CMOP-E Model: Application in Mental Health Center Occupational Therapy

This essay critically examines the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) as a structural and conceptual guide for occupational therapists working in role-emerging settings within mental health centers. It begins by defining mental health and the aims of mental health centers, focusing on training, learning, and integrating individuals with mental illness into quality work placements and independent living. The essay then delves into the CMOP-E model, its historical context, components (person, environment, and occupation), and its application at various levels: intervention, service provision, and self-evaluation. It discusses the importance of client-centered practices, engagement, and the role of occupational therapists in enhancing individuals' abilities to live freely and participate in meaningful life roles. The essay also addresses the use of the Canadian Practice Process Framework and the challenges and considerations in evaluating occupational therapy services within the context of mental health.

Running head: CMOP-E 1
Occupational therapy

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The occupations can involve various roles such as being a spouse, player, parent, an
artist, a musician, or a cook. Occupational therapy concentrates on the link between occupations,
environments and people (Lillywhite and Haines, 2010). It is vital or the therapist to
communicate the practices which they will cover under process and abut outcome as well.
Accountability and social inquiry play a major role in the building of evaluation by using
systematic value judgments that can be evaluated by guiding beliefs. It is vital for the
organization to keep focus on the evaluation of the occupational therapy which can be attained
by a formal systematic process (Clarke, C. 2003). The various theories and model of
organization therapy facilitates the professional to work like professional and implement the
strategic decision to fulfill the need of the organization.
This assignment will cover the one specific model as a structural guide for practice that is
Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement. As per Polatajko, Townsend &
Craik, (2007), it would be helpful to make evaluate decisions for the occupational therapist
working in the term of role-emerging setting at the mental illness center. It will be elaborated
before assessing the utilization of the model at an individual, environment and occupational
level. Along with that CMOP-E will be significantly inspected in this research study as guidance
of structural and conceptual guide in building evaluative judgments for an occupational therapist
at a Mental Health Centers (McLean, et. al., 2015). The setting will be discussed at three levels
such as intervention level, a service-provision level and a self-evaluation level.
To clarify the meaning of “Mental Health” is explained in below:

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Mental health is a term of psychological well-being or absence of mental illness. It is a
psychological state of someone who is evaluating at an acceptable level of behavioral and
emotional adjustment (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2012).
Setting
The main aim of the Mental Health Center is to provide training and learning things to
the people who are suffering from mental illness into quality work placements and employment
(Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2015). There are various people
with mental illness take participants in the centre to get treatment and their development is
measured with the help of accreditation and attainment of personal skills. Mental health centre
has its own project to evaluate in which each occupation is meaningful in various areas such as
holistic, culture, relational, strength and creative pursuits amongst others (Plach and Sells, 2013)
Individuals’ services with mental illness have been transferred from the hospitals to the
community, along with that the shifting of the philosophy of service delivery is done. The
training for learning others has been conducted in the centre in which number of people has
participated with the background in social approaches to provision of service. In that scenario,
service users can attend their chosen project and go through with that effectively. It has been
found that in the past, there was devotion to the medical model and due to changes in trends; the
main focus is on integrating the recovery model (Schultz-Krohn and Pendleton, 2017). The
major objectives of this center is to involve attaining and upholding going to school, employment
and living independently despite of mental illness. The intention of occupational therapy in the
mental health centre is to enhance the ability of an individual to live freely without depending on
others as probable in the society while involving in the productive and meaningful life roles

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(Owusu‐Obeng, et. al., 2014). Occupational therapy approaches are facilitated to play an
significant role in the growth of those improving in the society (Gimeno, et. al., 2014).
Model
In the context of history of this Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and
Engagement, this model was introduced by Polatajko, Townsend and Craik in 2007. It has been
evolved from the Occupational Performance Model (OPM) and the main focus of this model on
the performance of the organization. CMOP-E sustains the view to encompass the engagement
to go beyond the occupational performance. Engagement is the result of the dynamic
interpedently relationship between the person, occupation and environment (Phipps and
Richardson, 2007). The main aim of this model to promote the client-centered practices and the
view of the professional that occupation is considered as the main concern of the domain
(Mulligan, White and Arthanat, 2014). The application of the model enables the function and the
roles of the occupational therapist within a specific team. It facilitates to extend the interest for
not only performing occupations but also having them. It improves the scope of the practices and
the profession. As per Jackman, Novak and Lannin, (2014), the build of occupational
performance is not create open in the model but is comprised within the model. It is considered
as the window through which one may oversee rather than a view in which the process of
looking by the window can be described.
Components
The model contains three components such as person, occupation and environment. The role of
person in this model is important because it is situated at the centre of the model. There are
majorly three components that are cognitive, physical and affective that makes up the person

