COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching: Routing Concepts, Term 3 2018

This document provides a detailed solution to a networking assignment focused on routing and switching concepts. It addresses topics such as next-hop address determination, interface suitability, hop counts, and routing table configuration. Furthermore, the assignment delves into IP datagram fragmentation, including calculations of fragment offsets and sizes. The solution also explores Software Defined Networking (SDN), discussing its benefits in managing network traffic and the separation of data and control planes. Finally, it examines OpenFlow, a standard protocol for implementing SDN, and its role in facilitating communication between switches and controllers. Desklib offers a platform for students to access similar solved assignments and past papers.

Running Head: NETWORKING 0 | P a g e
Networking
Individual Task
Student name

Networking 1 | P a g e
Answer: 1
1. Next hop address is 180.20.0.30
2. M2 interface is suitable for it
3. Three hops are required for this deliver R1, R3, and Host B
4. R1 send it to default router.
5. R2 used m2 interface for forwarding that packet
6. 180.0.0.10 is used for forwarding that packet to their destination
7. 133.0.10.0/24 is destination network
8. Routing table for Router R3:
130.24.0.0/16
Network address Next-hop address Interface
130.24.10.16 180.20.0.30/8 m0
230.10.50.0/24
Network address Next-hop address Interface
230.10.50.24 --------------------- m1
Default: 180.0.10.10/8 m0

Networking 2 | P a g e
Answer: 2
a. IP datagram size is 5000 bytes including header.
Next destination MTU size = 1500 bytes
IP header size is 20 byes minimum (Huitema, 2000).
Therefore, size of data is 5000-20 =4980 bytes, so total number of fragments are
4980/1500 = 3.32
We take it as four fragments for destination. The fragment offsets would be multiples of
1500-20= 1480
1480/8 = 185
Therefore, 0,185,370, and so on
Fragment Starting byte Ending byte
1 1 1500
2 1501 3000
3 3001 4500
4 4501 5060
b.
Fragment Total Bytes Header
bytes
Data size in
bytes
Flag for more
fragments
Fragments
offset
1 1500 20 1480 1 0
2 1500 20 1480 1 185
3 1500 20 1480 1 370
4 560 20 540 0 555
c. All the fragments are having an IP header with them. Therefore, it is having more bytes
as compared to packet arrived from the other layer (Forouzan, 2007). It is also depend on
the MTU size of destination. If MTU size is greater than packet size than there is no
change, only header is added with that packet (Cowley, 2012).

Networking 3 | P a g e
Answer: 3
a. In last few years, traffic is highly increases in carrier network. Cloud service and other
online applications are growing in a huge ratio in network devices as well as mobile
connected devices (Kenneth C. Mansfield & Antonakos, 2009). Legacy networks are not
fit for handling that traffic and high elastic demand. Software Defined Networking (SDN)
has provided a dynamic facility to change in availability of network resources
(Sdxcentral, 2018). It fulfills the user request quickly in low cost. It is provide separation
between data and control plane through protocol, which can modifies forwarding tables
(Lammle, 2011). It the reason that network is works faster. SDN separate the data and
control in the network. It provides a controller for managing the switches and
applications as shown in below diagram (LeClerc , 2011). SDN is providing these
benefits, which are enhancing configuration, improving performance and encouraging
innovation (Mitchell, 2018).
Source: (Xia, et al., 2015)

Networking 4 | P a g e
b. SDN has a facility to manage the network with the separation of data and control. It uses
protocols for the managing packet flow in the network (Tanenbaum, 2014). It is an
architecture, which makes separated to the user plane and control plane. An SDN
controller is having a reesponsibity of generating packet-forwarding rules for different
operations at appropriate switching devices ( Stallings, 2018). These rules are having
preferred network properties, such as security, no black hole, and loop free. SDN
maintain the consistency of switching devices in network. Packet forwarding is beneficial
for control layer performance as shown in below diagram (Blanchet , 2010).
Source: (Xia, et al., 2015)
c. OpenFlow: it is a standard protocol for implementing Software Defined Networking
(SDN) in networking equipment by Open Networking Foundation (Sunshine, 2013). It is
provide an interface between switch and controller ( Auster, 2013). It allows the
controller to instruct switch for handling incoming packet. It is programed for
identification of packet behalf of various packet header fields. It process the packets and
sent it the desired port or to the controller as shown in below diagram (Medhi &
Ramasamy, 2017).

Networking 5 | P a g e
Source: (Xia, et al., 2015)
References

Networking 6 | P a g e
Blanchet , M., 2010. IP network node and middleware for establishing connectivity to both the
IPv4 and IPv6 networks.. Washington, Patent No. 7,657,642.
Cowley, J., 2012. Communications and Networking. 2 ed. kingswinford: Springer Science &
Business Media.
Forouzan, A. B., 2007. Data communications & networking. 8th ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-
Hill Education.
Huitema, C., 2000. Routing in the Internet. s.l.:Prentice-Hall.
Kenneth C. Mansfield, J. & Antonakos, J. L., 2009. Computer Networking for LANS to WANS:
Hardware, Software and Security. 1 ed. Bostan(MA): Cengage Learning.
Lammle, T., 2011. CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Deluxe Study Guide. indiana: John
Wiley & Sons.
LeClerc , M., 2011. THE BASICS OF SDN AND THE OPENFLOW NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE. [Online]
Available at: https://noviflow.com/the-basics-of-sdn-and-the-openflow-network-architecture/
[Accessed 21 January 2019].
Medhi, D. & Ramasamy, K., 2017. Network routing: algorithms, protocols, and architectures.
s.l.:Morgan Kaufmann.
Mitchell, B., 2018. What Is Computer Networking?. [Online]
Available at: https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-computer-networking-816249
[Accessed 16 January 2019].
Sunshine, C. A., 2013. Computer network architectures and protocols. New Jersy: Springer
Science & Business Media.
Tanenbaum, A. S., 2014. Computer networks. Harlow, Essex: Pearson.
Xia, W. et al., 2015. A survey on software-defined networking. IEEE Communications Surveys
& Tutorials, 17(1), pp. 27-51.

Networking 7 | P a g e