Evidence-Based Practice: Communication Skills in Healthcare

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Fundamentals of Evidence-based Practice
Communication skills in practice: the influence of communication skills and techniques on
outcomes for service users in a health or social care service
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University Name:
Author’s Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1: Give details about the research role for the evidence-based application in terms of health
and care service P1 & P2)................................................................................................................3
LO2: Carry out a literature review to the given topic as improvements within care preparation
(P3 & P4).........................................................................................................................................5
Introduction..................................................................................................................................5
Literature theme 1:.......................................................................................................................6
Literature theme 2:.......................................................................................................................7
Reliability and validity of taking this research............................................................................8
How project proposal was effective with the literature review...................................................8
LO3: Make a proposal by utilizing the evidence-based preparation (P5 & P6)..............................9
Aims and Objectives....................................................................................................................9
Literature review..........................................................................................................................9
Research Methodology..............................................................................................................12
Expected outcomes....................................................................................................................13
LO4 Identify the main aspect of review of literature in terms of influence the positive
modification in social and health service (P7 & P8) (Refer to PPT also).....................................13
Overall Conclusion........................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................16
Appendices....................................................................................................................................20
Appendix 1.................................................................................................................................20
Appendix 2: Performance Review.............................................................................................22

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Introduction
Effective communication influences the behaviour of people working in different sector and
facilitates better building of relationship. This in turn, results in better delivery of performance in
individual and group tasks. In social and healthcare services, communication has been observed
to be gaining considerable importance among health care service users as well as the health care
practitioners. Various researches have been conducted for facilitating better provision of health
care services to the patients. Following description is based on these types of researches that are
conducted by health care practitioners for improvising and developing the health care services.
The importance of literature review and evidence based practices in health care service will also
be depicted in the following literature. Few glimpses of other methods and tactics, which are
used for developing the health care services, will also be exhibited in the following description.
LO1: Give details about the research role for the evidence-based application in terms of
health and care service P1 & P2)
Main reason for carrying out the research to enable the evidence-based preparation in social
service
Every researcher has to make a proper research in order to deliver any kind of health or social
care. They need to identify the basic factors of the research related issue and make the proper
arrangement for overcoming it. On the other hand, nurses and doctors are present for providing
patients proper diagnosis. Evidence is very important for dealing with proper practices as proper
clinical approaches much be mentioned perfect (Greenhalgh et al., 2014). Therefore, several
factors are there including proper medicine and practices for dealing with critical health care.
Doctors are needed to identify the problem of the patients by giving them proper test in order to
know their basics physical characters. This test will help them in order to gather information for
research oriented task in future. Nurses and doctors are facing some organization-oriented issues,
as the research benchmark is not same in every organization. By maintaining a proper research,
nurses and doctors acquired a proper idea of patient’s mental and physical stability and they need
to teat with them in that manner. According to Kirmayer (2012), this EBP can become vital for

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nurses for getting job in their desired organizations as they will get certain research ability to
deal with adverse problems. The researcher also take some data in formation which are already
published in internet as these will surely help the nurse to find some basic information about the
care related information. In addition, sample size, qualitative and quantitative analysis will hold
some strong position in order to make any research based theme in terms of evidence-based
practices.
Own Skills and qualities required for conducting a literature review towards evidence-based
practice
Reviews of literature are an extremely significant part of any research related study, as this
section will hold the most information of the research. As opined by, nurses from different
organizations have to create proper research on evidence-based treatments as all treatment is
based on several reports (Aarons et al., 2012). Conduction a literature review is not that much
easy while actually people thinks. Nurse has to obtain some basic specialization in order to make
certain literature review based on the research (Valentijn et al., 2013). This research should be
relevant to the point of the already taken research topic. Investigation related skills are very
important for conducting this information based research practices. Some nurses are very
proficient with this skill and this will surely help them in order to deliver the literature review
perfectly. As opined by Browne et al. (2012), investigation skill improvement helps them to
identify proper evidence-based practice from a mass of data on the internet, journals. Research
skill helps them to arrange entire as literature review precisely as they have to deal with lots of
data at the time of evidence-based practices (Nursingcenter.com. 2018). Therefore, clinical
nurses have the ability to find the thing that will be most important. According to the Clift
(2012), evidence-based research is represented the topic more critical. On that critical aspect, this
research skill will surely improve their ability and quality when they have to make some
evidence related practices (Evidence-Based Nursing blog. 2016). Some literature reviews are
listed on the internet based on the technical tools, data are being used, and the researcher has to
look for those important factors (Aveyard and Sharp, 2013). Besides that, evidence-based
practices are mainly based on the research ability of the nurse compile with the clinical aspect of
that matter. Nurses have to know the main idea of these evidence-based practices maintain wine
some NPD specialist helps them to deal with this issue.

