Communication Theories, Principles & Models in Education and Training

This essay provides an overview and analysis of various communication theories, principles, and models relevant to education and training. It begins by outlining the core principles of effective communication, emphasizing context, process, and content. The essay then delves into specific models, including the Shannon and Weaver model, Transactional Analysis theory (Berne's ego states), and the Johari's Window model, explaining their applications and implications in educational settings. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of effective listening skills for teachers in fostering empathy, understanding learners, and resolving conflicts. The analysis section examines the strengths and weaknesses of each model, highlighting the Shannon and Weaver model's simplicity and generality, Transactional Analysis's focus on field experience, and Johari's Window's contribution to self-awareness and communication improvement. The essay concludes by underscoring the necessity of effective communication for both organizations and individuals in achieving complete and accurate information exchange.

THEORIES, PRINCIPLES AND MODELS
IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING

TABLE OF CONTENT
 MODELS, PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION
 SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL
 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS THEORY
 JOHARI'S WINDOW MODEL
 EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS
 ANALYSIS OF THEORIES, PRINCIPLES AND MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
 SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL
 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS THEORY
 JOHARI'S WINDOW MODEL
 EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS

MODELS, PRINCIPLES AND
THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION
 The principles for effective communication are context, process and content.
 The process of communication is nuanced and complex involving sender, receiver,
channel, message and then feedback.
 The main of communication is that the receiver understand the message that is being
conveyed by the sender (Adebisi, 2018).

SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL
 It is a mathematical theory of communication that says
human communication can be broken into seven key
elements that are: sender, channel, encoder, decoder, noise,
receiver and feedback.
 It is also known as mother of all models because of its
popularity.
 The primary value of model is explaining how messages
are distorted and lost in the communication process.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS THEORY
 Berne's theory of transactional analysis have a significant impact on teaching. This
model states the importance conveying the best outcome and stance to be taken
while interacting with others.
 The theory suggested three states of ego: parents, adults and child. The parent state
is characterized by needs of establishing standards and instil values and criticism.
 The adult state is whereby the teacher is responsible for and being logical. And the
child state which is demonstrated by emotion, either positive or negative.

JOHARI'S WINDOW MODEL
 It is a model which is helpful in understanding aspects of
interpersonal communication.
 In other words it is a disclosure model about self awareness.
 The Johari Window's is in a form of quadrant that focuses on
the gaining knowledge about an individual with two
dimensions that is self and others and values that are known
and not known.
 With the use of this model teaches built strategies to talk with
learners through various quadrants.

EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS
 Effective listening skills are needed by a teacher as it helps in developing empathy and
understanding the learners and also, helps in assessing that whether the learners are able to
understand what they are being taught or not.
 Good listening skills helps in negotiating with the learners and defusing potential conflicts
between them.

ANALYSIS OF THEORIES, PRINCIPLES
AND MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
 Communication refers to the exchange of information. It includes sender, receiver and message.
 The use of effective communication in order to get proper and complete information is necessary
for any organization or individual.
 Following are the analysis, advantages and weakness of theories, principles and models of
communication.

SHANNON AND WEAVER ANALYSIS
 This model of communication provides framework to the
process of communication.
 This model was created to improve technical
communication.
 In the analysis of this model, it has been derived that the
maximum benefits of this model is simplicity, generality.
 Along with that it helps in making communication
effective by removing the noise (Ganucci and et.al,
2018).

TRANSACTIONAL THEORY ANALYSIS
 Brene suggested the three states of ego. i.e. child, adults and
parents. This model of communication represent the field
experience include non-verbal communication.
 The stress response is also a part of effective
communication but this model does not account for social,
bio and environmental factors.
 Transactional model is more effective when sender and
receiver are from same environment and know each other.

JOHARI'S WINDOW MODEL ANALYSIS
 This model helps people to understand the relationship between them and others. Johari's window
model develops self awareness and improves communication (Lowes, 2020).
 It increases the size of open area of communication and decreases the size of hidden areas. It helps
the students to know more about themselves thus lead in bringing necessary improvement required
for overall growth and development.
 The major drawback of this communication, is that some points are not communicated in the
model such as mental health problems and large scale failures. This model of communication does
not consider the psychological state of the person.

EFFECTIVE LISTENING SKILLS ANALYSIS
 Listening skills is very important for teachers as well as students in
order to maintain discipline and grow better. It helps in understanding
better and it makes connection between teachers and students.
 Listening also contributes to the case analysis and effective
communication (Amir, Kang and Saeed, 2020).
 It avoid distractions so teachers can properly understand the
problems of students.