BSc Study Skills Essay: Learning, Memory, and Collaborative Techniques

This essay delves into the realm of study skills, specifically targeting students in secondary and higher education. It begins by examining diverse learning approaches, including behaviorist, cognitive, and humanistic perspectives, and their impact on student learning. The essay then explores the capabilities of the brain, focusing on learning, memory, and the utilization of knowledge. It highlights the significance of mind mapping as a tool for storing and retrieving information, outlining the processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. Furthermore, the essay discusses collaborative learning, emphasizing the application of knowledge and understanding through group activities, goal setting, norm establishment, open communication, and strategic planning. The conclusion underscores the importance of these concepts for academic success.

STUDY SKILLS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
How people learn and different approaches of learning.............................................................3
Capabilities of brain....................................................................................................................4
How mind mapping can be used for storing and retrieving information....................................5
Application of Knowledge and understanding of collaborative learning...................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The students which are studying in the secondary school and high school is involved in
the process of the learning. The essay consist of the approaches of the learning and the
capabilities of the brain of the student while learning. Mind mapping is used is a tool for storing
the information and retrieving the information as well. Knowledge and understanding of the
knowledge is the essential for the students because they need to study and built their careers.
Learning process is improvising according to the time and the technology are introduced in the
process of the learning.
How people learn and different approaches of learning
In the secondary and higher education, the students are not able to learn the things
effectively. The students need to learn the concentrate on the various methods of learning which
would help them to learn effectively.
Approaches of learning
Behaviorist approaches
The approach is based on the learner response to the environment. The learner must
respond in the positive way which would be gaining the knowledge. Approach can be used
through the process of the training and providing the teaching to the high school student. Student
has to start the process of the learning and the teacher which is providing the education must
provide the material for the learning to the student. Every student absorbs the knowledge
provided in the different way which would state that every student will use the knowledge in
various ways. The teacher which is teaching the students must be strict and also motivate the
students from time to time (Asikainen, and Gijbels, 2017).
Cognitive approaches
Cognitive approach is based on the active mind of the students and also it is focusing on
the learning and the opportunities of the students. The approach includes the cognitive theories
like Dewey theory of learning to think. The theory is focusing on the process of the learning
which is more important than completing the any task or activity. B.S bloom is focusing on the
memory and the understanding power of the student. Through this theory is concentrating on the
feeling and the emotions of the students while learning. The learning and the understanding
power depends on the feelings and emotions of the students while studying (Twissell 2018).
Humanistic approaches

The humanist theories are focusing on the society and the right and the wrong ideas for
the society. The approach is divided into the two parts andragogy and pedagogy. Pedagogy is
based on the instruction which are provided to the students while gaining the knowledge. It is
concentrating on the process of the learning it states that the proving the education is not
important but the education provided must be enjoyed by the students. Andragogy is based on
the assumption which consist of the learner freedom to learn the things. The students which is
learning needs to be ready to learn and students must be motivated before starting the learning
and while the process of learning (Lu, and et.al., 2016).
The approaches are providing the knowledge to the students during the time of the high
school and secondary schooling. Students need to learn and the use the knowledge which would
be provided by the teachers. Teachers need to provide the knowledge to the students and provide
the training to the students.
Capabilities of brain
The brain is doing many functions but the students brain is complex and hard to
understand. The brain of the students would perform the functions like learning, memory of the
knowledge and how to use the knowledge and at what places.
Learning
The process of the learning is depended on the students because the students feeling and
emotions are affecting that. While learning the brain would collect the information and also store
the information but sometimes students do not recollect the information when needed. Students
would recollect the information because that information was only read and not learned with the
concentration. During the time of learning the students are concentrated on other activities which
results in the hurdle in the process of the learning. The cerebrum is the part of the brain which is
controlling the activities of the brain. The brain is performing the activities like the reading,
learning and walking as well (Poltschak, and et.al., 2018).
Use of the knowledge
It is depends on the students how to use the knowledge and at what place the knowledge
should be used. During the time of the high school some students have the knowledge, but they
do not know how to implement the knowledge at the right place. The teachers must teach the
students how to use the knowledge. Some students also have the knowledge, but they are
confused about where to use the information, and they lack behind in the results. The students

brain is collecting the knowledge by following the process of the learning. Through learning only
students would be able to store the information in the brain and then use the information when it
must be used (Chia 2017).
Memory
The brain is storing the knowledge and the students must be able to retrieve the
information which is stored in the brain. Memory of the students is not same, every student has
the different grasping power. Some can memorize the knowledge instantly while some need to
be pushed for memorizing and learning. The brain of the students is not focused in one thing
some students would recollect the knowledge while some need time to recollect the knowledge.
The cerebellum and the hippocampus are involved in the process of the memory. Memory is
stored in the neural networks of the brain. Memory is many types like short memory and long
term memory. Concentration of the student while studying is deciding that the memory would be
short term memory or long term memory (de-Marcos, Garcia-Lopez, and Garcia-Cabot, 2016).
The brain of the students is performing many functions. It is diverted in various activities
and it cannot be stable and the students are not able to concentrate on the studies. Students brain
must be focused and the students must concentrate on the studies as well.
How mind mapping can be used for storing and retrieving information.
The mind mapping is used by the teachers for storing the information and retrieving the
information. Process of mind mapping is provided below:
Encoding
Encoding is starting phase of the memory. In the encoding the new information which is
entering the brain is encoded and then the information is stored in the memory. Many times the
students could not recollect the information because that information is not encoded and not
stored in the brain (Cooper, and et.al., 2017). Encoding is of two types which consist of the
automatic and effort full In automatic the information is naturally encoded and stored but in
effort full students need to place the efforts for encoding the information and also for storing the
information as well.
Storage
storage if the memory is done after the encoding the of the information in the brain. The
storage of the information is must for the brain and the students as well. The storage of the
information is divided into the three types long term memory is the memory which is stored in