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Skills need to conduct research on provision and practice in health and support services
This section examines several thinking strategies, which are required for high quality practice of
clinic. As noted by Flottorp et al. (2013), clinical judgment and reasoning are observed within
relative towards other thinking modes utilized by medical nurses in giving superiority health
care. The professional presentation of nurses is reliant on performance evaluation and continual
learning (Nursingcenter.com. 2019). However, the health care workforce is distinct as providers
of “face-to-face” support. In the clinical setting, there has been a lot of clarity about the workers
role, with their roles improving organically rather than consequently and systematically their
preparation. As opined by Ventola (2014), high quality of health care service is required for
effective collaboration of health and social care suppliers.
In the clinical setting, critical reflective abilities are required for the nurses and doctors. These
types of skills are scanty for clinician who should determine how to take action within exacting
conditions and keep away from any type of patient injury (Melnyk et al., 2014). Besides, critical
reflection may produce new scientific based ideas. These types of ideas may not given what is
required for a clinician to play within a condition. This plan is not to be estimated as reasonable
as reflective thinking is not enough for better clinical judgement and reasoning.
LO2: Carry out a literature review to the given topic as improvements within care
preparation (P3 & P4)
Topic: The influence of communication methods as well as skills on results for service users
in a health or social care service
Introduction
In the recent times, the focus of health care service providers has majorly shifted towards
improving and developing their provision of health care services to the patients. For this purpose,
various efforts have been made by the health care service providers. The concept of improved
relationship between the patients and health care service providers has also been emphasised for
enhancing the outcomes of health care services. The following literature has been provided for
offering better insight into this concept. The influence of communication techniques and skills
can be easily understood by getting through subsequent literature. The ways in which

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communication techniques and skills can bring improvements in provision of health care services
can be easily illustrated through literatures mentioned further in the description.
Literature theme 1:
Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/37600384/IPE_Cochrane_Review_update_20
13.pdf?
AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1552551443&Signature=lU9oRrWIeuyrrSI
OAbwBtnyNXHA%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename
%3DReeves_S_Perrier_L_Goldman_J_Freeth_D_Zw.pdf
As described in the article of Reeves et al. (2013), delivery of high quality health care services
requires effective collaboration of social and health care service providers. However, it is also
observed that making effective collaboration between the service providers is not an easy task.
Therefore, for facilitating effective collaboration and for gaining desired outcomes out of this
collaboration, there is a requirement of inter professional education. As opined by Reeves et al.
(2013), through inter professionals education, professionals and practitioners in health care
system perform and learn together. Through this program, their personal skills and abilities are
developed by maintaining harmony and they are able to perform much better in various health
care operations. In this way, collaboration of professionals is effectively accomplished through
IPE and service provision in Health care system is improved and enhanced prosperously.
As mentioned by Reeves et al. (2013), for assessing the influence of IPE i.e. inter-professionals
education, there is a need of comparing the education comprising and lacking the application or
practice of inter-professionals education. Various types of studies like RCT studies, CBA studies
and several studies were used in the literature for evaluating the impact of intervention of IPE.
As argued by Reeves et al. (2013), the widely used research methodologies like qualitative and
quantitative methods were not utilized for the research, as they were not the emphasis of this
research.
As mentioned by Reeves et al. (2013), in the article. Majority of studies revealed that IPE in
educational intervention gave rise to effective health care services. It facilitated prosperous
collaboration between the professionals of health care services. However, there were few studies
that revealed that inclusion of inter professionals education had neutral and even no effects on

