COIT-20275 Assignment 1: Yaxham Light Railway Conceptual Design
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COIT-20275
Assignment 1
System conceptual design phase
Assignment 1
System conceptual design phase
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Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................3
Stakeholders needs and requirements............................................................................................................4
Conceptual design process.............................................................................................................................6
Business needs and requirements...............................................................................................................6
System requirements....................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................13
References....................................................................................................................................................14
List of figures
Figure 1: Yaxham Light Railway..................................................................................................................7
Figure 2: Arial view of Yaxham Light Railway............................................................................................8
Figure 3: Conceptual design process...........................................................................................................10
Figure 4: Transit wheel gauge......................................................................................................................12
Figure 5: Ballast track installation...............................................................................................................13
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................3
Stakeholders needs and requirements............................................................................................................4
Conceptual design process.............................................................................................................................6
Business needs and requirements...............................................................................................................6
System requirements....................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................13
References....................................................................................................................................................14
List of figures
Figure 1: Yaxham Light Railway..................................................................................................................7
Figure 2: Arial view of Yaxham Light Railway............................................................................................8
Figure 3: Conceptual design process...........................................................................................................10
Figure 4: Transit wheel gauge......................................................................................................................12
Figure 5: Ballast track installation...............................................................................................................13

Introduction
This report briefly explains the conceptual design of Yaxham light railway which is situated in the village
of Yaxham. This village belongs to an English country of Norfolk. The original gauge of this railway is
610mm i.e. 2 ft. It has been operated by the Yaxham light railway department. The light railways are less
costly in comparison to heavy railways. This was first opened by Mr. D. C. potter in 1967 in his former
goods yard. In 1969, he got the permission to take his railway across the standard gauge line to Yaxham
park light railway. So, after that, it ran beyond station for over half a mile. In current days, the running
line of this light railway is 360 yd i.e. around 329 m long. There are mainly 2 stations of this railway.
There are different locomotives of this railway i.e. narrow-gauge steam locomotive, narrow-gauge diesel
locomotives.
This report briefly explains the conceptual design of Yaxham light railway which is situated in the village
of Yaxham. This village belongs to an English country of Norfolk. The original gauge of this railway is
610mm i.e. 2 ft. It has been operated by the Yaxham light railway department. The light railways are less
costly in comparison to heavy railways. This was first opened by Mr. D. C. potter in 1967 in his former
goods yard. In 1969, he got the permission to take his railway across the standard gauge line to Yaxham
park light railway. So, after that, it ran beyond station for over half a mile. In current days, the running
line of this light railway is 360 yd i.e. around 329 m long. There are mainly 2 stations of this railway.
There are different locomotives of this railway i.e. narrow-gauge steam locomotive, narrow-gauge diesel
locomotives.
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Stakeholders needs and requirements
Stakeholders are the people getting affected by any of the decisions made during the manufacturing of
Yaxham light railway.
So, the needs of stakeholders for the manufacturing of this light railway is two steam locomotives and 10
diesel locomotives.
There are some of the basic needs mentioned below for the manufacturing of light railway:
Station working groups: These groups are used for local transporting requirements along with the
planned responsibilities. Further, this is helpful in the identification and assessment of working units at
the station for the railways and also to make a contract with those station partners where the train will go.
Identification of project stakeholders’ groups: The members who are getting affected by the decision
of organization are identified during this stage. So, finally, the potential of affection is being checked
during this part (Paneiro, Durão, e Silva, and Neves, 2018).
Engagement of stakeholder: The engagement of stakeholders on a social and environmental issue is
being checked so that the potential effects of stakeholders on constructing is being evaluated.
Grievance mechanism: The process by which people can raise their concerns regarding the railway is
called grievance process. So, it must be maintained by the railway department so that all the queries can
be handled in a consistent manner.
Consultation: This process is based on the disclosure of information which is relevant to the operations
that are being performed during the construction of the light railway.
Identification of stakeholders
The communication process of various stakeholders is defined under the stakeholder identification phase.
Hence, affection can directly be shown by using social groups of people. Further, the mailing list in which
all the information of stakeholders list present is being identified and implemented (Dutra, et al., 2018).
The stakeholders who may directly be affected by the decision or actions taken by railway are:
Landowners: The major communication method used by the landowners is the meeting of public
consultancies. Further, they can raise their concern to consultative meeting as well they can also
Stakeholders are the people getting affected by any of the decisions made during the manufacturing of
Yaxham light railway.
