Information Technology Management: Cloud Infrastructure Analysis

This report provides a detailed analysis of cloud infrastructure, focusing on Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) models. It begins by defining cloud infrastructure and then delves into each model, explaining their functionalities and characteristics. The report highlights the limitations of each model, such as interoperability issues with SaaS, vendor lock-in with PaaS, and internet connectivity dependencies with IaaS. Furthermore, it identifies and discusses the vulnerabilities associated with each model, including instability and lack of transparency in SaaS, default application configurations and SSL protocol flaws in PaaS, and data leaks and insider threats in IaaS. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and emphasizing the importance of understanding these models, their limitations, and their vulnerabilities for effective IT management and cloud implementation.

Running head: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
Information Technology Management
April 23
2019

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
1
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Cloud Infrastructure...............................................................................................................2
SaaS - Software as a Service..................................................................................................3
Limitations of SaaS............................................................................................................3
Vulnerabilities of SaaS.......................................................................................................4
PaaS - Platform as a Service..................................................................................................4
Limitations of PaaS............................................................................................................4
Vulnerability of PaaS.........................................................................................................5
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service...........................................................................................5
Limitations of IaaS.............................................................................................................6
Vulnerability of IaaS..........................................................................................................6
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7
References..................................................................................................................................9

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
2
Introduction
The term cloud is used to refer to accessing a computer, software application, and
information technology (IT), with the connected network, frequently by retrieving data
centers with the help of internet connectivity and WAN i.e. wide area networking. Around
every resource of information technology can live in the cloud: a service, or entire
infrastructure, application or a software program. For instance, if a company desire to create
an infrastructure of Information technology, generally it will install the software, networking,
and services it needed; however, all these resources and services are today accessible through
third parties who are present in the market for offering cloud (SDX Central, 2019). The intent
of this report is to discuss the concept of cloud infrastructure. In addition to this, it is
highlighting the limitations and vulnerabilities of different cloud infrastructure models.
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure is said to be a virtual infrastructure that is distributed or retrieved
through the internet or network. It is generally called as the on-demand products or services
that are being delivered by the models regarded as IaaS i.e. infrastructure as a service, which
is one of the fundamental cloud computing models. It is a completely automated service
where resources of computing supplemented with networking and storage services are
offered to the client (Wang, Ranjan and Chen, 2017). In core, clients have an Information
Technology infrastructure that could be used without paying for the physical infrastructure
construction.
Cloud computing is said to be based on the service model which is categorized into three key
models:
 SaaS – Software as a Service