the memory for the long period. Short term memory is the memory which is stored in the mind
for the short period (Rosciano 2015). Sensory memory is the memory which is stored by the
nervous system.
Retrieval
Retrieval is the last phase of the process, through these one can gain the knowledge. The
information stored in the mind of the students need to be retrieved and it has two types of
retrieving the memory. Recall is the one of them, through the recalling process students are
trying to recall the information by following the hints which are recalled. Recognition is the
another one, in the process of recognition the students are recognized the information from the
past events. Through following the process of mind mapping students grasping power is
increased and process of learning has been improvised as well (Illeris 2018).
The memory can be improved by improving the mental skills. The memory can be easily
stored in the case of the imagination and the association as well. Students need to imagine the
things which are taught by the teachers. In association the students can store the information
through the objects and the faces because these can be remembered easily which students would
not need to put the efforts as well. There is the specific impact of the mind map on the learning
of the students. Through these techniques students would easily understand the information and
the information would also be stored in the brain easily. Students teachers and parents must
follow the process of the mind mapping because it is improving the process of the gaining the
knowledge and understanding the knowledge.
Application of Knowledge and understanding of collaborative learning
Collaborative learning is the method in which students can create the groups and learn the
things. In these way students would clear the problems and students would bring up the new
ideas. Monitoring of the work is also done in the collaborative learning (Jetter, and et.al., 2015).
Through the collaborative learning one would share the experiences and the share the
information clearly.
Application of the collaborative learning for gaining the knowledge and understanding
the knowledge. Through these factors students would apply the collaborative learning
(Rosenheck, and et.al., 2016).
Establish the goals

collaborative learning needs goals to be established and clear. The students need to form
the goals while performing for the collaborative learning and the students need to monitor one
another. Teachers must encourage the students to do the collaborative learning Because it would
also increase the learning and memorizing capacity of the students. The goals set by the teachers
are monitored and also the performance of the students is monitored.
Establish the norms for the groups
Teachers must establish the norms and also set the targets for the studying in the
collaborative learning. The norms for the group must consist of the strict rules and the targets
and deadlines for the task as well. The norms which are levied on the groups must be flexible
according to the students which are in the groups.
Open communication
Open communication is must because through the effective communication the students
would solve the problems of each other and the students would also build the trust. Some could
explain the concepts thoroughly and the students would gain the knowledge. Open
communication is increasing the abilities of the students and also it would improve the
performance of the students as well.
Strategies
Students must use the strategies which will help them to achieve the targets. The
strategies can be implemented upon the performance and the abilities of the students. Through
these the task can be managed and the work can be divided among the students which are in the
group. The strategies applied by the students are resulting in the form of the good result in the
academic year.
The students need to apply the collaborative learning and the students would also use
these type of the learning for gaining the knowledge and experiences. Collaborative learning
includes the group which has assigned the task and the target for completing the work as well.
CONCLUSION
The essay is focusing on the high school students and the secondary school students as
well. The students usually faces the problems while learning and the students need to perform
well in the academic year. So the essay is concentrating on the different approaches of the
students and also the capabilities of the brain while performing for the academic study. The
approaches which are helping the students to gain the knowledge. Mind mapping is also

providing the knowledge to the students and also storing and retrieving the information as
possible. Collaborative learning is essential for the students to gain the knowledge and also
understanding the information provided. Through the techniques the student would improve the
grasping power and also improve the memory power as well.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Asikainen, H. and Gijbels, D., 2017. Do students develop towards more deep approaches to
learning during studies? A systematic review on the development of students’ deep and
surface approaches to learning in higher education. Educational Psychology
Review. 29(2). pp.205-234.
Chia, R., 2017. A process-philosophical understanding of organizational learning as
“wayfinding” Process, practices and sensitivity to environmental affordances. The
Learning Organization. 24(2). pp.107-118.
Cooper, and et.al., 2017. Ontology for use with a system, method, and computer readable
medium for retrieving information and response to a query. U.S. Patent 9,747,390.
de-Marcos, L., Garcia-Lopez, E. and Garcia-Cabot, A., 2016. On the effectiveness of game-like
and social approaches in learning: Comparing educational gaming, gamification &
social networking. Computers & Education. 95. pp.99-113.
Illeris, K., 2018. A comprehensive understanding of human learning. In Contemporary theories
of learning (pp. 1-14). Routledge.
Jetter, and et.al., 2015. System and method for graphically illustrating external data source
information in the form of a visual hierarchy in an electronic workspace. U.S. Patent
9,038,001.
Lu, and et.al., 2016. Hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with real-time live-
cell imaging and blood–brain barrier penetration capabilities. International journal of
nanomedicine. 11. p.6325.
Poltschak, and et.al., 2018. A multiport vector network analyzer with high-precision and realtime
capabilities for brain imaging and stroke detection. International Journal of Microwave
and Wireless Technologies. 10(5-6). pp.605-612.
Rosciano, A., 2015. The effectiveness of mind mapping as an active learning strategy among
associate degree nursing students. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 10(2). pp.93-99.
Rosenheck, and et.al., 2016. Design and Implementation of an MMO: approaches to support
inquiry learning with games. In Handbook of Research on Gaming Trends in P-12
Education(pp. 33-54). IGI Global.

Twissell, A., 2018. Modelling and Simulating Electronics Knowledge: Conceptual
Understanding and Learning through Active Agency. Journal of Educational
Technology & Society. 21(2). pp.111-123.