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situated in each of the corner. Second component of it is environment which is the outer circle of
the model that depicts the environment where numbers of employee are working and where
occupation occurs. Environment is the major a connection that link between the person and the
context (Buchanan and Fitzgerald, 2007). It put impact on the person and occupation in various
way and these can be categorized into four ways such as physical, cultural, social and
institutional. It covers the dimension in which individual get opportunity to accomplish the
occupational responsibility. The third and last component of this model is occupation which is
classified into three categories such as categories, self-care and productivity. The inner circle
shows the occupation that indicates occupation is the core domain of concern to occupational
therapist. It is done with the help of occupation in which person interacts with an environment.
These components show that they are interlinked with each other (Taylor, 2017).
Figure 1: Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement

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Source: (Devitt, et. al., 2006).
Evaluation at intervention level
People with mental illness are more assorted and unwell regarding day to day activities
and evaluation of the role emerged setting can be difficult due to amendments in the quality of
life and it may be lead in to delicate situation. As per Gentry, et. al., (2008), it is vital to provide
the experimental learning, development of skills, providing guidance and healthy environment.
Occupational therapist is educated to give services that support mental as well as physical health,
habilitation, rehabilitation and approaches regarding recovery oriented. This kind of education
involves specific experience of clinical fieldwork in a setting focuses on issues of psychosocial
(AOTA, 2010). In the context of using model to guide the professional for improving the health
of an individual can comprise an inherent risk of decreasing the worldview of professional into
an oversimplified term. However, occupational therapy model are focusing on offering a usual
view to provide a cooperative model for practice instead of giving a model of practice. It can be
able to guide to occupational therapist to execute the practical professional rationality
(Kielhofner, 2009).
Occupational therapist in the mental illness setting explains the use of model to provide
effective guidance for practice (National Health Service, 2007). The Canadian Model of
Occupational Performance and Engagement and its connected CMOP-E is being utilized by
occupational therapists working in mental illness and the outcome in the form of improvement
have been reported (Boniface, 2012). The model is helpful to provide the position to the service
user at the center and interacting dynamically with the environment as well as occupations. The
service user’s performance in this model depicted as a triangle at the centre of the model which

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defines that it has major three components such as cognitive, affective and physical with religion
at the core whilst the occupations are defined in the term of self-care, productivity and leisure,
connecting the person to the environment (Boniface, 2008). Along with the environmental
culture contains institutional, cultural, social and physical aspects that connect to the service user
(Townsend and Polatajko, 2007). Engagement is vital to perform adequately in the organization
and it defines that how occupationally effective environment is.
There can be some cognitive issues and it is vital for the occupational therapist to remove
the issue of by taking help of Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. For instance, the
person with severe mental illness should be treated in well manner (Trombly, et. al., 2002). The
role of occupational therapist in the setting is to enhance the process by evaluating the history of
the service-user with those people who know them in well manner about the habits, perceptions,
fond and way of communicating (Shankland, et. al., 2017). With taking help of it, occupational
therapist can aid the service user in taking appropriate decision through graded decision making
by taking consideration of the safety of the service-user (American Occupational Therapy
Association, 2012). There are various tools which can be facilitated to take decision in the
context of improving the mental illness of an individual. Individualizing communication as well
as Augmented and Alternative Communication tools can help service-user participation along
with that it is helpful to gather the more information about the topic.
It has been suggested by Doble and Santha, (2008), that it has been evaluated that the
person is entrenched within the environment to symbolize lives within a exclusive ecological
context such as cultural, substantial and social which can live into the possibilities of the
occupational. It has been found that the occupational therapist in the term of mental illness
setting mentions the importance of the model as vital (Welsh Assembly Government, 2004). The

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question has been arisen at that time that which model is able to provide the guidance about the
working at the charity. An occupational therapy model was not developed for the purpose of
guidance. Even as the CMOP-E has their own unique point of view, it is able to share the
common key concepts of person, occupation and environment. It would be helpful for the setting
of center (World Health Organization, 2011).
Service-Provision Evaluation
The use of Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement is defensible at a
government strategy level in providing efficient services. Lorig,et. al., (2014), the services
cannot be described by implementing the model that is why it is necessary to evaluate the
offering services. It is vital to make a change in the services to meet the external as well as
internal demands of the organizations for the purpose of creating the opportunities and strengths.
Brown & Stoffel, (2011), evaluates that there are major four factors in the Canadian Practice
Process Framework that is the societal context; the practice context; frame(s) of reference and
the process element. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement is
aided to attain the effectual outcome for the framework as to be the guide of the theoretical to
practice (Baptiste, et. al., 2013).
The societal context is able to attract the wide social context that the analyst and their clients are
inhabited through occupations. The connection between the client and the therapist helps to
maintain the health environment by referring the values, beliefs and attitudes of both of them. In
the context of mental health centre, the role of therapist could evaluate in the term of finding the
difference between personal beliefs and the mission of the centre (Scheinholtz, 2010). On the
other hand the second factor of practice context focuses on the engagement between the therapies