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services of health care systems. As per the arguments of Majid et al. (2011), this might be due to
inefficient practice of inter-professional education. Thus, more research and studies are required
for reaching to the final verdict of the effectiveness of IPE on health care services delivery. The
studies were carried out in various regions of health care service practices and comprised of
various kind of interventions of inter professional education. According to the arguments of
Reeves et al. (2013), reaching to explicit verdict was difficult in this case due to inclusion of
limited studies. Even the studies exercised in this case were contrasting in nature, which confined
the understandings of the basic key elements of inter professionals education and its influences
on collaboration of health care professionals.
Literature theme 2:
Interprofessional collaboration: effects of practice
‐based interventions on professional
practice and healthcare outcomes http://ipls.dk/pdf-filer/ip_collaboration_cochrane.pdf
This literature is very much related to the topic discussed in previous literature. As stated by
Zwarenstein et al. (2009), collaboration of professionals in health care services is very crucial for
effective delivery of health care services and services to the patients in clinics and healthcare
system. It is depicted in the article that good communication and interaction among the
professionals and practitioners in health care system can provide ease in delivering enhanced
services to the patient in health care systems. However, as mentioned by Zwarenstein et al.
(2009), poor interaction and communication between the professionals can bear negative results
in health care systems. Therefore, it is very necessary to focus on successful collaboration and
interaction of health care professionals for stipulation of better care services to the patients.
As per the opinion of Zwarenstein et al. (2009), inter professional collaboration that is also
known as IPC; influence the behaviour of professionals and provision of health care as well as
patient care services. However, to assess the extent of influence posed by IPC on patient and
health care, there is a requirement of evaluating the effects of IPC on performance of health care
professionals. According to Zwarenstein et al. (2009), for acquiring the details on effects of IPC,
around five studies were used in the research. The research revealed that around 60% of
information depicted that Inter professional collaboration had positive effect on professional’s
behaviour and delivery of patient and health care. On the other hand, as mentioned by

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Zwarenstein et al. (2009), rest of the data depicted that IPC had neutral and mixed effect on
provision of health care services.
As mentioned in the article of Zwarenstein et al. (2009), majority of data showed that IPC had
positive effect on patient and health care services delivery by the professionals. The areas of
healthcare system like use of drugs and medicines, duration of stay in hospital and charges of
hospital were improved due to inter professional collaboration in an effective way. Zwarenstein
et al. (2009) stated that the results were still not strong enough for reaching to an explicit verdict.
Therefore, several more researches required to be carried out for acquiring final and clear
outcomes on the effect of practiced based inter professional collaboration on health care services
provision. As mentioned by Zwarenstein et al. (2009), for performing better research, qualitative
research methodology should be used for assessing the effects of poor and improved
collaboration affect the outcomes of health care services.
Reliability and validity of taking this research
The present research has focused on the effectiveness of communication and interaction between
the general medical practitioner and professional of health care. The research is viable because, a
sudden requirement of enhanced health care services delivery has been observed in clinics and
health care systems. In such case, collaboration of professionals of various departments of
healthcare system is very crucial. According to Zwarenstein et al. (2009), carrying out this
research can help in examining the ways in which improvements can be made in health care
service delivery. Through this research, all the major aspects of health care services and
interaction between professionals are understood easily.
How project proposal was effective with the literature review
The project proposal was effective with literature review because it provided better insight into
the matter or projects’ topic. Literature review provides authenticity and accuracy to the
research data that makes its more reliable. According to THOMAS (2013), with the help of
literature review, all the essential areas related to the project proposal can be easily evaluated and
understood. The strengths and weaknesses of the research along with its effectiveness can be
accessed through literature review. The evaluation of the research data is done in a critical

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manner, which aids to the reliability of acknowledgeable data. All these factors make projects
proposal effective with literature review.
LO3: Make a proposal by utilizing the evidence-based preparation (P5 & P6)
Topic: Communication skills for services users in social and health care affects evidence
based preparation
Aims and Objectives
It is significant for the researcher to outline the main objectives and aims of the project prior
towards its initiation. As noted by Miller et al. (2016), a project aim gives the appropriate
direction and makes sure that all types of deliverables are assembled. The main aim of this
current task is to develop communication skills by using evidence-based practice of health
service. With knowing the evidence based preparation of health and social service, it is
significant that the researcher must has set of realistic and achievable objectives, which may give
the competitive advantage towards the given task. The objectives of this project are:
 To analyse the resources needed for the evidence-oriented application in terms of health
service
 To identify the main affect of communication methods and skills on the results of social
and health service
 To evaluate the several factors of communication skills of evidence-based practice
Literature review
Overview of evidence-based practice
Evidence-based practices are accessible for huge numbers of situations like health failure,
diabetes and asthma. However, these types of practices are not always integrated for caring the
deliver and variation within application abound. From the statement of World Health
Organization (2014), research on patient safety has mainly focused on the data analysis, which
would support to identify the issues on patient safety. EBP is the sensible and careful use of new-
based evidence within coincidence with the enduring values and clinical proficiency to direct the
decisions of health care. While sufficient evidence of research is available, then the application

