,
security, and compliance requirements.
− VCM gives you a central location to control configuration of your VMware-based
infrastructure, whether it’s running on Windows, Linux, or Unix operating systems. You’ll
also have a selection of VMware integrations at your fingertips—useful to help keep track
of configuration data, change data, networking configurations, and compliance policies
using a number of VMware tools, including vCenter, vCloud Director, and VMware vCloud
Networking and Security.
➢ Conclusion:
− Every infrastructure automation tool has its strengths, weaknesses, and learning curves. In
choosing a tool, you’ll want to find the one that best matches the needs of your project and
the needs of your teams. Cloud-vendor built tools may provide the easiest way to get the
ball rolling as you start your cloud migration, especially if a “one-stop shop” is what you’re
looking for.
− That said, tools like Puppet, Chef, and Ansible have built tremendous reputations with
DevOps practitioners managing infrastructures in all kinds of cloud environments, and their
integrations prove it. But be sure to do your homework because some of the related tools
may have exactly what you need. In fact, in many cases, you may find that the best of
approach is to combine two or more of these tools.
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