Healthcare Communication: Training, Theories, and Barriers Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of communication training in health and social care. It emphasizes the importance of effective communication for service providers, detailing training aspects such as active listening and patient-centered approaches. The report explores various communication theories, including psychodynamic, behaviorist, humanistic, and cognitive theories, with a focus on the humanistic approach, particularly the person-centered and transactional analysis methods. It also addresses language appropriateness for both service users and professionals, along with the importance of active listening, empathy, and respecting patient rights. Furthermore, the report identifies barriers to communication, such as nurse-related, patient-related, and environmental factors, and discusses strategies for dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication, including attentiveness, empathy, and providing correct information. It also covers confidentiality, privacy, and protection using a five-point model, and strategies to support individuals with special communication needs. The report concludes with a list of references to support the information provided.

TRAINING AND COMMUNICATION IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Presented by:

TRAINING ON
COMMUNICATION IN H AND SC
One of the fundamental process in health (H) and social care
(SC) is effective communication
For effective communication, the service givers are required
to be trained. The main aspcets of the communication
training inlcude
 A formal introduction about the importance of
communication in healthcare
 Training of effective listening techniques like maintenance
of eye contact which encourage patients to talk
 Proper recognition of a patient as an individual person
rather than a case or an object of study
(Brock et al. 2013)

THEORY IN H AND SC
 There are several theories on communication, some of the popular theories
include
 Psychodynamic theory of communication: It mainly focuses on the
development of the communication approach based on the underlying
psychology of the patient
 Behaviourist theory of communication: This theory deal with proper
expression of the sympathetic behaviour via exchanging expression while
listening to the patient
 Humanistic approach of communication: It deals two different theories of
communication and this includes person-centred theory and transactional
analysis
 Cognitive theory of communication: This communication theory is modified
on the basis of the cognition of the service providers towards the service users.
(Schiavo 2013)

HUMANISTIC APPROACH OF COMMUNICATION
 This is the most effective approach of communication in
health and social care
 Person-centred approach: Deals with designing the
communication plan in a patient specific manner. For
example separate plan patient with hearing disability
and patient with vision problem or speech problem
 Transactional analysis
 This type of communication approach is designed by the
health care service providers via accessing
 Ego state of the patient
 The level of temperament and mood swings of the
patient
(Schiavo 2013)

LANGUAGE APPROPRIATE
FOR THE SERVICE USERS
 Sympathise with the current condition of
the patient
 Active listening to patient’s concern
 Respecting his needs and right of
knowing information in regards to
present health condition
 (Schiavo 2013)

LANGUAGE APPROPRIATE FOR THE
PROFESSIONALS AND PURPOSE
 Proper communication of information
 Right exchange of information on time
(Schiavo 2013)

BARRIERS IN
COMMUNICATION
 Nurse-related factors:
 Shortage of nurses
 High workload and adequate time
 Patient-related factors
 Family interference
 Pain, anxiety and physical discomfort of patient
 Gap in patient’s knowledge about the duty of the nurse
 Environmental Factors
 Hectic environment inside the ward
 Unsuitable environmental conditions
 Presence of critically ill patients inside the ward
(Norouzinia et al. 2016)

DEALING WITH INAPPROPRIATE
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 Intrapersonal communication form the patient’s perspective it can be said that
effective communication between patient and doctor is the core clinical skills
 Effective doctor-patient communication helps to generate positive health
outcomes, improved general health condition and higher customer satisfaction.
 To deal inappropriate intrapersonal communication a healthcare professional
must abide by certain skills
 Attentive listening
 Displaying empathy and respect to the patient
 Delivering patient correct and honest information
 Treating patient as an individual
 Helping patient to take their own decision
(Beaulieu et al. 2011)

CONFIDENTIALITY/
PRIVACY/PROTECTION
 Confidentiality Negotiation System is
based on five point model:
 Who
 What
 Where
 When and how
(Petronio, DiCorcia and Duggan 2012)

STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT
INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIAL
COMMUNICATION NEEDS
 Patients with hearing disability
 Use of sign language to communicative the message
 Speaking slowly and in a expressive manner so that the
patient can easily lip read the message
 Patient with visual disability
 Reposing to each and every question of patients like with
either yes or no. This helps the patient to understand that
the other person is listening to their grievances
 Helping them with a pair of glasses so that they become
comfortable with their eye sight

Questions

REFERENCES
 Beaulieu, M.D., Haggerty, J.L., Beaulieu, C., Bouharaoui, F.,
Lévesque, J.F., Pineault, R., Burge, F. and Santor, D.A., 2011.
Interpersonal communication from the patient perspective:
comparison of primary healthcare evaluation
instruments. Healthcare Policy, 7(Spec Issue), p.108.
 Brock, D., Abu-Rish, E., Chiu, C.R., Hammer, D., Wilson, S., Vorvick,
L., Blondon, K., Schaad, D., Liner, D. and Zierler, B., 2013.
Republished: interprofessional education in team communication:
working together to improve patient safety. Postgraduate medical
journal, 89(1057), pp.642-651.
 Norouzinia, R., Aghabarari, M., Shiri, M., Karimi, M. and Samami,
E., 2016. Communication barriers perceived by nurses and
patients. Global journal of health science, 8(6), p.65.
 Petronio, S., DiCorcia, M.J. and Duggan, A., 2012. Navigating ethics
of physician-patient confidentiality: a communication privacy
management analysis. The Permanente Journal, 16(4), p.41.
 Schiavo, R., 2013. Health communication: From theory to practice.
John Wiley & Sons