COIT11226: System Analysis and Design Report - Harmony Hospital

This report details a system analysis and design project for Harmony Hospital Pharmacy. It begins with an investigation of the implemented information system, examining techniques such as questionnaire surveys, interview surveys, and system documentation review to assess performance and identify issues. The report justifies the selected investigation techniques based on their ability to gather qualitative, quantitative, and technical data efficiently. Furthermore, the assignment employs an object-oriented approach, presenting use case, class, activity, and sequence diagrams to illustrate the system's structure, relationships, and processes. These diagrams depict actors, activities, and interactions within the hospital's pharmacy system. The conclusion emphasizes the effectiveness of the investigation techniques and the clarity provided by the diagrams in representing the information system's components and operations. All the diagrams are created by the author.

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System Analysis and Design
Name of the Student
Name of the University

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Table of Contents
Task 1: Information System Investigation for Harmony Hospital Pharmacy.................................2
Task 2: Object Oriented Approach..................................................................................................4
Task 2A: Use Case Diagram of the System.................................................................................4
Task 2B: Class Diagram of the System.......................................................................................6
Task 2C: Activity Diagram of the System...................................................................................7
Task 2D: System Sequence Diagram of the System...................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................10

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Task 1: Information System Investigation for Harmony Hospital Pharmacy
System investigation is required for analysing the problems, issues or any other factors
once a new information system is implemented (Nilashiet al. 2016). During planning of the
information system implementation, there are certain expectations regarding the functions and
operations of the system and hence, once the project is completed and the information system is
handed over to initiate operations, certain investigation techniques are implemented in order to
analyse the functioning of the system and to find whether all the expectations are met or there are
some existing issues.
In this project, an information system has been implemented for Harmony Hospital
Pharmacy in order to streamline the drug prescription and supply process and replace the current
manual system. The objective for the project was to minimise the errors caused due to manual
handling as well as the time required for conducting the entire process of prescribing drugs,
forwarding to pharmacy stations, dispatching and billing. Once the system development was
complete and handed over to Harmony Hospital, the system was investigated over a certain
period of time. The system investigation techniques that were utilised are discussed as follows.
Questionnaire Survey – One of the system investigation techniques that were
implemented included a detailed questionnaire survey that included the survey on various entities
related to the system like the doctors, nurses, pharmacy technicians, family members of the
patients and others (Brace2018). The main objective of the survey was to understand if the new
system has been able to achieve its basic operational targets and has improved the current set of
operations regarding drug prescriptions, dispatch and use of the drugs for treatment. The
questionnaire included 30 questions regarding the system performance with multiple choice

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answers of which, the survey participants needed to select one from each question (Park,
Sharmanand Rao2015). The survey results were used in the form of quantitative data that was
analysed regarding the system performance. However, this technique alone was not sufficient as
only quantitative data was extracted regarding the system.
Interview Survey – For the purpose of analysing qualitative data, interview surveys were
conducted on the internal entities of the system like the nurses, doctors and pharmacy technicians
(Zhanget al. 2015). The main objective of the interview was to collect some detailed qualitative
data regarding the experiences of the personnel while using and operating through the new
information system. The survey was conducted in the form of personal interview in which, each
of the selected personnel was interviewed separately (Angstet al. 2017). Questions were asked
regarding how they felt about the system and they were asked to explain the benefits or issues of
the system that they faced since the system became operational. From the survey, significant
amount of qualitative data was collected that helped in detailed analysis of the system
performance.
System Documentation Review – The final system investigation technique that was
utilised was system documentation review. This investigation technique is useful for analysing
some of the technical operational factors that cannot be found from the data gathered in
interview or the survey (Cohen, Colemanand Kangethe2016). The system documentation is
created during the project in which, all the technical and non-technical specifications are entered
and stored. Once the project is complete, all the reports are compiled together to develop the
final system document. During the review, the system document is analysed to identify the main
performance factors that can be expected from the system (Celestiet al. 2017). This data is
compared with the actual system performance data to identify if the system is working according

