Environmental Report: Human Population Influence on Coastal Systems

This report examines the significant influences of rising human populations and settlements on coastal and drainage systems, highlighting the multifaceted impacts of coastal degradation worldwide. It delves into the drivers of change, including economic factors, climate change-induced sea-level rise, and the effects of various forms of pollution. The analysis covers climate change impacts such as accelerated sea-level rise, temperature variations, and changes in precipitation patterns. Furthermore, the report investigates the effects of anthropogenic pollution, including water, soil, and noise pollution, along with climate feedbacks like cloud formation and precipitation. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches and stakeholder collaboration in addressing the challenges of coastal degradation and promoting sustainable management of coastal resources.

Influences of rising human population and settlements on coastal systems or drainage
systems

Introduction
Coastal degradation is broadly reported at the coastline in all over the world. The monitored
deprivation can be accredited to the magnification of a broad series of the drivers of seaside
changes such as, economy and the global population. The rising sea level due to the climate
change has an adverse impact on coastal degradation. Hence, it is very difficult to observe the
other major drivers of coastal changes. The best examples of the temperature variations can
be observed in terms of impacts on polar coasts and coral reefs (Nicholls, Woodroffe &
Burkett, 2016).
Global change will impact the coastal system by several ways, as climate change will show
its impact on various parameters such as, accelerated sea-level rise, high temperature,
variation in freshwater discharge, very intense precipitation droughts and events, frequency
variation and tropical storm intensity in form of winter storms etc. The higher temperature
will shift the tropical temperate interface on the basis of higher latitudes. By 2100, sea level
will upsurge up to 1.5 m. Generally it can be predicted that the precipitation will be higher
nearby the equator and it will be low at the external tropics or the lower temperate region.
Fresh water release will enhance to specific seaside regions and it decreases for others, which
will impact the foods, flora and the seaside productivity. Climate change will interrelate with
the various worldwide changes parameters for example, population pressure, and ecological
deprivation and energy prices to aggravate weather influences (Day & Rybczyk, 2019).
Anthropogenic Pollution:
It is also known as the human- made pollution because this pollution is caused due to the
human activities such as, deforestation, burning fossil fuels, mining, deforestation, sewage,
industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides etc. (McLeod, 2018).
Analysis
Due to the climate change, forecasts for storm surge measures is observed with a 25, 50, 100
year of return period. These projections are projected for the Caribbean which shows the
different height ranges as 0.6 m for Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, 1.4 m for Beize city.
Higher values are obtained for the coastal morphology as a major contribution element.
Climate change is assumed to enhance the regularity of these return periods with NOAA
predictions. These NOAA projections are presenting an enhancement in the number of
estimated high energy categories hurricanes.

However, the impacts of storm flows are not detached out from the entire injury occurred due
to the hurricanes actions and economic influences are important. The figures shown below
elaborate about the mapping of sea level trends and damages due to metrological events
(Cashman & Nagdee, 2017).
Figure.1 Mapping of the sea level trends on the basis of mean reconstruction (Cashman
& Nagdee, 2017)
Figure.2 Meteorological events Damages calculation in Jamaica by sector (Cashman &
Nagdee, 2017)