So, the needs of stakeholders for the manufacturing of this light railway is two steam locomotives and 10
diesel locomotives.
There are some of the basic needs mentioned below for the manufacturing of light railway:
Station working groups: These groups are used for local transporting requirements along with the
planned responsibilities. Further, this is helpful in the identification and assessment of working units at
the station for the railways and also to make a contract with those station partners where the train will go.
Identification of project stakeholders’ groups: The members who are getting affected by the decision
of organization are identified during this stage. So, finally, the potential of affection is being checked
during this part (Paneiro, Durão, e Silva, and Neves, 2018).
Engagement of stakeholder: The engagement of stakeholders on a social and environmental issue is
being checked so that the potential effects of stakeholders on constructing is being evaluated.
Grievance mechanism: The process by which people can raise their concerns regarding the railway is
called grievance process. So, it must be maintained by the railway department so that all the queries can
be handled in a consistent manner.
Consultation: This process is based on the disclosure of information which is relevant to the operations
that are being performed during the construction of the light railway.
Identification of stakeholders
The communication process of various stakeholders is defined under the stakeholder identification phase.
Hence, affection can directly be shown by using social groups of people. Further, the mailing list in which
all the information of stakeholders list present is being identified and implemented (Dutra, et al., 2018).
The stakeholders who may directly be affected by the decision or actions taken by railway are:
Landowners: The major communication method used by the landowners is the meeting of public
consultancies. Further, they can raise their concern to consultative meeting as well they can also
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go through the project leaflets. So, these stakeholders are directly affected by the decisions taken
by the railways.
Regional and local businesses: These business handlers can also put their voice with the help of
consultation meetings. These stakeholders are the one whose businesses situated near the tracks
of light railways. So, they can exchange their information by submitting the documents.
Users of public transport: The public transport has only the permission to raise a query by the
help of notice boards and leaflets which are used to display the information. Also, the
communication tool required to use for the public transports is public release papers (Martin,
2018).
Railway workers: Further, the railway workers are the stakeholders who cannot raise any
communication by any means. Because, they are working in the same railway and hence, if they
have any query then they can directly have a word with their managers (Mao, Cui, Hu, and Ren,
2018).
The stakeholders who participate in the implementation of light railways are:
Investor: Investors are a major part pf stakeholder as they invest in the project and that is one of
the most required things in the implementation of projects. These investors can use document
submission as their communication tool which is related to the correspondence of the project.
Construction companies: There are many construction companies which are participating in the
implementation of light railways. They can also act like a stakeholder who can make
communication with consultation meetings as well as the websites. So, this is how construction
companies can participate in the implementation of the project.
Rail line users: The users work on the light railway line are also participating in the
implementation of light railways. They can build up a communication with the use of notice
board, project leaflets, etc. As, the users of the rail line helps to show their involvement through
the implementation of the project (Kouroussis, Vogiatzis, and Connolly, 2018).
Employees of construction companies: The employees of construction companies follow the
orders of their contractors for the engagement as a stakeholder in the implementation of light
railways. These employees can use the method and tool for communication as public consultant
meetings. Further, with the help of websites, they can also raise a concern.
These are some of the needs and requirements of stakeholders in the form of direct affection and
participation in implementing the light railways. The stakeholders who are participating in the
implementation of light railways are aforementioned i.e. investor, rail line users, employees, etc. (Alfieri,
by the railways.
Regional and local businesses: These business handlers can also put their voice with the help of
consultation meetings. These stakeholders are the one whose businesses situated near the tracks
of light railways. So, they can exchange their information by submitting the documents.
Users of public transport: The public transport has only the permission to raise a query by the
help of notice boards and leaflets which are used to display the information. Also, the
communication tool required to use for the public transports is public release papers (Martin,
2018).
Railway workers: Further, the railway workers are the stakeholders who cannot raise any
communication by any means. Because, they are working in the same railway and hence, if they
have any query then they can directly have a word with their managers (Mao, Cui, Hu, and Ren,
2018).
The stakeholders who participate in the implementation of light railways are:
Investor: Investors are a major part pf stakeholder as they invest in the project and that is one of
the most required things in the implementation of projects. These investors can use document
submission as their communication tool which is related to the correspondence of the project.
Construction companies: There are many construction companies which are participating in the
implementation of light railways. They can also act like a stakeholder who can make
communication with consultation meetings as well as the websites. So, this is how construction
companies can participate in the implementation of the project.