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
3
 PaaS – Platform as a Service
 IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service (Safari, 2019)
SaaS - Software as a Service
It is a model for software distribution where users make use of software over the Internet. In
SaaS, the service provider masses the files at the data center and a consumer gets its access
through a standard web browser.
Limitations of SaaS
Interoperability – It is said to be the first complications which result in holding back the
decision of adopting the cloud. Business requires concurrent interoperability between the
application of SaaS and different applications in other areas like private clouds. Building
cloud integration hubs is as same as internal integrations (Agile IT, 2017).
Decreased support for integration – The key driver for the growth of SaaS is how properly
applications unified with each other. Integrating application of cloud with on-premises
systems can represent a lot of support issues. In this case, the data is mined, interpreted and
then loaded from one system to a different system. These types of operations highlight higher
risk of security than on-premises integration. The procedure of integration is also considered
to be very time consuming which weakens from a few of the basic benefits of a cloud file
server migration (Messmer, 2010).
Data Exchange – Data exchange between systems could be awkward and inexact. Enhancing
the procedure of exchanging the data comprises understanding the current issues, determining
the data that has to be exchanged, scheming a data alteration and integration solution,
finishing the operation and testing the outcomes. Exchange of data looks like one of the
simple procedure, but it is boring and demanding.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
4
Vulnerabilities of SaaS
Instability – Stability and security are said to be the true pillars that support in establishing
reliable SaaS Software. The services today becoming very famous that is also called as the
double-edged sword. On one side, it offers a number of options for the customers and
services of high quality because it enforces each provider to maintain the competitive edge.
However, on the other side, everyone will not be capable to sustain with the developing
market. And it can result in shutting down of the employed provide due to incapability to
compete in the market.
Lack of Transparency – SaaS providers are mostly private and promise their customers they
can properly secure their data in comparison to other providers. In the end, they also
guarantee that they have the capability to secure files and information more adeptly.
However, there is a number of issues in the context of the lack of transparency of providers
on how their complete security protocol is being managed. Inappropriately, it raises the
points for debate. The lack of transparency can also result in distrust in the mind of clients.
PaaS - Platform as a Service
Platform as a service is said to be the notion that defines the platform of computing which is
delivered or rented as the integrated solution, solution pile or service via internet
connectivity. PaaS is developed from SaaS, which makes use of the internet in order to host
the applications of software.
Limitations of PaaS
Vendor Lock-in – The general disapproval of PaaS is vendor lock-in. Clients of PaaS are
placed at the mercy of the service provider at the time of increasing prices, unwelcoming
changes in the technology and changes in the direction of the provider which even require
rewriting the complete application.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
5
Runtime Limitations - PaaS runtimes are augmented for a precise set of frameworks and
language. TheGoogle App Engine just supports Java, Go, and Python. On the other side,
Cloud Foundry supports Ruby, Node.js, and Java. Because there is restricted entry to the
operating system, even if the designed framework of language programming is supported,
changes can be identified by analyzing the limitations:
 There is a possibility that the desired framework version and runtime may or may not
be available (Monroy, 2012)
 It is possible that the client is not able to install the libraries that are needed.
Vulnerability of PaaS
Default Application Configurations – While operating an application on the infrastructure
of the cloud, the chances that the application is protected in its evasion outline are perhaps
zero. Therefore, making alterations in the installation of the default application will be the
key security mitigation that needs to be performed.
SSL Protocol and implementation flaws – Another bigger threat to the users of PaaS is
SSL-based attacks. SSL is the reinforcements of many of the "security" that is used in the
cloud and, in that case, the Internet is normal. The present emphasis of the community of
hacking on breaking SSL will be a key exploit course in the coming time duration (Cox.
2019).
Insecure permissions on cloud data – The thirst key threat that the users of PaaS have to
deal with is assuring the proper consents on data kept in the cloud.
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS is the Infrastructure as a service is said to be a prompt infrastructure of computing,
provisioned and accomplished over the internet. Classically, the providers of IaaS are servers,

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
6
data center space, hardware, or network components. It can also include software. The
service provider of IaaS offers services that are policy-based and is accountable for housing,
functioning and upholding the kit it offers for the customers (Altmann and Rana, 2010).
The characteristics of IaaS are:
 Dynamic scaling
 Automated administrative tasks
 Internet connectivity
 Platform virtualization (Aguado, Andersen and Avetisyan, 2016)
Limitations of IaaS
 One of the key limitations of IaaS is the requirement of internet connectivity; if the
connectivity is lost the users have to bear high losses. Besides this, if the customer
requires high-speed interaction and adopting the IaaS model into the system will not
provide speed as it is based on internet connectivity (Barry and Associations, 2019).
 IaaS is majorly based on virtualization services
 IaaS service restricts customization and user-privacy because the security features of
the model are not adequate as per the requirement of the client
Vulnerability of IaaS
Data Leaks – Data available in the cloud gets unprotected to some of the threats. Because of
the huge data amount, cloud providers platform because of a striking target for invaders. Data
leaks could result in a series of unsuccessful events for information technology infrastructure
and businesses as service IaaS providers.
Insider Threat – Workforce of the providers of the cloud service have direct entrée to the
networks as well as hardware, and many of them have permission to access hypervisors,