Several rural areas are definitely susceptible to sea level rise due to their isolation,
inaccessibility from the central planning organizations and deficiency. An interdisciplinary
methodology is essential for the better planning of imminent sea level variations in these
areas (Bhattachan et al., 2018)
Impacts of anthropogenic pollution:
There are a lot of impacts due to anthropogenic pollution in the human lives, which are
shown below:
 Water pollution and their impact on environment:
Water pollution includes the impurities of water due to chemical and other waste
substances for example, pesticides, fertilizers, sewage, agriculture runoff and industrial
wastes etc. these are the dangerous materials which are harmful for plant, animal and
human life. These kinds of pollutants enter in the water bodies such as, lakes, ponds and
rivers etc. and make the water polluted.
 Soil pollution and their impact on environment:
The pathogenic organisms include the pathogens exerted by animals and humans
normally live in the people and animal’s intestines. These pathogens provide the major
contribution in soil pollution and it can be mostly relevant with the sources of water,
human and food- borne diseases.
 Electromagnetic radiation and its impact on the environment (Radioactive
wastes):
As the concentration of electromagnetic atmosphere continues to enhance, the issues
about its impacts from various sources such as, producing electromagnetic interference
(EMI) is also up surging. Technology advancement and the availability of electronics
product quantity are having a major impact on the efforts which are aimed to maintaining
the essential operation for our society. (Arihilam, & Arihilam, 2019)
 Noise Pollution and its impact on the environment:
Noise pollution can impact the human body in several ways negatively. Due to noise
pollution, human body can suffered with blood pressure, heart attacks, impaired cognitive
functions etc. Noise pollution is largely produced by man and his activities by using
various applicable gadgets such as, automobile, motorcycles, loudspeakers, aircraft etc.
There are a lot of ways, which are applicable for reducing the anthropogenic pollution such
as, Recycling, waste exchange and Afforestation etc. (Arihilam, & Arihilam, 2019)

Climate feedbacks:
The climate feedbacks can be defined as the process which can either enhance or diminish
the influences of climate forcing. If this feedback enhances the initial warming, then it is
known as the “positive feedback”. If this feedback diminishes the initial warming, then it
is known as “Negative feedback”. There are some parameters, which elaborate about the
climate feedbacks are shown below ("The Study of Earth as an Integrated System",
2019).
 Clouds:
Clouds have numerous impacts on earth’s climate. It reflects approximate 1/3rd part of the
whole sunlight which hits the earth’s environment back into the space. A warm weather
could cause more water to be held into the environment, which leads to an enhance in
cloudiness.
 Precipitations:
Worldwide climate models present that precipitation will generally enhance due to the
enhanced amount of water which held in warm weather.
 Forest Greenery:
Natural process, for example, trees growth eliminate about ½ of the CO2 from the
environment per year.

Conclusion
It is concluded with a conversation on the opposing climate change hazard insights amongst
the shareholders as well as inferences for decision-making. Sea level rise will endure to
portend the working of this socio-economical system of countryside societies. A socio-
ecological system agenda offers a lens by which the sea level influences can be calculated for
countryside societies. The agenda elaborated above shows the important interdisciplinary
investigation and it highpoints the necessity of related learning amongst the shareholders in
other coastal countryside areas.

References
Arihilam, N. & Arihilam, E. (2019). Impact and control of anthropogenic pollution on the
ecosystem – A review. Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery, 4(3), 54-
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Bhattachan, A., Jurjonas, M. D., Moody, A. C., Morris, P. R., Sanchez, G. M., Smart, L.
S., ... & Seekamp, E. L. (2018). Sea level rise impacts on rural coastal social-
ecological systems and the implications for decision making. Environmental Science
& Policy, 90, 122-134.
Cashman, A., & Nagdee, M. R. (2017). Impacts of climate change on settlements and
infrastructure in the coastal and marine environments of Caribbean small island
developing states (SIDS). Science Review, 2017, 155-173.
Day, J. W., & Rybczyk, J. M. (2019). Global Change Impacts on the Future of Coastal
Systems: Perverse Interactions Among Climate Change, Ecosystem Degradation,
Energy Scarcity, and Population. In Coasts and Estuaries (pp. 621-639). Elsevier.
McLeod, D. J. (2018). Nutrient Loading in River Water and Associated Anthropogenic
Impacts on Riparian Ecosystem Functioning.
Nicholls, R. J., Woodroffe, C., & Burkett, V. (2016). Coastline degradation as an indicator of
global change. In Climate Change (pp. 309-324). Elsevier.
The Study of Earth as an Integrated System. (2019, December 12). Retrieved March 28,
2020, from https://climate.nasa.gov/nasa_science/science/