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and the client by considering the environmental factors. There is some facts that occupational
therapy involvement help to get better the result for those who are living in the society with
severe diseases of mental illness (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2010). These
kinds of interventions can be found in the areas of work, still training, education, health and
wellness and cognitive adaption. There are some examples of occupational therapy involvement
in community mental health which involve evaluation and adaption the environment at work
place, home, school and other places where individual can promote his optimal functioning,
another example is providing effective program related to educational, experiment learning and
treatment classes or groups to address assertiveness, interpersonal and social skills (Dimick, et.
al., 2009). It is necessary for the occupational therapist to provide the training in activities of
daily living and facilitating the development of the skills. Relevant standards can be chosen by
occupational therapist for the practice setting and describe the quality of service that is provided.
It reflects that the uniqueness of occupational therapy and build a health environment at the
workplace to support inter-professional practice (Duncan, 2006). Client centered practice is also
considered under the fundamental to CMOP-E which refers that client centered practice means
focusing on the aim of the client and projected outcomes. The main focus of this model to
interact with people and collaborate with them rather than doing things for them. It aids to work
with people that enhance the good environment and occupation become well due to put effective
strategy.
Self-Evaluation
The practice and the phase of real world are different which cannot be resolved by simply
put the theoretical approach. Reflective process is facilitated to reflective practioners for critical
self-enquiry. They can actively evaluate the complex experience by utilizing the evidence and

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rationally that may bring the new understandings. Reflection can be done by applying various
approaches o gather the interest for growth and development (Strack and Deutsch, 2004). For the
purpose of self reelection, it is vital for the organizational therapist to keep focus on the
appreciative reflection which contains four kind of appreciative intent. Initially, the major aim of
appreciative intent is focusing on the positive intent and essential aspects of practice instead of
acknowledging strength of others (Cummings and Worley, 2014). It refers to get mingled with
other in efficient manner by involving them into communication and valuing them. In second
last, there is an appreciative intent to inspire action for the betterment of self and the
organization. Lastly, the best performance of an individual, team and organization refers the
appreciative intent in the organization that come from applying emotional intelligence and
enhancing the learning environment within an organization. Bolton, (2010), argues that an
appreciative reflection is different from others and builds new ways and learning in which it uses
values that are found socially, culturally, politically and historically. By taking help of Canadian
Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement, the view of appreciative reflection is
holistic and does not look for providing technical guidance in pre-planned manner. It is helpful
for people to get engaged in the environment for making best occupation (Dancox, 2008).
Problem solving skill should be involved in the feature of the occupational therapist because
mental illness cannot be reduced quickly, it will take time and during that time problem solving
skill of occupational therapist work more. The occupational therapist might be influenced on
issues often found in the setting of role-emerging like supervision and mentoring, inter-
professional collaboration and feeling of isolations (Diamantopoulos and Siguaw, 2006).
Occupational therapists developing the role in mental illness center need to be clear and assertive
about what have been done by them and identify the need of supervision to focus on the

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professional standards. Evidence has been found that indicates to rely on the peer-led support
from other working at the same level with other team (Department of Health, 2009).
Appreciative reflection is done by occupational therapist which could facilitate in role-emerging
issues and gather information. Furthermore, evidence can be accumulated from reflection for
constant professional development.

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Conclusion
It has been concluded that the evaluation has been done with taking help of evaluation
theory CMOP-E has been chosen for a newly appointed occupational therapist at a mental illness
center. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement and its connected
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure is being utilized by occupational therapists
working in mental illness and the outcome in the form of improvement have been reported. The
evaluation has been done at intervention level, service provider level and self evaluation so that
each aspect can be cleared in the context of occupational therapist work with CMOP-E. The
functions of the model facilitate the function and the roles of the occupational therapist within a
specific team. It facilitates to extend the interest for not only performing occupations but also
having them. It improves the scope of the practices and the profession.