Rail line users: The users work on the light railway line are also participating in the
implementation of light railways. They can build up a communication with the use of notice
board, project leaflets, etc. As, the users of the rail line helps to show their involvement through
the implementation of the project (Kouroussis, Vogiatzis, and Connolly, 2018).
Employees of construction companies: The employees of construction companies follow the
orders of their contractors for the engagement as a stakeholder in the implementation of light
railways. These employees can use the method and tool for communication as public consultant
meetings. Further, with the help of websites, they can also raise a concern.
These are some of the needs and requirements of stakeholders in the form of direct affection and
participation in implementing the light railways. The stakeholders who are participating in the
implementation of light railways are aforementioned i.e. investor, rail line users, employees, etc. (Alfieri,

Battistelli, Pagano, 2019). So, the stakeholders who are engaging in the construction either directly or
using implementation can generate or raise any query by different tools and methods i.e. leaflets, public
consultations, websites, public release, etc.
Conceptual design process
Business needs and requirements
This Yaxham Light Railway is known as narrow gauge light railway that is located on the Mid-Norfolk
Railway. Its original gauge is of 2 ft. (610 mm) that has 2 stations. It includes a length of 360 yds. (329
m). Yaxham Light Railway opened in 1967 by Mr. D.C. Potter in the former goods yard. There were
designed various strategies and plans for the implementation of effective goods and product. This
implementation will lead to the building damage’s prevention in the areas of the north shore. Thus,
stakeholders have many materials, solutions, and methods for the effective structure (Goncalves, and
Lawes, 2018).
Figure 1: Yaxham Light Railway
Source: (wikivisually, 2019)
The length of the main running line is of 360 yds. that is 329 m. and it is operated by the industrial
railway tools collection that is achieved from the years from the various locations. Vintage diesel
locomotives are used for hauled the passenger train. In this, Mid-Norfolk railway has the length of 15-
mile (24 km) that is conserved by the standard gauge heritage (Reatti, Corti, and Pugi, 2018).
using implementation can generate or raise any query by different tools and methods i.e. leaflets, public
consultations, websites, public release, etc.
Conceptual design process
Business needs and requirements
This Yaxham Light Railway is known as narrow gauge light railway that is located on the Mid-Norfolk
Railway. Its original gauge is of 2 ft. (610 mm) that has 2 stations. It includes a length of 360 yds. (329
m). Yaxham Light Railway opened in 1967 by Mr. D.C. Potter in the former goods yard. There were
designed various strategies and plans for the implementation of effective goods and product. This
implementation will lead to the building damage’s prevention in the areas of the north shore. Thus,
stakeholders have many materials, solutions, and methods for the effective structure (Goncalves, and
Lawes, 2018).
Figure 1: Yaxham Light Railway
Source: (wikivisually, 2019)
The length of the main running line is of 360 yds. that is 329 m. and it is operated by the industrial
railway tools collection that is achieved from the years from the various locations. Vintage diesel
locomotives are used for hauled the passenger train. In this, Mid-Norfolk railway has the length of 15-
mile (24 km) that is conserved by the standard gauge heritage (Reatti, Corti, and Pugi, 2018).
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The assessment of tenders
All the tenders approved in just a few weeks for completion of Yaxham Light Railway. Some documents
were useful in outlining the various engineering criteria and work for approving the tenders. All these are
dependent on the Yaxham Light Railway and 7-8 tenders were approved for the Yaxham Light Railway
construction because of various materials and tender’s involvement.
Figure 2: Arial view of Yaxham Light Railway
Source: (irsociety, 2017)
This figure presents the aerial view of the Yaxham light railway from a different angle for taking different
pictures. That will give a descriptive view of Yaxham light railways from the aerial side of view
(Dessouky, Valladares, Valladares, Patel, and Tsao, 2018).
Table 1: Designing processes (Used materials)
Aspects Materials and names
Operated by Yaxham Light Railway
Stations 2
All the tenders approved in just a few weeks for completion of Yaxham Light Railway. Some documents
were useful in outlining the various engineering criteria and work for approving the tenders. All these are
dependent on the Yaxham Light Railway and 7-8 tenders were approved for the Yaxham Light Railway
construction because of various materials and tender’s involvement.
Figure 2: Arial view of Yaxham Light Railway
Source: (irsociety, 2017)
This figure presents the aerial view of the Yaxham light railway from a different angle for taking different
pictures. That will give a descriptive view of Yaxham light railways from the aerial side of view
(Dessouky, Valladares, Valladares, Patel, and Tsao, 2018).