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must be directed by the research evidence in conjunction with patient values and clinical
expertise. According to Djulbegovic and Guyatt (2014), a sufficient base of research would not
be accessible, and the decision making of health care is derived mainly from the nonresearch
sources of evidence like scientific approach and expert opinion. Besides, more evidence of
research is performed within a particular region; the evidence should be included in the EBP
practice. However, three main phases in evidence oriented preparation:
 Knowledge distillation and creation,
 Dissemination along with diffusion
 Organisational acceptance and functioning
Knowledge creation and distillation is carrying out the research and then packaging relevant
research findings in items, which may be place in action. It is necessary that this process should
be guided and informed by the ends users in care of patient delivery (Lyman et al., 2015).
Dissemination supports to recognize influential communities and groups, which should be create
for demand of the application evidence. The last stage aims to obtaining the teams, organisations
to adopt the use evidence based findings of research.
Skill based communication in social and health care
As noted by McCrae (2012), the process of communication is mainly recognized as significant
factor to health care practice and controlling the clinical conditions. There are several practices
of communication with social and health care practice. Besides, high-quality communication is a
highly developed skill, which makes from human perception in the direction of connect other
things (Titler, 2014). To attain high level of interaction, a nurse must require self-awareness and
eagerness to pay attention anything. They have the capability to think rationally and select the
proper thing while it would necessary. As argued by Miller et al. (2016), barriers in
communication would be present within other people or nurse with whom she may
communicate. In the clinical settings, these types of barriers are ranging from unalterable
attributes such as permanent cognitive in patient mind.
Patient care is the main function of communication and clinical nursing. Besides, communication
is the major aspect to develop nurse and patient connection. This relation must be transparent,
honest and open. As discussed by Miller et al. (2016), practice of nurse is based on the

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communication of patient-centred, as they satisfy all types of expectations of regulatory bodies,
government and patients. While the process of communication may substandard, the protocol of
patient care and their results are very poor. Poor communication is played an important part in
each aspect of systematic failure (Evidence-Based Nursing blog. 2015). However, duty towards
caring the patients would encourage the nurses to speak well. For creating a work surrounding,
nurses are encouraged to the process of open communication. As opined by Lyman et al., (2015),
it contributes towards a sense of well-being of nurses and may build trust, empower and develop
clinical care. In contrast, many nurses are working in the systems where professional hierarchies
may affect the healthcare numbers.
As cited by McCrae (2012), nursing is predicated on a supporting connection among two
individuals but recent systems of healthcare need a group of nurses, who would like to working
together to give the patient care. The main responsibility of efficient patient care and team
functioning is separated among the people and organisation in it. Besides, the company should be
receptive towards financial contingencies. Other people in healthcare professionals and nurses
should take the responsibility for skill improvement that includes checking individual attitudes,
values and beliefs. In the clinical settings, teams have not enough time to fully discover the
psychological and emotional underpinnings for the process of communication (Evidence-Based
Nursing blog. 2015). However, every person ensures that they participate within assertive and
open communication, which allows teamwork as well as quality care of the patients. Every nurse
has an accountability to improve communication skills alongside other skills to meet professional
needs.
Several factors of communication skills
Utilization of opinion leaders, change champions and mass media with education are the
strategies to promote EBPs practice. As noted by Lyman et al., (2015), education is essential but
not sufficient towards change the evidence-based practice. Different studies have confirmed that
opinions of leaders are efficient to change the behaviours of health care practitioners. Leaders
opinions are form the limited peer crowd, shown as an appreciated resource of pressure. The
main character of an estimation leader is trusted on any critical situation towards assess new data
within the context of team norms (Titler, 2014). On the other hand, opinions of leaders are