Statistical Analysis of CO2 Emissions and Inflation Rate

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Statistics
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Question 1...................................................................................................................................................4
Comparison of amount of co2 by using graphical technique...................................................................4
Comment on the observations..................................................................................................................7
Question 2...................................................................................................................................................9
Construction of frequency distribution and relative frequency distribution for the given data................9
Construction of Cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency for this data..........................9
Relative frequency Histogram for the given data...................................................................................10
Construction of Ogive for the data.........................................................................................................10
Graphical descriptive measure Describing 2 Variables..........................................................................11
Question 3.................................................................................................................................................13
Numeric Summery report of variable data.............................................................................................14
Working of liner regression model........................................................................................................15
Value of standard error of Estimate.......................................................................................................17
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................18
References.................................................................................................................................................19
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Introduction
The main focus of this report is to highlight the importance of Statistical Techniques that helps to
solve business problems. Concern techniques help to analysis reasons for business problems by
using statistical tools and techniques. For better understanding, this report is divided into three
parts. In the first part of this report various graphical techniques have to use to compare the
amount production of co2 for the year 2009 and 2013.Second part shows amount of time taken
by workers to complete weld of car in assembly plant. This Part also covers the construction of
frequency distribution from the data given. Data is also explained by using Frequency
distribution and Ogive. The third part of this report covers issues like a decrease in the
purchasing power of the dollar. Variables have to be explained in the part with the help of
appropriate measures. The relationship between the inflation rate and ordinaries index has to be
discussed in this report. Coefficient of correlation has to be calculated between these two rates.
An analysis of the model of linear regression has been covered in this report.
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Question 1
Planet is getting affected by burning of fuels that produces co2 In the environment. A table is
attached which shows the list of top 15 producers of co2 in the country. This table shows data of
15 Producers of co2.
Comparison of amount of co2 by using graphical technique
Top 15 CO Producers
Country 2009 2013 Change from 2009 to
2013
Net
Effect(Increase/Decrease)
United States 5957 5300 -657 Decrease
China 5323 10330 5007 Increase
Russia 1696 1800 104 Increase
Japan 1230 1360 130 Increase
India 1166 2070 904 Increase
Germany 844 840 -4 Decrease
Canada 631 550 -81 Decrease
United Kingdom 577 480 -97 Decrease
South Korea 500 630 130 Increase
Italy 467 390 -77 Decrease
Iran 451 410 -41 Decrease
South Africa 424 330 -94 Decrease
France 415 370 -45 Decrease
Saudi Arabia 412 490 78 Increase
Australia 407 390 -17 Decrease
Total 20500 25740
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The above table shows the amount of CO2 which is used by 15 countries in the world. A
comparison is done from the year 2009 to 2013 in these 15 countries. While analysing it was
found that from these 15 countries 5 Countries have shown an increase in production of fossil
fuels from the year 2009 to 2013 and 10 countries have shown a decrease in production of fuels
from 2009 to 2013. From these 15 countries United States and India have shown a major
increase in production of co2.
Following Graph shows amount of Co2 emission in 2009 and 2013 of 15 Countries
United States
China
Russia
Japan
India
Germany
Canada
United Kingdom
South Korea
Italy
Iran
South Africa
France
Saudi Arabia
Australia
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2009 (in millios matratic ton) 2013( In million metric ton)
5

Top 15 CO2
Producers
Country 200
9
201
3
2009
( in %)
2013( i
n %)
Increase/Decrease
from 2009-2013
Net Percentage
change
United States 595
7
530
0 29.06% 20.59% -657 -8.47%
China 532
3
103
30 25.96% 40.13% 5007.3 14.17%
Russia 169
6
180
0 8.27% 6.99% 104 -1.28%
Japan 123
0
136
0 6.00% 5.28% 129.6 -0.72%
India 116
6
207
0 5.69% 8.04% 904.3 2.36%
Germany 844 840 4.12% 3.26% -4.2 -0.85%
Canada 631 550 3.08% 2.14% -81.3 -0.94%
United
Kingdom
577 480
2.82% 1.86% -97.2 -0.95%
South Korea 500 630 2.44% 2.45% 130.4 0.01%
Italy 467 390 2.28% 1.52% -76.6 -0.76%
Iran 451 410 2.20% 1.59% -40.7 -0.61%
South Africa 424 330 2.07% 1.28% -93.8 -0.79%
France 415 370 2.03% 1.44% -45.3 -0.59%
Saudi Arabia 412 490 2.01% 1.90% 77.6 -0.11%
Australia 407 390 1.98% 1.52% -16.6 -0.47%
Total 205
00
257
40
The above table shows the percentage value of the amount of Co2 emissions. In the first part,
data is shown in figures while in the second part data is shown in percentage. Analysis shows
that the United States and China were the major producers of co2 in the years 2009 and 2013. In
the year 2009 Share of US Was 29.06% and share of china is 25.96%.china has shown increase
in the year 2013 as compared to 2009 while share of Uk has decreased from 2009 as compared to
2013.