Table 1: Designing processes (Used materials)
Aspects Materials and names
Operated by Yaxham Light Railway
Stations 2
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Length 360 yd (329 m)
Preserved gauge 2 ft. (610 mm)
Used materials The material is of high tensile steel and it is very
hard.
Constructed for Hunslet 0-4-0ST, "Cackler" ( In 1967)
This above-mentioned table consists of the aspects and their materials that are essential for manufacturing
and designing process of the Yaxham Light Railway. It also includes the length, width, top arch, and
spans, etc. These are used for executing the procedure of conceptual design of the bridge. This table is
essential for providing the details regarding the material type that is used for the bridge construction. The
used steel in the creation is of high tensile strength and hardness. Construction damage of north shore can
be eliminated through the effective system and designing methods along with parameters ( Kang, Chae,
Kwak, and Yang, 2018). This bridge design was approved by the country authorities because of the
changing laws and government but then it was unapproved by the parliament. After that, it was started
with the other tender.
Conceptual design process
Figure 3: Conceptual design process
Source: (Author, 2018)
Input
-length and width
- Tender needs
-southa and north span
System
-acceptance of tender
-impelmentation of
width and length
-identify the process
Output
- project completion
-evalaution of width,
length and height.
-increment in the
packages of tourism
-processes of lookout.
Preserved gauge 2 ft. (610 mm)
Used materials The material is of high tensile steel and it is very
hard.
Constructed for Hunslet 0-4-0ST, "Cackler" ( In 1967)
This above-mentioned table consists of the aspects and their materials that are essential for manufacturing
and designing process of the Yaxham Light Railway. It also includes the length, width, top arch, and
spans, etc. These are used for executing the procedure of conceptual design of the bridge. This table is
essential for providing the details regarding the material type that is used for the bridge construction. The
used steel in the creation is of high tensile strength and hardness. Construction damage of north shore can
be eliminated through the effective system and designing methods along with parameters ( Kang, Chae,
Kwak, and Yang, 2018). This bridge design was approved by the country authorities because of the
changing laws and government but then it was unapproved by the parliament. After that, it was started
with the other tender.
Conceptual design process
Figure 3: Conceptual design process
Source: (Author, 2018)
Input
-length and width
- Tender needs
-southa and north span
System
-acceptance of tender
-impelmentation of
width and length
-identify the process
Output
- project completion
-evalaution of width,
length and height.
-increment in the
packages of tourism
-processes of lookout.

This above-defined procedure presents the conceptual design process steps for the Yaxham Light Railway
that includes the input, output and the system for its completion. It is also useful in defining the needs that
are implemented in the bridge construction. This also describes the essential factors in accomplishing the
project with the proper steps and methods. Further, the business needs are explained in the form of input,
system, and output in which the length and width of railway tracks are measured and assessed so that
further it can be sent to the system requirements where tenders are passed for the implementation of light
railways so that the project can be completed. Furthermore, it helps in the increment of tourism packages
by process lookout.
So, this is how the conceptual designing has been used to assess the business needs and requirements
along with the tender assessment.
that includes the input, output and the system for its completion. It is also useful in defining the needs that
are implemented in the bridge construction. This also describes the essential factors in accomplishing the
project with the proper steps and methods. Further, the business needs are explained in the form of input,
system, and output in which the length and width of railway tracks are measured and assessed so that
further it can be sent to the system requirements where tenders are passed for the implementation of light
railways so that the project can be completed. Furthermore, it helps in the increment of tourism packages
by process lookout.
So, this is how the conceptual designing has been used to assess the business needs and requirements
along with the tender assessment.
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System requirements
The system requirement for light railway building includes wheel gauges of length 1435 mm or 56.5
inches and 1428 mm or 56.25 inches. The length of the original gauge is 610 mm (2 ft.). For the railway
project, the station complexes also have to be considered, that includes various different requirements
related to the building construction and the safety requirement related to fire safety, etc. The commercial
development should be independent of the safety requirements. The security aspects include security
planning, system security program, and long-range security technology and security personnel
management. The steam and diesel locomotives have been used in the Yaxham light railways ( Houston,
et al., 2018). There are different aspects that are considered for the light railway plan such as protection at
the station entrance, access to the pedestrians. The system requirements such as wheel gauge and line
gauge requirements have been fulfilled at the time of construction of the Yaxham railways.
