Network Routing and Switching COIT20261 Term 1 Assignment 1 Solution

This document presents a comprehensive solution to Assignment 1 of the COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching course. The solution addresses three key questions, covering fundamental networking concepts. Question 1 delves into IP addressing and subnetting, calculating network addresses, broadcast addresses, and host ranges. Question 2 focuses on subnetting for different departments, calculating the number of IP addresses allocated to each, and providing subnet addresses/prefixes. Finally, Question 3 analyzes network traffic using Wireshark, interpreting packet captures and explaining the functionality of the NETSTAT utility, including its local and foreign addresses and connection states, providing valuable insights into network behavior and troubleshooting techniques. The document also includes a bibliography of relevant resources.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2020
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1kx
ANSWER TEMPLATE ASSIGNMENT ONE
Type your answers in the spaces provided
Marking criteria: see last page
First Name:_______________________ Last Name:____________________________
Student ID: __________________________
Your Answers Mark
allocated
Mark
earned
Question 1: (3 marks) 3
a)
IP address - 178.150.45.100/23
Subnet mask = 255.255.254.0
IP Address (Decimal) - 154.78.177.3
IP Address (Binary) - 10110010.10010110.0010110 1.01100100
Subnet Mask (Binary) - 11111111.11111111.1111111 0.00000000
Wild Card - 00000000.00000000.0000000 1.11111111
Network Address - 178.150.44.0/23
Binary - 10110010.10010110.0010110 0.00000000 (Class B)
Broadcast: 178.150.45.255
Binary - 10110010.10010110.0010110 1.11111111
HostMin: 178.150.44.1
Binary - 10110010.10010110.0010110 0.00000001
HostMax: 178.150.45.254
Binary - 10110010.10010110.0010110 1.11111110
Hosts/Net: 510
512 number of IP address are available in the block allocated to the
company including special addresses
1 mark
each
item,
total 3

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2020
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1kx
b)
c)
The network address of the block is 178.150.44.0/23
The direct broadcast address of the block is 178.150.45.255
Question 2: (8 marks) 8
a) For each of the department the following are the number of IP addresses
allocated:
Services – 126
Marketing – 62
Finance – 30
Executive – 30
General – 254
Calculation:
Services – 60 + 5
CIDR > 62 thus
126 maximum address is allocated
Marketing – 40 + 5
CIDR > 30 thus
62 maximum address is allocated
Finance – 10 + 2 + 5 = 17
CIDR > 14 thus
30 maximum address space is allocated
Executive – 15 + 2 + 5 = 22
CIDR > 14 thus
30 maximum address space is allocated
General – total address space available = 510
3

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2020
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1kx
Use address space = 126+62+30+30 = 248
Therefore, available address space = 510 – (248+2^3)
= 510- 256
= 254
b) Subnet addresses/prefix for each department and the General subnet
(organise your data in a table)
Department Subnet
address/prefix
General Subnet
Services 178.150.45.0/25 255.255.255.128
Marketing 178.150.45.128/26 255.255.255.192
Finance 178.150.45.224/27 255.255.255.224
Executive 178.150.45.192/27 255.255.255.224
General 178.150.44.0/24 255.255.255.0
5
Question 3: (4 marks) 4
3a
i
ii
Wireshark
Frame 7 (1 mark):
This packet was from client to server and it is received from a web
application. Compressed data is represented and is found from the HTTP
stream.
Frames 9-10 (1 mark):
It represents the communication of scanner using the UDP protocol. A
command is send to the scanner in Frame 9 and a response is received in
frame 10. BNJP protocol is used which acts as a custom Lan discovery
for discovering the scanning and printing devices connected in the
network.
2
3b NETSTAT 3

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2020
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1kx
i
ii
Local Address- It is used for the representation of all the network
interface that is NIC cards, Virtual machines to which the host is
connected
Foreign Address – It represents the other end of the network connection
and it can be same as the host address in case a serer process is accessed
by 127.0.0.1: port where there is no remote.
State – it is used for indicating the TCP connection state and it may be
“CLOSE_WAIT, CLOSED, ESTABLISHED, FIN_WAIT_1,
FIN_WAIT_2, LAST_ACK, LISTEN, SYN_RECEIVED, SYN_SEND,
and TIME_WAIT”
Listening – It represents that that the socket is listening for the incoming
connection and it is not included in output unless the listening option is
specified.
Established – It represents that the socket has established a connection
Close_wait – The remote or destination host has shut down and is

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching Term 1, 2020
Assignment item —Written Assessment-1kx
iii
waiting for the socket to close.
Time_wait – After the close the socket is waiting for closing for
handling the data packets in the network.
There is no state information for UDP protocol entry since the UDP port
is bounded with a local IP address and it is listening or accepting
communication from any foreign address on port 3702.
Total marks awarded 15 (max)
Less late penalties
Less plagiarism penalties
Total marks earned
Markers comments:
Bibliography
Medhi, D. and Ramasamy, K., 2017. Network routing: algorithms,
protocols, and architectures. Morgan Kaufmann.
Sanders, C., 2017. Practical packet analysis: Using Wireshark to
solve real-world network problems. No Starch Press.
Marking Criteria: Your answers will be marked based on technical correctness,
completeness, clarity and relevance. Questions that ask you to show your working or
calculations or the steps you took to arrive at your answers, may have marks deducted if
such information is not provided. If a question requires you to submit a graphic (e.g. a
screenshot or a diagram), the graphic must have sufficient resolution to show all its
details clearly and be of a reasonable size for normal reader viewing, with all or any text
within the graphic being legible and readable, in order to be marked. Marks can be
deducted for poor presentation in any of the three major questions.