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
7
authentication infrastructure, and provisioning systems. Therefore, these advantaged insiders
are said to be a major threat (SSH Communication Security, 2018).
Breaking Authentication – Entrée to the accounts utilized to provision virtual machines and
other different services of the cloud allows the foe to just make use of API services of cloud
or user interface in order to abolish services or get extra services or access as needed. The
identifications to get the services of the cloud can be attained by following a simple
procedure (E-Security Planet, 2017).
Negotiating Accounts and Authentication Bypass – Leak of data can also lead to
inadequate courtesy to authentication confirmation, weak passwords, poor management of
encryption are to be blamed. Additionally, information technology businesses are dealing
with some of the issues related to permissions and managing rights when the client is
allocated with superior powers then they require. The issue can also arise when the client
promoted to another position or resigns from the company: not a single person is concerned
about updating the new user roles. As the outcome, the account has privileges to have access
to more features than required.
Conclusion
The above report is discussing the concept of cloud infrastructure and the limitations of the
models of cloud infrastructure. In addition to this, the paper has also highlighted the
vulnerabilities of the models of cloud infrastructure. From the above analysis, it has been
analyzed that cloud infrastructure is the virtual infrastructure that is distributed or retrieved
through the internet or network. The cloud infrastructure is comprised of three models that is
SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), and IaaS (Infrastructure as a
Service). All the three models have some of the limitations as well as vulnerabilities that must

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
8
be considered by the clients while implementing the models into the system. The limitations
of SaaS are Interoperability and decreased support for integration. The limitations of PaaS are
Vendor Lock-in and runtime limitation. Besides this, the limitation of IaaS is the requirement
of internet connectivity and restricts customization and user-privacy.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
9
References
Agile IT (2017) 5 SaaS Limitations That Could Derail Your Cloud Migration [online].
Available from https://www.agileit.com/news/saas-limitations-file-server-migration/
[accessed 23 April 2019]
Aguado, D., Andersen, T., and Avetisyan, A. (2016) A Practical Approach to Cloud IaaS
with IBM SoftLayer: Presentations Guide 1st ed. U.S: IBM Redbooks.
Altmann, J., and Rana, O.F. (2010) Computer Communication Networks and
Telecommunications 1st ed. Germany: Springer Science & Business Media.
Barry and Associations (2019) Service Architecture [online]. Available from
https://www.service-architecture.com/articles/cloud-computing/infrastructure_as_a_service_i
aas.html [accessed 23 April 2019]
Cox. P. (2019) Top threats in a PaaS cloud service and how to avoid them [online]. Available
from https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/tip/Top-threats-in-a-PaaS-cloud-service-
and-how-to-avoid-them [accessed 23 April 2019]
E-Security Planet (2017) IaaS Security: Threats and Protection Methodologies [online].
Available from https://www.esecurityplanet.com/network-security/iaas-security-threats-and-
protection-methodologies.html [accessed 23 April 2019]
Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services: 7th International Workshop, GECON
2010, Ischia, Italy, August 31, 2010, Proceedings

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT
10
Messmer, E. (2010) Limitations of software-as-a-service highlighted at Gartner ITxpo
[online]. Available from https://www.networkworld.com/article/2192283/limitations-of-
software-as-a-service-highlighted-at-gartner-itxpo.html [accessed 23 April 2019]
Monroy, G. (2012) Understanding PaaS Limitations [online]. Available from
http://www.itbriefcase.net/understanding-paas-limitations [accessed 23 April 2019]
Safari (2019) Cloud Infrastructure Models [online]. Available from
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/cloud-application-architectures/9780596157647/
ch01s04.html [accessed 23 April 2019]
SDX Central (2019) What is the Cloud? – Definition
SDX Central (2019) What is the Cloud? – Definition [online]. Available from
https://www.sdxcentral.com/cloud/definitions/what-is-cloud/ [accessed 23 April 2019]
SSH Communication Security (2018) IAAS & SECURITY [online]. Available from
https://www.ssh.com/cloud/iaas/ [accessed 23 April 2019]
Wang, L., Ranjan, R., and Chen, J. (2017) Cloud Computing: Methodology, Systems, and
Applications 2nd ed. U.S: CRC Press.