Materials required for the light railway are:
Wheel gauge: The wheels used for the light railways are different from major railway projects as they
are not for heavy burden. Thus, the wheel gauge length should be in between 56.5 inches and 56.25
inches. For diesel locomotives, the diameter of the wheel can be over one meter. For contemporary
rail vehicles diameter of the wheels should be 711 mm (Shin, Kim, and Jun, 2018).
The system requirement for light railway building includes wheel gauges of length 1435 mm or 56.5
inches and 1428 mm or 56.25 inches. The length of the original gauge is 610 mm (2 ft.). For the railway
project, the station complexes also have to be considered, that includes various different requirements
related to the building construction and the safety requirement related to fire safety, etc. The commercial
development should be independent of the safety requirements. The security aspects include security
planning, system security program, and long-range security technology and security personnel
management. The steam and diesel locomotives have been used in the Yaxham light railways ( Houston,
et al., 2018). There are different aspects that are considered for the light railway plan such as protection at
the station entrance, access to the pedestrians. The system requirements such as wheel gauge and line
gauge requirements have been fulfilled at the time of construction of the Yaxham railways.
Materials required for the light railway are:
Wheel gauge: The wheels used for the light railways are different from major railway projects as they
are not for heavy burden. Thus, the wheel gauge length should be in between 56.5 inches and 56.25
inches. For diesel locomotives, the diameter of the wheel can be over one meter. For contemporary
rail vehicles diameter of the wheels should be 711 mm (Shin, Kim, and Jun, 2018).
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Figure 4: Transit wheel gauge
Source: (Track structure design, 2018)
Track gauge system: The standard track gauge has the length of 1435 mm (56.5 inches), for narrow
gauge system the length needs to be 1000 mm or 39.33 inches. The broad-gauge system has different
requirements in different places. It ranges from 1496 mm or 58.8 inches to 1581 mm or 62.25 inches
and in some other places it is 1588 mm or 62.5 inches (Pugi, Reatti, and Corti, 2018).
Truck Axle wheel positioning: For vehicle truck length of transit wheel gauge is 1828 mm with axle
spacing of 25 m and the wheel diameter needs to be 711 mm. Different aspects of wheel gauges are
for transit 1428 mm and AAR 1415 mm. The axle spacing needs to be 1818 mm to 2300 mm. The
radius of curvature should be in between 25 m to 228 m.
Track: The railway tracks are subjected to very heavy load thus the material used should be able to
bear that much load and for that steel, alloys are used; the hot rolled steel is used for the track
building.
Ballasted track: The maximum rail deflection is computed using track structure for track modulus.
For sub-ballast depth needs to be 1500 to 2500 psi and for heavy ballast, it should be 2500 to 2500 psi
(Albak, Solmaz, Kaya, and Öztürk, 2019).
Source: (Track structure design, 2018)
Track gauge system: The standard track gauge has the length of 1435 mm (56.5 inches), for narrow
gauge system the length needs to be 1000 mm or 39.33 inches. The broad-gauge system has different
requirements in different places. It ranges from 1496 mm or 58.8 inches to 1581 mm or 62.25 inches
and in some other places it is 1588 mm or 62.5 inches (Pugi, Reatti, and Corti, 2018).
Truck Axle wheel positioning: For vehicle truck length of transit wheel gauge is 1828 mm with axle
spacing of 25 m and the wheel diameter needs to be 711 mm. Different aspects of wheel gauges are
for transit 1428 mm and AAR 1415 mm. The axle spacing needs to be 1818 mm to 2300 mm. The
radius of curvature should be in between 25 m to 228 m.
Track: The railway tracks are subjected to very heavy load thus the material used should be able to
bear that much load and for that steel, alloys are used; the hot rolled steel is used for the track
building.
Ballasted track: The maximum rail deflection is computed using track structure for track modulus.
For sub-ballast depth needs to be 1500 to 2500 psi and for heavy ballast, it should be 2500 to 2500 psi
(Albak, Solmaz, Kaya, and Öztürk, 2019).

Figure 5: Ballast track installation
Source: (Track structure design, 2018)
Along with different iron and steel materials used for the construction of the light railways the
specification for the spacing and wheels needs to be considered. The line gauge and wheel gauge have to
be specifically built to reduce any chance of an accident (Jernigan, Alsweiss, Cathcart, and Razdan,
2018).
Source: (Track structure design, 2018)
Along with different iron and steel materials used for the construction of the light railways the
specification for the spacing and wheels needs to be considered. The line gauge and wheel gauge have to
be specifically built to reduce any chance of an accident (Jernigan, Alsweiss, Cathcart, and Razdan,
2018).
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