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to the specifications or not. The same technique was utilised in this project and the information
system was analysed using the review of the system documentation that was handed over by the
developer once the project was complete.
Justification for the Selected Investigation Techniques: After the project was handed
over and the information system was fully operational, it was required to investigate the system
so as to identify any performance issues, risks or other drawbacks that were not previously
expected. Again, in order to conduct an in-depth investigation of the system, three specific types
of data were required – qualitative data, quantitative data and internal technical data (Esfahaniet
al. 2018). For the purpose of collecting the qualitative data, interview survey was necessary in
which the chosen personnel shared their experiences regarding the system performance.
Quantitative data was collected from questionnaire surveys and the technical data was only
possible to collect from the system documentation handed over at the end of the project. For
conducting a detailed analysis of the internal operations of an organisation, these chosen
techniques are the most suitable as they do not demand much time or cost to conduct. Moreover,
the scope of these investigation techniques, especially the questionnaire survey also allows
investigation of the external entities, for instance the patients and their family members who visit
the hospital and hence, both internal and external data can be collected. There are also other
investigation techniques available but these techniques are the most suitable for the purpose of
the study in this case.
Task 2: Object Oriented Approach
Task 2A: Use Case Diagram of the System
The use case diagram of the system is shown as follows.

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Figure 1: Use Case Diagram of the System
(Source: Created by Author)
The use case of the system represents the actors of the system and various use cases
(activities) that are related to them. In the diagram, the central part shows the overall system in

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which various use cases are inserted and connected to respective actors on two sides of the
system. In the use case, it has been assumed that in spite of the implementation of the
information system, the basic roles of the actors in the same will not change from the previously
existing system.
Task 2B: Class Diagram of the System
The class diagram of the system is shown as follows.
Figure 2: Class Diagram of the System

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(Source: Created by Author)
The diagram above shows the system structure including various classes and their
attributes, operations and relationship between them. In this diagram, it has been assumed that
there are various one to one, one to many and many to one relationships between various classes
involved in the system.
Task 2C: Activity Diagram of the System
The activity diagram of the system is shown as follows.

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Figure 3: Activity Diagram of the System
(Source: Created by Author)

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The diagram above shows the sequence of activities within the hospital system in which,
the prescriptions are dispatched, goes through various processes like verification and ultimately,
the prescribed drugs reach the nursing station for the treatment of the patients.
Task 2D: System Sequence Diagram of the System
The sequence diagram of the system is shown as follows.
Figure 4: Sequence Diagram of the System
(Source: Created by Author)
The sequence diagram above depicts the interactions between the various entities that are
active in the system. In this case, it has been assumed that the various entities of the system have
linear and simple relationships between them as per the requirements and structure of the overall
system.

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Conclusion
Finally, it can be inferred that the system investigation techniques were very much
effective in gathering suitable data that in turn helped in the analysis of the developed
information system. Furthermore, the information system structure, relationships between
various entities, use cases and others have been represented in the form of diagrams that clearly
depict the entities, their types and activities in the information system deployed in Harmony
Hospital Pharmacy.

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References
Angst, C.M., Wowak, K.D., Handley, S.M. and Kelley, K., 2017. Antecedents of Information
Systems Sourcing Strategies in US Hospitals: A Longitudinal Study. MIS Quarterly, 41(4).
Brace, I., 2018. Questionnaire design: How to plan, structure and write survey material for
effective market research. Kogan Page Publishers.
Celesti, A., Fazio, M., Romano, A., Bramanti, A., Bramanti, P. and Villari, M., 2017. An oais-
based hospital information system on the cloud: Analysis of a nosql column-oriented
approach. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, 22(3), pp.912-918.
Cohen, J.F., Coleman, E. and Kangethe, M.J., 2016. An importance-performance analysis of
hospital information system attributes: A nurses' perspective. International journal of medical
informatics, 86, pp.82-90.
Esfahani, A.A., Ahmadi, H., Nilashi, M., Alizadeh, M., Bashiri, A., Farajzadeh, M.A.,
Shahmoradi, L., Nobakht, M. and Rasouli, H.R., 2018. An evaluation model for the
implementation of hospital information system in public hospitals using multi-criteria-decision-
making (MCDM) approaches. International Journal of Engineering and Technology
(UAE), 7(1), pp.1-18.
Nilashi, M., Ahmadi, H., Ahani, A., Ravangard, R. and bin Ibrahim, O., 2016. Determining the
importance of hospital information system adoption factors using fuzzy analytic network process
(ANP). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 111, pp.244-264.

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Park, I., Sharman, R. and Rao, H.R., 2015. Disaster experience and hospital information systems:
An examination of perceived information assurance, risk, resilience, and his usefulness. Journal
of Consumer Research, 12(4), pp.382-405.
Zhang, Y., Qiu, M., Tsai, C.W., Hassan, M.M. and Alamri, A., 2015. Health-CPS: Healthcare
cyber-physical system assisted by cloud and big data. IEEE Systems Journal, 11(1), pp.88-95.