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Following graph shows the share of Co2 producers countries
China
Russia
Japan
India
Germany
Canada
United Kingdom
South Korea
Italy
Iran
South Africa
France
Saudi Arabia
Australia
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
2009 ( in %)
2013( in %)
Comment on the observations
In the first part of this question, an analysis is done on 15 top co2 producer countries of the
world. Analysis is done with the help of and graphical technique. Form these 15 countries 10
countries have shown a decrease in the production of co2 while 5 countries have shown an
increase in the production of Co2. Total production of co2 in the year 2009 was 20,500 million
metric ton and in the year 2013, it has reached to 25740 million tons. In simple words Production
of CO2 has increased from the year 2009 to 2013. China, Russia, Japan, India, and South Korea
have shown an Increase in Production of Co2 from the year 2009 to 2013. On the other hand, the
US, UK, Italy, France, Germany, Canada south Africa, and Australia have shown a decrease in
the production of Co2 from the year 2009 to 2015. For Example, the US has shown a decrease of
657 million metric tons from 2009 to 2013. In the year 2009, the US was producing a 5,957
million metric ton and it has decreased to 5,300 in the year 2013. Germany has shown a minor
decrease in the production of Co2 from the year 2009 to 2013.
In the second part production of Co2 emission by these 15 companies has been shown in
percentage. From these 15 countries, the US and China were the major producers of Co2 in the
year 2009. Approximately 55.02 % co2 was produced by only these two countries. This trend
remains the same in the year 2013. China has shown an increase in Production of Co2 by 14.17
% in the year 2013 as compared to the year 2009. While the US has shown a decrease in
production of Co2 from the year 2009 to 2013. In the year 2009 share of US was 29.06 % which
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has decreased to 20.59 % in the year 2013. If we take the example of India, India was producing
1166 million metric tons in the year 2009 which is 8.04% of the total production. Production of
co2 has increased in 2013 as compared to 2013.In the year 2013 production of Co2 has increased
to 2,070 million metric ton. In the year 2009 share of India in the production of CO2 was 5.69%
which has increased to 8.04% in the year 2013.
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Question 2
Construction of frequency distribution and relative frequency distribution for the given
data
Classe
s Frequency
Relative
frequency
35-44 3 0.075
45-54 4 0.1
55-64 8 0.2
65-74 18 0.45
75-84 4 0.1
85-94 3 0.075
Total 40 1
Construction of Cumulative frequency and cumulative relative frequency for this data
Classe
s
Frequenc
y
Relative
frequency
Cumulative
frequency
cumulative relative
frequency
35-44 3 0.075 3 0.075
45-54 4 0.1 7 0.175
55-64 8 0.2 15 0.375
65-74 18 0.45 33 0.825
75-84 4 0.1 37 0.925
85-94 3 0.075 40 1
Total 40 1 135 3.375
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Relative frequency Histogram for the given data
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
75-84
85-94
Total
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Relative frequency
Relative frequency
Construction of Ogive for the data
35-
44 45-
54 55-
64 65-
74 75-
84 85-
94 Total
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
cumulative realtive
frequency
Cumulative frequency
Relative frequency
Frequency
As per the above table 37.5% Proportion of data is less than 65.which means 37.5 % of
employees are taking less than 65 seconds in completing their task. And 25% employees are
taking more than 75 seconds to complete the task.
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Rate of inflation
The inflation rate refers to an increase in the prices of goods and services in the market. Inflation
increases by CPI.CPI is the weighted average of prices of different types of goods. Inflation can
also be defined as a percentage at which the currency of a country is devalued. In simple words
decrease in currency leads to the situation of inflation.
All Ordinaries index
All ordinaries index is the market-weighted of more than 500 companies. This index covers
common shares from the Australian stock exchange. This index is also known as ’All words.
’This Index is the oldest index of shares of Australia.
Graphical descriptive measure Describing 2 Variables
Mean 2.69
Standard Error 0.26
Median 2.5
Mode 2.4
Standard
Deviation 1.19
Sample Variance 1.42
Kurtosis 2.04
Skewness 0.80
Range 5.6
Minimum 0.3
Maximum 5.9
Sum 56.5
Count 21
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Relationship between Inflation rate and ordinaries index
Data of ordinaries index and rate of inflation
Year Rate of
inflation
(%) (x)
All-
Ordinaries
index(Y)
1995 1.9 2000.8
1996 4.6 2231.7
1997 2.6 2662.7
1998 0.3 2608.2
1999 1.3 2963.0
2000 2.4 3115.9
2001 5.9 3352.4
2002 2.9 3241.5
2003 3.0 3032.0
2004 2.4 3499.8
2005 2.4 4197.5
2006 2.9 4933.5
2007 2.5 6337.6
2008 4.3 5513.5
2009 2.4 4127.6
2010 2.9 4632.8
2011 3.3 4553.9
2012 1.6 4385.2
2013 2.5 5110.5
2014 2.9 5423.9
2015 1.5 5713.4
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